Resting metabolism

The histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) valproic acid (VPA) has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects in experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI), which have been partially attributed to the epigenetic disinhibition of the transcription repressor RE1-Silencing Transcription Factor/Neuron-Restrictive Silencer Factor (REST/NRSF). Additionally, VPA changes post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) brain metabolism to create a neuroprotective environment. To address the interconnection of neuroprotection, metabolism, inflammation and REST/NRSF after TBI, we subjected C57BL/6N mice to experimental TBI and intraperitoneal VPA administration or vehicle solution at 15 min, 1, 2, and 3 days post-injury (dpi)...

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (MRI) is routinely used to evaluate organ morphology and pathology in the human body at rest or in combination with pharmacological stress as an exercise surrogate. With MR during actual physical exercise, we can assess functional characteristics of tissues and organs under real-life stress conditions. This is particularly relevant in patients with limited exercise capacity or exercise intolerance, and where complaints typically present only during physical activity, such as in neuromuscular disorders, inherited metabolic diseases, and heart failure...

Ambient temperatures have great impacts on thermoregulation of small mammals. Brown adipose tissue (BAT), an obligative thermogenic tissue for small mammals, is localized not only in the interscapular depot (iBAT), but also in supraclavicular, infra/subscapular, cervical, paravertebral, and periaortic depots. The iBAT is known for its cold-induced thermogenesis, however, less has been paid attention to the function of BAT in other sites. Here, we investigated the function of different sites of BAT during cold acclimation in a small rodent species...

BACKGROUND: It is widely known that sex differences have a significant impact on patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). This study aims to evaluate the sex-related connection between serum trace elements and changes in neurometabolism in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of MDD patients. METHODS: 109 untreated MDD patients and 59 healthy controls underwent proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS) under resting conditions. We measured metabolic ratios in the ACC from both sides...

Bioenergetics is informative for a range of fundamental and applied resource management questions, but findings are often constrained by a lack of ecological realism due to the challenges of remotely estimating key parameters such as metabolic rate. To enable field applications, we conducted a calibration study with smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu, 0.7-2 kg) surgically implanted with accelerometer transmitters and exposed to a ramp-Ucrit swimming protocol in a swim tunnel respirometer across a range of water temperatures (6, 12, 18, and 24°C)...

Dormancy is a key feature of stem cell function in adult tissues as well as in embryonic cells in the context of diapause. The establishment of dormancy is an active process that involves extensive transcriptional, epigenetic, and metabolic rewiring. How these processes are coordinated to successfully transition cells to the resting dormant state remains unclear. Here we show that microRNA activity, which is otherwise dispensable for preimplantation development, is essential for the adaptation of early mouse embryos to the dormant state of diapause...

PURPOSE: This study investigated the effects of exogenous lactate intake on energy metabolism during 1 h of rest after acute exercise. METHODS: Eight-week-old ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups: SED (no treatment), EXE (exercise only), LAC (post-exercise oral lactate administration), and SAL (post-exercise saline administration) (n=8 per group). The exercise intensity was at VO2max 80% at 25 m/min and 15° slope for 50 min. After acute exercise, the LAC and SAL groups ingested lactate and saline orally, respectively, and were allowed to rest in a chamber...

OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and their comorbid association called Overlap Syndrome (OS) are frequent chronic diseases with high individual and societal burdens. Precise descriptions of the respective symptoms, comorbidities, and medications associated with these three conditions are lacking. We used a multidimensional phenotyping approach to identify relevant phenotypes characterizing these 3 disorders. PATIENTS/METHODS: 308 patients with OSA, COPD and OS were prospectively assessed using a combination of body shape measurements and multidimensional questionnaires evaluating sleep, fatigue, depression and respiratory symptoms...

Although evidence suggests that intramuscular fat infiltration may influence muscle strength, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to determine whether intramuscular fat infiltration affects muscle mechanical properties during contraction, and whether these mechanical properties mediate the relationship between intramuscular fat infiltration and muscle strength. Seventy-nine healthy older women aged 75.1±6.8 years were included in this study. The echo intensity (EI) of the vastus lateralis (VL) was measured as an intramuscular fat infiltration index using B-mode ultrasonography...

This study investigated the effect of four days low energy availability (LEA) on physiological markers and mood states in male endurance runners. Twelve participants (mean (standard deviation)); age: 25.8 (3.8) years; fat free mass (FFM): 52.8 (5.5) kg) completed three 4-day conditions: Adequate Energy Availability, AEA: 45 kcal/kgFFM/day; LEA1: 30 kcal/kgFFM/day; and LEA2: 15 kcal/kgFFM/day), in a randomized order. Participants ran on a treadmill at 65% of V̇O2max until they expended 15 kcal/kg FFM/day of energy...

OBJECTIVE: Ferroptosis is implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and vascular dementia, implying that it may have a regulatory effect on the progression of these diseases. However, the specific role of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not yet fully understood. The aim of the study was to detect ferroptosis related genes with regulatory functions in the disease and explore potential mechanisms in AD...

PURPOSE: Research supports physical activity as a method to heighten stress resistance and resilience through positive metabolic alterations mostly affecting the neuroendocrine system. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been proposed as a highly effective time-saving method to induce those changes. However, existing literature relies heavily on cross-sectional analyses, with few randomised controlled trials highlighting the necessity for more exercise interventions. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effects of HIIT versus an active control group on the stress response to an acute psychosocial stressor in emotionally impulsive humans (suggested as being strong stress responders)...

PURPOSE: We conducted a meta-analysis to determine the effect of hyperoxia on muscle sympathetic nerve activity in healthy individuals and those with cardio-metabolic diseases. METHODS: A comprehensive search of electronic databases was performed until August 2022. All study designs (except reviews) were included: population (humans; apparently healthy or with at least one chronic disease); exposures (muscle sympathetic nerve activity during hyperoxia or hyperbaria); comparators (hyperoxia or hyperbaria vs...

Exercise promotes brain plasticity partly by stimulating increases in mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF), but the role of the pro-BDNF isoform in the regulation of BDNF metabolism in humans is unknown. We quantified the expression of pro-BDNF and mBDNF in human skeletal muscle and plasma at rest, after acute exercise (+/- lactate infusion), and after fasting. Pro-BDNF and mBDNF were analyzed with immunoblotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction...

OBJECTIVE: Previous research has suggested a connection between major depressive disorder (MDD) and certain comorbidities, including gastrointestinal issues, thyroid dysfunctions, and glycolipid metabolism abnormalities. However, the relationships between these factors and asymmetrical alterations in functional connectivity (FC) in adults with MDD remain unclear. METHOD: We conducted a study on a cohort of 42 MDD patients and 42 healthy controls (HCs). Participants underwent comprehensive clinical assessments, including evaluations of blood lipids and thyroid hormone levels, as well as resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (Rs-fMRI) scans...

Tau pathology and its spatial propagation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) play crucial roles in the neurodegenerative cascade leading to dementia. However, the underlying mechanisms linking tau spreading to glucose metabolism remain elusive. To address this, we aimed to examine the association between pathologic tau aggregation, functional connectivity, and cascading glucose metabolism and further explore the underlying interplay mechanisms. In this prospective cohort study, we enrolled 79 participants with 18 F-Florzolotau positron emission tomography (PET), 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET, resting-state functional, and anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images in the hospital-based Shanghai Memory Study...

BACKGROUND: Multiples of resting metabolic rate (RMR) are often used to classify physical activity intensity, a concept known as the Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET). However, the METs metrics may misclassify physical activity intensity in older adults because of age related changes in RMR and maximal aerobic capacity (V̇O2max). This study aimed to 1) compare classifications of activity intensity by estimated (METsestimated) and measured (METsmeasured) METs and 2) compare physical activity classified by absolute (METsmeasured) versus relative intensity (%V̇O2Reserve) in older adults...

Cerebral infra-slow oscillation (ISO) is a source of vasomotion in endogenic (E; 0.005-0.02 Hz), neurogenic (N; 0.02-0.04 Hz), and myogenic (M; 0.04-0.2 Hz) frequency bands. In this study, we quantified changes in prefrontal concentrations of oxygenated hemoglobin (Δ[HbO]) and redox-state cytochrome c oxidase (Δ[CCO]) as hemodynamic and metabolic activity metrics, and electroencephalogram (EEG) powers as electrophysiological activity, using concurrent measurements of 2-channel broadband near-infrared spectroscopy and EEG on the forehead of 22 healthy participants at rest...

AIMS: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is associated with an array of central and peripheral haemodynamic and metabolic changes. The exact pathogenesis of exercise limitation in HFpEF remains uncertain. Our aim was to compare lactate accumulation and central haemodynamic responses to exercise in patients with HFpEF, non-cardiac dyspnoea (NCD), and healthy volunteers. METHODS AND RESULTS: Right heart catheterization with mixed venous blood gas and lactate measurements was performed at rest and during symptom-limited supine exercise...

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the relative effectiveness of different dietary macronutrient patterns on changes in resting energy expenditure (REE) in relation to weight loss, categorized as minimal (<5%) and moderate to high (>5%). Changes in REE were assessed using a DerSimonian and Laird random-effects meta-analysis. A diet lower in carbohydrates (CHO) or higher in fat and protein was associated with smaller reductions in REE, with these trends being more pronounced among participants who experienced moderate to high weight loss...