keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521947/hiv-and-hepatitis-b-c-co-infection-and-correlates-of-hiv-infection-among-men-who-have-sex-with-men-in-rwanda-2021-a-respondent-driven-sampling-cross-sectional-study
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eric Remera, Elysee Tuyishime, Catherine Kayitesi, Samuel S Malamba, Beata Sangwayire, Justine Umutesi, Horacio Ruisenor-Escudero, Tom Oluoch
BACKGROUND: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are a key population group disproportionately affected by HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide. In Rwanda, the HIV epidemic remains a significant public health concern, and understanding the burden of HIV and hepatitis B and C coinfections among MSM is crucial for designing effective prevention and control strategies. This study aims to determine the prevalence of HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C infections among MSM in Rwanda and identify correlates associated with HIV infection within this population...
March 23, 2024: BMC Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38471985/application-of-a-multiplex-molecular-pneumonia-panel-and-real-world-impact-on-antimicrobial-stewardship-among-patients-with-hospital-acquired-and-ventilator-associated-pneumonia-in-intensive-care-units
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chieh-Lung Chen, How-Yang Tseng, Wei-Cheng Chen, Shinn-Jye Liang, Chih-Yen Tu, Yu-Chao Lin, Po-Ren Hsueh
BACKGROUND: The optimal timing for applying the BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia Panel (FAPP) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) or ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) remains undefined, and there are limited data on its impact on antimicrobial stewardship. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted at a referral hospital in Taiwan from November 2019 to October 2022. Adult ICU patients with HAP/VAP who underwent FAPP testing were enrolled...
March 6, 2024: Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38467135/progress-towards-the-unaids-95-95-95-targets-in-the-fifth-botswana-aids-impact-survey-bais-v-2021-a-nationally-representative-survey
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Madisa Mine, Kristen A Stafford, Rebecca L Laws, Reson Marima, Phenyo Lekone, Dinah Ramaabya, Kgomotso Makhaola, Hetal K Patel, Prichard Mapondera, Floris Wray-Gordon, Chinedu Agbakwuru, Lillian Okui, Susan Matroos, Eden Onyadile, Julia Ngidi, Alash'le Abimiku, Khuteletso Bagapi, Bornapate Nkomo, Stephane M Bodika, Kaylee J Kim, Mirna Moloney, Andrew Mitchell, Akipu Ehoche, Faith L Ussery, Steven Y Hong, Stella Keipeile, Matshelo Matlhaga, Rapetse Mathumo, Robert Selato, Manhattan E Charurat, Andrew C Voetsch
BACKGROUND: In 2014, UNAIDS set a goal to end the AIDS epidemic by achieving targets for the percentage of people living with HIV who were aware of their status, on antiretroviral therapy (ART), and virally suppressed. In 2020, these targets were revised to 95% for each measure (known as 95-95-95), to be reached among people living with HIV by 2025. We used data from the Fifth Botswana AIDS Impact Survey (BAIS V) to measure progress towards these testing and treatment targets in Botswana...
March 8, 2024: Lancet HIV
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38430482/atypical-pneumonia-testing-in-transplant-recipients
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fionna Feller, Paul Trubin, Maricar Malinis, Joshua S Vogel, Jacob Merwede, David R Peaper, Marwan M Azar
BACKGROUND: The incidence of atypical pneumonia among immunocompromised patients is not well characterized. Establishing a diagnosis of atypical pneumonia is challenging as positive tests must be carefully interpreted. We aimed to assess the test positivity rate and incidence of atypical pneumonia in transplant recipients. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Yale New Haven Health System in Connecticut. Adults with solid organ transplant, hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), or chimeric antigen receptor T-cell, who underwent testing for atypical pathogens of pneumonia (Legionella pneumophilia, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Bordetella pertussis) between January 2016 and August 2022 were included...
March 2, 2024: Transplant Infectious Disease: An Official Journal of the Transplantation Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38398358/non-invasive-assessment-of-liver-fibrosis-in-hepatitis-b-patients
#5
REVIEW
Chinmay Bera, Nashla Hamdan-Perez, Keyur Patel
The aim of this review is to provide updated information on the clinical use of non-invasive serum and imaging-based tests for fibrosis assessment in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus infection. In recent years, non-invasive tests (NIT) have been increasingly used to determine eligibility for treatment. Liver biopsy is still considered the gold standard for assessing inflammatory activity and fibrosis staging, but it is an invasive procedure with inherent limitations. Simple serum markers such as APRI and FIB-4 are limited by indeterminate results but remain useful initial tests for fibrosis severity if imaging elastography is not available...
February 12, 2024: Journal of Clinical Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38393832/development-of-a-machine-learning-modelling-tool-for-predicting-hiv-incidence-using-public-health-data-from-a-county-in-the-southern-united-states
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carlos S Saldana, Elizabeth Burkhardt, Alfred Pennisi, Kirsten Oliver, John Olmstead, David P Holland, Jenna Gettings, Daniel Mauck, David Austin, Pascale Wortley, Karla V Saldana Ochoa
BACKGROUND: Recent advancements in Machine Learning (ML) have significantly improved the accuracy of models predicting HIV incidence. These models typically utilize electronic medical records and patient registries. This study aims to broaden the application of these tools by utilizing de-identified public health datasets for notifiable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) from a southern U.S. County known for high HIV incidence rates. The goal is to assess the feasibility and accuracy of ML in predicting HIV incidence, which could potentially inform and enhance public health interventions...
February 23, 2024: Clinical Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38391543/management-of-penicillin-allergy-in-the-perioperative-setting
#7
REVIEW
Mary Elizabeth Sexton, Merin Elizabeth Kuruvilla
The selection of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis is challenging in patients with a history of penicillin allergy; as such, we present a literature review exploring current best practices and the associated supporting evidence, as well as areas for future research. Guidelines recommend the use of alternative agents in patients with an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, but those alternative agents are associated with worse outcomes, including an increased risk of surgical site infection, and higher cost...
February 5, 2024: Antibiotics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38381963/first-report-of-botryosphaeria-dothidea-causing-fruit-rot-on-chinese-olive-canarium-album-raeusch-in-guangdong-province-of-china
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Duo Lai, Delin Wang, Xuehua Shao, Jian Qin, Qingli Zhuang, Weiqiang Xiao
Chinese olive (Canarium album Raeusch.) is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, mainly cultivated in Guangdong and Fujian provinces in China (Lai et al. 2022). In October 2023, Chinese olive fruit spots were observed in all the Chinese olive orchards surveyed in Chaozhou city (23.75°N, 116.67°E) of Guangdong, with an incidence up to 15%. Early disease symptoms on fruits appeared as circular or irregular, dark brown to black spots with yellowish lesions, and later the spots slowly coalesced to form large necrotic areas, which seriously affected the fruit marketability...
February 21, 2024: Plant Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38326757/enabling-personalised-disease-diagnosis-by-combining-a-patient-s-time-specific-gene-expression-profile-with-a-biomedical-knowledge-base
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ghanshyam Verma, Dietrich Rebholz-Schuhmann, Michael G Madden
BACKGROUND: Recent developments in the domain of biomedical knowledge bases (KBs) open up new ways to exploit biomedical knowledge that is available in the form of KBs. Significant work has been done in the direction of biomedical KB creation and KB completion, specifically, those having gene-disease associations and other related entities. However, the use of such biomedical KBs in combination with patients' temporal clinical data still largely remains unexplored, but has the potential to immensely benefit medical diagnostic decision support systems...
February 7, 2024: BMC Bioinformatics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38281947/diagnostic-considerations-in-the-clinical-management-of-sudden-swelling-of-the-knee-a-case-report-and-review-of-the%C3%A2-literature
#10
REVIEW
Eduard Pavelić, David Glavaš Weinberger, Martin Čemerin, Eduard Rod, Dragan Primorac
BACKGROUND: Reactive arthritis and septic arthritis rarely present concomitantly in the same joint and patient. Reactive arthritis presenting after coronavirus disease 2019 is also exceedingly rare, with less than 30 cases reported thus far. Less common pathogens such as Clostridium difficile have been reported to cause reactive arthritis, especially in patients with a positive human leukocyte antigen B27, and therefore should be considered in diagnostic algorithms. The aim of this case report is to highlight the difficulties and precautions in discerning and diagnosing patients presenting with sudden swelling of the knee...
January 29, 2024: Journal of Medical Case Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38280657/update-on-the-role-of-pathology-and-laboratory-medicine-in-diagnosing-periprosthetic-infection
#11
REVIEW
Fermina M Mazzella, Yaxia Zhang, Thomas W Bauer
Technological and implant design advances have helped reduce the frequency of aseptic total joint arthroplasty failure, but periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) remain a clinical important problem with high patient morbidity. Misinterpreting PJI as aseptic mechanical loosening commonly leads to unsatisfactory revision arthroplasty, persistent infection, and poor long-term results. While there is no single "gold standard" diagnostic test for PJI, recent collaborative efforts by Orthopaedic and Infectious Disease Societies have developed algorithms for diagnosing PJI...
January 25, 2024: Human Pathology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38248936/frequency-of-detection-of-candida-auris-colonization-outside-a-highly-endemic-setting-what-is-the-optimal-strategy-for-screening-of-carriage
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Laura Magnasco, Malgorzata Mikulska, Chiara Sepulcri, Nadir Ullah, Daniele Roberto Giacobbe, Antonio Vena, Vincenzo Di Pilato, Edward Willison, Andrea Orsi, Giancarlo Icardi, Anna Marchese, Matteo Bassetti
Candida auris outbreaks are increasingly frequent worldwide. In our 1000-bed hospital, an endemic transmission of C. auris was established in two of five intensive care units (ICUs). Aims of our study were to describe the occurrence of new cases of C. auris colonization and infection outside the endemic ICUs, in order to add evidence for future policies on screening in patients discharged as negative from an endemic setting, as well as to propose a new algorithm for screening of such high-risk patients. From 26 March 2021 to 26 January 2023, among 392 patients who were diagnosed as colonized or infected with C...
December 29, 2023: Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38233957/prediction-of-the-synergistic-effect-of-antimicrobial-peptides-and-antimicrobial-agents-via-supervised-machine-learning
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Basak Olcay, Gizem D Ozdemir, Mehmet A Ozdemir, Utku K Ercan, Onan Guren, Ozan Karaman
BACKGROUND: Infectious diseases not only cause severe health problems but also burden the healthcare system. Therefore, the effective treatment of those diseases is crucial. Both conventional approaches, such as antimicrobial agents, and novel approaches, like antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), are used to treat infections. However, due to the drawbacks of current approaches, new solutions are still being investigated. One recent approach is the use of AMPs and antimicrobial agents in combination, but determining synergism is with a huge variety of AMPs time-consuming and requires multiple experimental studies...
January 17, 2024: BMC biomedical engineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38233764/covid-19-detection-from-chest-x-ray-images-using-clahe-ycrcb-lbp-and-machine-learning-algorithms
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rukundo Prince, Zhendong Niu, Zahid Younas Khan, Masabo Emmanuel, Niyishaka Patrick
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is a disease that caused a contagious respiratory ailment that killed and infected hundreds of millions. It is necessary to develop a computer-based tool that is fast, precise, and inexpensive to detect COVID-19 efficiently. Recent studies revealed that machine learning and deep learning models accurately detect COVID-19 using chest X-ray (CXR) images. However, they exhibit notable limitations, such as a large amount of data to train, larger feature vector sizes, enormous trainable parameters, expensive computational resources (GPUs), and longer run-time...
January 17, 2024: BMC Bioinformatics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38227609/application-of-in-silico-drug-discovery-techniques-to-discover-a-novel-hit-for-target-specific-inhibition-of-sars-cov-2-mpro-s-revealed-allosteric-binding%C3%A2-with-mao-b-receptor-a-theoretical-study-to-find-a-cure-for-post-covid-neurological-disorder
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Magdi E A Zaki, Sami A Al-Hussain, Aamal A Al-Mutairi, Abdul Samad, Vijay H Masand, Rahul G Ingle, Vivek Digamber Rathod, Nikita Maruti Gaikwad, Summya Rashid, Pravin N Khatale, Pramod V Burakale, Rahul D Jawarkar
Several studies have revealed that SARS-CoV-2 damages brain function and produces significant neurological disability. The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which causes COVID-19, may infect the heart, kidneys, and brain. Recent research suggests that monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) may be involved in metabolomics variations in delirium-prone individuals and severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. In light of this situation, we have employed a variety of computational to develop suitable QSAR model using PyDescriptor and genetic algorithm-multilinear regression (GA-MLR) models (R2 = 0...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38227279/demographics-trends-and-clinical-characteristics-of-hiv-pre-exposure-prophylaxis-recipients-and-people-newly-diagnosed-with-hiv-from-large-electronic-health-records-in-florida
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yiyang Liu, Khairul A Siddiqi, Hwayoung Cho, Haesuk Park, Mattia Prosperi, Robert L Cook
Florida is one of the HIV epicenters with high incidence and marked sociodemographic disparities. We analyzed a decade of statewide electronic health record/claims data-OneFlorida+-to identify and characterize pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) recipients and newly diagnosed HIV cases in Florida. Refined computable phenotype algorithms were applied and a total of 2186 PrEP recipients and 7305 new HIV diagnoses were identified between January 2013 and April 2021. We examined patients' sociodemographic characteristics, stratified by self-reported sex, along with both frequency-driven and expert-selected descriptions of clinical conditions documented within 12 months before the first PrEP use or HIV diagnosis...
January 2024: AIDS Patient Care and STDs
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38224306/robust-explanation-supervision-for-false-positive-reduction-in-pulmonary-nodule-detection
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qilong Zhao, Chih-Wei Chang, Xiaofeng Yang, Liang Zhao
BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is the deadliest and second most common cancer in the United States due to the lack of symptoms for early diagnosis. Pulmonary nodules are small abnormal regions that can be potentially correlated to the occurrence of lung cancer. Early detection of these nodules is critical because it can significantly improve the patient's survival rates. Thoracic thin-sliced computed tomography (CT) scanning has emerged as a widely used method for diagnosing and prognosis lung abnormalities...
January 15, 2024: Medical Physics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38167816/tick-borne-infections-in-children-in-north-america
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emma Taylor-Salmon, Eugene D Shapiro
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Because both incidence and awareness of tick-borne infections is increasing, review of major infections and recent advances related to their diagnosis and management is important. RECENT FINDINGS: A new algorithm, termed modified two-tier testing, for testing for antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi, the cause of Lyme disease, has been approved and may replace traditional two-tier testing. In addition, doxycycline is now acceptable to use for treatment of and/or prophylaxis for Lyme disease for up to 21 days in children of any age...
January 4, 2024: Current Opinion in Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38153925/rvcnet-a-hybrid-deep-neural-network-framework-for-the-diagnosis-of-lung-diseases
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fatema Binte Alam, Prajoy Podder, M Rubaiyat Hossain Mondal
Early evaluation and diagnosis can significantly reduce the life-threatening nature of lung diseases. Computer-aided diagnostic systems (CADs) can help radiologists make more precise diagnoses and reduce misinterpretations in lung disease diagnosis. Existing literature indicates that more research is needed to correctly classify lung diseases in the presence of multiple classes for different radiographic imaging datasets. As a result, this paper proposes RVCNet, a hybrid deep neural network framework for predicting lung diseases from an X-ray dataset of multiple classes...
2023: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38118239/recent-hiv-1-infection-in-israel-2017-2021-evaluation-of-geenius-and-hiv-1-2-combo-assays-for-identifying-recent-infection-detected-by-sedia-assay-and-assessment-of-factors-related-to-recent-infection-recent-hiv-1-infection-in-israel
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eyal Azuri, Marina Wax, Yael Gozlan, Tali Wagner, Orna Mor
BACKGROUND: Estimating HIV-1 recency of infection for incidence and local outbreaks detection usually involves specifically designed assays. Here, we established an approach to identify recent infections, estimate their rate, and assess potential risk factors. METHODS: Randomly selected HIV-1 positive samples (n = 382) collected in 2017-2021 were tested by Sedia and compared to the results of Geenius recency algorithm and the S/CO values of the HIV-1/2 Combo assay...
November 29, 2023: Journal of Clinical Virology
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