Radiology, CT, MRI

BACKGROUND: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disorder usually due to hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands (HP). Surgical removal of HP is the main treatment in PHPT, particularly in symptomatic patients. The correct detection and localization of HP is challenging and crucial as it may guide surgical treatment in patients with PHPT. To date, different imaging methods have been used to detect and localize HP in patients with PHPT including radiology, nuclear medicine and hybrid techniques...

PURPOSE: We compared diagnostic performance of Magnetic Resonance (MR), Computed Tomography (CT) and Ultrasound (US) with (CEUS) and without contrast medium to identify peribiliary metastasis. METHODS: We identified 35 subjects with histological proven peribiliary metastases who underwent CEUS, CT and MR study. Four radiologists evaluated the presence of peribiliary lesions, using a 4-point confidence scale. Echogenicity, density and T1-Weigthed (T1-W), T2-W and Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) signal intensity as well as the enhancement pattern during contrast studies on CEUS, CT and MR so as hepatobiliary-phase on MRI was assessed...

BACKGROUND: Rapid advances in liver imaging have improved the evaluation of hepatocarcinogenesis and early diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this situation, detection of early-stage HCC in its development is important for the improvement of patient survival and optimal treatment strategies. Because early HCCs are considered precursors of progressed HCC, precise differentiation between a dysplastic nodule (DN), especially a high-grade DN, and early HCC is important...

OBJECTIVE: We analyzed a case of medulloblastoma with atypical dynamic imaging changes retrospectively to summarized the atypical MRI features of medulloblastoma by reviewing the literature. METHODS: One atypical case of medulloblastoma in the cerebellar hemisphere confirmed by pathology was analyzed retrospectively, and the literature about it was reviewed. RESULTS: The radiologic findings of the patient were based on three examinations. The first examination showed that the cortex of the bilateral cerebellar hemisphere had diffuse nodular thickening, with a high signal on DWI imaging and significant enhancement...

Hepatic fibrosis is potentially reversible; however early diagnosis is necessary for treatment in order to halt progression to cirrhosis and development of complications including portal hypertension and hepatocellular carcinoma. Morphologic signs of cirrhosis on ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) alone are unreliable and are seen with more advanced disease. Newer imaging techniques to diagnose liver fibrosis are reliable and accurate, and include magnetic resonance elastography and US elastography (one-dimensional transient elastography and point shear wave elastography or acoustic radiation force impulse imaging)...

New uses of medical imaging as well as over-diagnosis and wasteful imaging have led to a 10% per annum growth in computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Personalised value to the patient will be helped by referral guidelines for the best test first, adding evidence-based technical value to the investigation to answer the clinical question, thus providing allocative value to the commissioners of medical imaging. Appropriate imaging is driven by the need for effective decisions, radiation safety, and cost awareness...

The most commonly employed radiologic method in diagnosis of pleural diseases is conventional chest radiograph. The commonest chest- X-Ray findings are the presence of pleural effusion and thickening. Small pleural effusions are not readily identified on posteroanterior chest radiograph. However, lateral decubitus chest radiograph and chest ultrasonography may show small pleural effusions. These are more efficient methods than posteroanterior chest radiograph in the erect position for demonstrating small amounts of free pleural effusions...

Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may be eligible for liver transplantation. Liver transplant candidates with HCC compete for the same deceased donor organs as those without HCC. These scarce organs must be allocated fairly and justly to those who will benefit most. Unlike most other cancers, HCC is often diagnosed noninvasively by imaging without biopsy confirmation. Therefore, radiologists play an important role in diagnosing definite HCC (i.e., LR-5 category) that counts toward staging and determination of liver transplant eligibility...

OBJECTIVES: To compare the diagnostic yield of high-resolution volumetric T2-weighted MRI (HRT2-MRI) with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) for diagnosis of large vestibular aqueduct (LVA). STUDY DESIGN: Three board-certified neuroradiologists performed an independent, blinded radiological review for diagnosing LVA with 2:1 age-matched controls on patients with both HRCT and HRT2-MRI imaging. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: All patients between 2002 and 2016 with hearing loss who underwent both HRCT and HRT2-MRI and were diagnosed with LVA on either modality...

INTRODUCTION: Schwannomas are neoplasms originating from Schwann cells in nerve sheath, but pancreatic schwannomas are rare. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 59-year-old female incidentally pointed out a 2-cm-sized solid mass in the pancreas head by computed tomography (CT) which was performed for other reasons. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a mass with hypointensity on T1-weighted images and a heterogenous hyperintensity on T2-weighted images. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) showed no abnormal findings in the main pancreatic duct...

Radiogenomics promises to identify tumour imaging features indicative of genomic or proteomic aberrations that can be therapeutically targeted allowing precision personalised therapy. An accurate radiological-pathological correlation is critical to the process of radiogenomic characterisation of tumours. An accurate correlation, however, is difficult to achieve with current pathological sectioning techniques which result in sectioning in non-standard planes. The purpose of this work is to present a technique to standardise hepatic sectioning to facilitateradiological-pathological correlation...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Decreasing the time delay for thrombolysis, including intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) with tissue plasminogen activator and intra-arterial thrombectomy (IAT), is critical for decreasing the morbidity and mortality of patients experiencing acute stroke. We aimed to decrease the in-hospital delay for both IVT and IAT through a multidisciplinary approach that is feasible 24 h/day. METHODS: We implemented the Stroke Alert Team (SAT) on May 2, 2016, which introduced hospital-initiated ambulance prenotification and reorganized in-hospital processes...

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare multisystem disorder characterized by proliferation and diffuse infiltration multiple organs with histiocytes, including the central nervous system (CNS). Neurological manifestations of HLH have been recognized in different studies with children, but they remain relatively ill-defined in adults with HLH. From March 2008 to October 2014, 289 adult patients with HLH were admitted to our center. Clinical, radiological, and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) data of the patients with CNS involvement were reviewed, and a retrospective study in our single-center was carried out...

Desmoid tumor (DT) is a locally invasive form of fibromatosis, comprising only 0.03% of all tumors. DTs occur more frequently in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis and Gardner's syndrome, as intra-abdominal or anterior abdominal wall tumors, whereas sporadic DTs are more likely to be extra-abdominal (only 5% of sporadic DTs are intra-abdominal). There is also an association of DTs with prior trauma, surgery, estrogen exposure and childbirth. Imaging studies, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used for preoperative diagnosis and for the planning of the surgery...

BACKGROUND: To characterize the yearly incidence, diagnostic distribution, and neuro-radiologic findings in patients aged over 60 years, referred to psychiatric treatment with first episode psychosis (FEP). METHODS: A computerized search, including all patients referred to psychiatric treatment during 12 consecutive months with a de novo diagnosis of psychosis was performed in the Helsinki region catchment area with 1.2 million inhabitants. Diagnoses based on hospital records were made by a group of one neurologist and three psychiatrists...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinicoradiologic characteristics of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related (HPV-positive) and HPV-unrelated (HPV-negative) oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC). METHODS: Primary tumor and lymph node features of HPV-positive and HPV-negative OPCs from 2008 to 2013 were compared on pretreatment CT/MRI. Intrarater/interrater concordance was assessed. Multivariable analyses identified factors associated with HPV-positivity to be used in nomogram construction...

PURPOSE: In 2006, the AMA/Specialty Society Relative Value Scale Update Committee (RUC) introduced ongoing relativity screens to identify potentially misvalued medical services for payment adjustments. We assess the impact of these screens upon the valuation of noninvasive diagnostic radiology services. METHODS: Data regarding relativity screens and relative value unit (RVU) changes were obtained from the 2016 AMA Relativity Assessment Status Report. All global codes in the 2016 Medicare Physician Fee Schedule with associated work RVUs were classified as noninvasive diagnostic radiology services versus remaining services...

PURPOSE: IgG4-related disease is a systemic disease that affects various organs of the body. Aim of this study is to elucidate the clinical characteristics of IgG4-related rhinosinusitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Clinical features, laboratory findings, radiological and endoscopic findings, associated disease, treatment and prognosis were retrospectively examined in 10 patients with IgG4-related rhinosinusitis. RESULTS: The age was 59.1±11.3 years old and male-to-female ratio was 1:1...

STUDY DESIGN: This was a radiologic validity and reliability study. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the validity and reliability of measurements from standing lateral cervical radiography (XR), reconstructed midsagittal images of supine cervical computerized tomography (CT) scans, and supine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluating C2-C7 distance (C27 SVA), C2-C7 Cobb angle (CL), T1 slope (T1S), thoracic inlet angle (TIA), and neck tilt (NT). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: XR is the gold standard imaging modality for measuring cervical sagittal alignment parameters...

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous cervical artery dissection (sCAD) is an important etiology of juvenile stroke. The gold standard for the diagnosis of sCAD is convential angiography. However, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/MR angiography (MRA) and computed tomography (CT)/CT angiography (CTA) are frequently used alternatives. New developments such as multislice CT/CTA have enabled routine acquisition of thinner sections with rapid imaging times. The goal of this study was to compare the capability of recent developed 128-slice CT/CTA to MRI/MRA to detect radiologic features of sCAD...