Color Doppler ultrasound of appendix

PURPOSE: To review and update several aspects of testicular torsion. INCIDENCE: The relative incidence of testicular torsion, torsion of testicular appendix and epididymo-orchitis is variable and depends on mode of diagnosis and patients' age. AGE: Testicular torsion can occur at any age. The peak is in adolescents below the age of 18 years. SYMPTOMS: Classical symptoms are not always present. Range of duration is varied. Nausea and vomiting are positive predictive value for testicular torsion...

We aimed to describe the morphologic characteristics of the appendix epididymis that appears cystic on ultrasound (US) examinations. Two hundred and seventy-two patients (544 testes) were examined by US for various scrotal complaints. The patients were prospectively evaluated for the presence of testicular appendages. Cystic appendix epididymis on US examinations was classified according to the presence of the stalk and size of the cyst. Testicular appendages have been identified in 337 out of 544 testes (61...

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of testicular torsion in children is challenging, as clinical presentation and findings may overlap with other diagnoses. OBJECTIVE: To define the clinical and ultrasound criteria that best predict testicular torsion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of children hospitalized for acute scrotum from 1997 to 2002 were reviewed. The clinical and ultrasound findings of children who had a final diagnosis of testicular torsion were compared with those of children who had other diagnoses (torsion of the testicular appendix, epididymitis, and epididymo-orchitis)...

In our study we tried to assess the usefulness of high frequency ultrasound examinations in the diagnostics of right lower quadrant abdominal pain, focusing on the differential diagnosis of appendicitis. Ultrasound examinations were performed on 152 patients aged 1 to 19 with abdominal pain. All the children underwent standard abdominal ultrasound examination with B mode of abdominal parenchymal organs as well as the evaluation of the intestines with the linear transducer of changeable frequency with the possibility of creating sector format...

BACKGROUND: Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is a frequent vascular paroxysmal syndrome of the extremities. Generally benign, the condition is called Raynaud's disease (RD), which may reveal a connective tIssue disease, particularly systemic sclerosis (SS). We evaluated digital blood flow in patients with RD and SS using color Doppler ultrasound. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ultrasound examination was performed with a newly developed multi-D linear array transducer (VFX 13-5 Siemens), which allows better resolution...

Acute scrotum in children is generally a symptom. Several pathologies of the testis, scrotum or groin may cause it, including inflammatory as well as ischaemic processes. Testicular torsion with ischaemia of the testis is an emergency requiring prompt surgical intervention. Even experienced paediatric surgeons and urologists may have difficulties differentiating an ischaemic from an inflammatory aetiology solely on the basis of clinical signs and symptoms. In cases of aetiologic uncertainty, operative exploration has to be performed to rule out ischaemia, which led in the past to a high rate of surgery...

Acute pelvic pain may be the manifestation of various gynecologic and non-gynecologic disorders from less alarming rupture of the follicular cyst to life threatening conditions such as rupture of ectopic pregnancy or perforation of inflamed appendix. In order to construct an algorithm for differential diagnosis we divide acute pelvic pain into gynecologic and non-gynecologic etiology, which is than subdivided into gastrointestinal and urinary causes. Appendicitis is the most common surgical emergency and should always be considered in differential diagnosis if appendix has not been removed...

BACKGROUND: Acute scrotal pain in children presents a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Epididymitis has been considered uncommon in childhood. The clinical spectrum and therapeutic policy of the acute scrotum in children is continually being reassessed. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether there has been an increase in the incidence of epididymitis in children and to advocate a more selective surgical approach to the acute scrotum. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of 65 children admitted to our department of pediatric surgery with the diagnosis of acute scrotum during a 5 year period...

BACKGROUND: Acute ovarian torsion (OT) is an uncommon cause of abdominal pain in children and is frequently confused with other conditions. METHODS: We reviewed the records (1983 to 1999) of all children treated for acute OT at our children's hospital. RESULTS: Mean child age (n = 51) was 12.5 +/- 0.3 years. Children presented with either right-sided (n = 29) or left-sided (n = 22) pain. Diagnosis of OT was confirmed preoperatively by ultrasound (73%) or computed tomography (CT) scan (10%) while nine children (17%) with right-sided pain underwent surgery for presumed appendicitis...

The detectability, vascularization and size of the normal and inflamed appendix were investigated in the study. 148 patients under suspicion of appendicitis or with lower right abdominal pain were studied over a period of five months beginning in January 1998. An ultrasound-transducer was employed at a wave length of 3.5 MHz to 10 MHz. Vascularization was measured using 'Duplex' and 'Color Angio'. The results were compared with operative evidence, histology and patient history. The appendix was detected in about 30% of the cases (47/148)...

OBJECTIVES: To delineate the clinical outcomes of color Doppler ultrasound (US) in the equivocal torsion patient. METHODS: From 1992 to 1997, 130 patients (<23 years old) from 2 institutions underwent US imaging using a 7.5-mHz linear transducer to evaluate an acute scrotum equivocal, or of low suspicion, for torsion. The US reports and hospital charts of these patients were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: After clinical and radiologic evaluation, torsion was excluded in 110 patients without surgical exploration...

Color Doppler ultrasound has been reported to be useful in ruling out testicular torsion in children. Some investigators, however, have continued to report false-positive and false-negative studies. Herein we review our institution's experience over the past 6 years. From January 1990 to December 1996, over 300 boys 21 years of age or less underwent color Doppler ultrasound for testicular pain and/or swelling. Presentation, ultrasound diagnosis, operative findings (where applicable), and subsequent course were assessed...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare historical features, physical examination findings, and testicular color Doppler ultrasound in pediatric patients with epididymitis, testicular torsion, and torsion of appendix testis. METHODS: A retrospective review of patients with the diagnosis of epididymitis, testicular torsion, or torsion of appendix testis. RESULTS: Ninety patients were included in the study (64 with epididymitis, 13 with testicular torsion, and 13 with torsion of appendix testis)...