Inspiratory muscles

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of diaphragmatic breathing training with visual biofeedback on respiratory function in patients with multiple rib fractures. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between June 2021 and October 2021, a total of 16 patients (15 males, 1 female; mean age: 49.50±11.85 years; range, 25 to 66 years) who were diagnosed with multiple rib fractures were randomly assigned into two groups as the control group (CG, n=8) and the visual biofeedback group (VBG, n=8)...

SIGNIFICANCE: Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a cornerstone technology in the intensive care unit as it assists with the delivery of oxygen in critically ill patients. The process of weaning patients from MV can be long and arduous and can lead to serious complications for many patients. Despite the known importance of inspiratory muscle function in the success of weaning, current clinical standards do not include direct monitoring of these muscles. AIM: The goal of this project was to develop and validate a combined frequency domain near-infrared spectroscopy (FD-NIRS) and diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) system for the noninvasive characterization of inspiratory muscle response to a load...

BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with low skeletal muscle mass and severe airway obstruction have higher mortality risks. However, the relationship between dynamic/static lung function (LF) and thoracic skeletal muscle measurements (SMM) remains unclear. This study explored patient characteristics (weight, BMI, exacerbations, dynamic/static LF, sex differences in LF and SMM, and the link between LF and SMM changes. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of a 12-month prospective follow-up study patients with stable COPD undergoing standardized treatment, covering mild to severe stages, was conducted...

BACKGROUND: Respiratory disorders remain incompletely described in multiple sclerosis (MS), even though they are a frequent cause of death. METHODS: The objective was to describe respiratory disorders in MS patients with Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS) ⩾ 6.5. Diaphragm dysfunction was defined by at least two of the seven criteria: clinical signs, inspiratory recruitment of neck muscles during wakefulness, reduced upright vital capacity (VC) < 80%, upright-to-supine VC ⩾ 15% of upright VC, decrease in Maximal Inspiratory Pressure < 60%, phasic activation of inspiratory neck muscles during sleep, and opposition of thoracic and abdominal movements during sleep...

INTRODUCTION: Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is one possible strategy to ameliorate respiratory muscle weakness due to invasive mechanical ventilation. Recent systematic reviews have focused on respiratory outcomes with minimal attention to physical function. The newest systematic review searched the literature until September 2017 and a recent preliminary search identified 5 new randomized controlled trials focusing on IMT in critical care. As such, a new systematic review is warranted to summarize the current body of evidence and to investigate the effect of IMT on physical function in critical care...

OBJECTIVE: Inspiratory muscle strength (IMS) appears to be reduced in subjects with chronic Chagas heart disease (CHD), especially in the presence of heart failure (HF). However, only one study about IMS and inspiratory muscle endurance (IME) in those with CHD without heart failure is available. This study aimed to compare IMS and IME in subjects with CHD in the presence and absence of HF. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study in which 30 CHD adult patients were divided into CHD-CC group (initial phase of CHD, without HF; n = 15) and CHD-HF group (advanced phase of CHD, with HF; n = 15)...

BACKGROUND: A high rate of hospitalized patients for COVID-19 had dysphagia, frequently underdiagnosed, and not treated, inducing a prolonged dysphagia with protracted recovery. Specific treatments and protocols have not been well described yet. AIM: Given the potential benefits of respiratory muscle training (IEMT) and neuromuscular stimulation (NMES) in dysphagia treatment, this study aimed to assess the feasibility of the protocol used for treating dysphagia in patients who experienced prolonged hospitalization for COVID-19...

BACKGROUND: The breathing intolerance index (BITI) is used to evaluate respiratory muscle tolerance. The higher the ratio of the inspiratory time to the total breathing time and the ratio of the tidal volume to the vital capacity, the more easily the respiratory muscles become fatigued. The BITI is high with chronic respiratory failure, and values of 0.15 or more indicate the need for assisted ventilation. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the changes in the BITI of very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) and determine whether it is possible to use the BITI as an objective indicator of the timing of noninvasive respiratory support (NRS) withdrawal...

INTRODUCTION: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting the first and second motor neurons. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) have conventionally served as indicators of respiratory muscle strength. Recently, FEV1Q (FEV1 divided by the sex-specific first percentile values of absolute FEV1 in adults with lung disease) has been suggested as a predictor of mortality. While FVC has been utilized as a prognostic factor, FEV1Q has not yet been examined...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Respiratory muscle training (RMT) was recognized as an effective means to improve respiratory muscle (RM) strength and enhance exercise performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of low-intensity RMT on RM strength, pulmonary function, and performance. METHODS: Fourteen healthy active adults were assigned randomly to either a training or placebo group. The training group completed six weeks of RMT, which consisted of a first week, 1 set of 15 min/d, 5 d/wk at 10-25% of maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax), and the remaining 5 weeks, 2 sets of 15 min/d, 5 d/wk, at 30% PImax...

AIM: This study aims to investigate the effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) techniques on respiratory parameters, swallowing, functional capacity, fatigue, and quality of life in people with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS). METHOD: Thirty-four PwMS were included and randomized into the PNF Group (mean age: 43.23±10.55/years) or Control Group (mean age:38.47±8.18/years). In the PNF group, head-neck, upper extremity, trunk, and breathing techniques were applied three days/eight weeks...

Inclusion Body Myositis is the most common acquired myositis in adults, predominantly weakening forearm flexor and knee extensor muscles. Subclinical respiratory muscle weakness has recently been recognised in people with Inclusion Body Myositis, increasing their risk of respiratory complications. Inspiratory muscle training, a technique which demonstrates efficacy and safety in improving respiratory function in people with neuromuscular disorders, has never been explored in those with Inclusion Body Myositis...

Inspiratory muscles pre-activation (IMPA ) has been studied to improve subsequent performance in swimming. However, the effects of IMPA on various parameters in swimmers are still unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of IMPA on the mechanical parameters, physiological responses, and their possible correlations with swimming performance. A total of 14 young swimmers (aged 16 ± 0 years) underwent a 30-s all-out tethered swimming test, preceded or not by IMPA, a load of 40% of the maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), and with a volume of 2 sets of 15 repetitions...

The diaphragm is the main inspiratory muscle and separates the thorax and the abdomen. In COPD, the evaluation of the diaphragm shape is clinically important, especially in the case of hyperinflation. However, delineating the diaphragm remains a challenge as it cannot be seen entirely on CT scans. Therefore, the lungs, ribs, sternum, and lumbar vertebrae are used as surrogate landmarks to delineate the diaphragm. We herein describe a CT-based method for evaluating the shape of the diaphragm using 3D Slicer-a free software that allows delineation of the diaphragm landmarks-in ten COPD patients...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), there is an unmet need for more precise patient characterization through quantitative, ideally operator-independent, assessments of disease extent and severity. Radially sampled averaged magnetization inversion recovery acquisitions (rAMIRA) magnetic resonance imaging enables gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) area quantitation in the cervical and thoracic spinal cord (SC) with optimized contrast. We aimed to investigate rAMIRA-derived SC GM and SC WM areas and their association with clinical phenotype and disability in ALS...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of respiratory sarcopenia and its effect on respiratory muscle strength (RMS) in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), who are transferred to a convalescent rehabilitation hospital after acute care and require continuous cardiac rehabilitation (CR), is currently unclear. This study aimed to assess changes in RMS, physical function, and activities of daily living (ADL) before and after CR performed in a rehabilitation hospital. METHODS: Of 50 consecutive patients transferred to a rehabilitation hospital for ongoing CR, 30 fulfilled the inclusion criteria...

INTRODUCTION: Patients with neuromuscular disease often have a weak and ineffective cough due to respiratory muscle weakness. One treatment option is mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MI-E), also known as cough assist, which is known to increase cough strength. However, some patients have a laryngeal response to MI-E, which can make the treatment ineffective. Currently, the only method for assessing this is via nasal endoscopy while using MI-E. Some MI-E devices have onboard secure data (SD) cards, which allow the visualisation of waveforms...

BACKGROUND: Several bedside assessments are used to evaluate respiratory muscle function and to predict weaning from mechanical ventilation in patients on the intensive care unit. It remains unclear which assessments perform best in predicting weaning success. The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize and compare the accuracy of the following assessments to predict weaning success: maximal inspiratory (PImax) and expiratory pressures, diaphragm thickening fraction and excursion (DTF and DE), end-expiratory (Tdiee ) and end-inspiratory (Tdiei ) diaphragm thickness, airway occlusion pressure (P0...

The specific roles that different types of neurons play in recovery from injury is poorly understood. Here, we show that increasing the excitability of ipsilaterally projecting, excitatory V2a neurons using designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) restores rhythmic bursting activity to a previously paralyzed diaphragm within hours, days, or weeks following a C2 hemisection injury. Further, decreasing the excitability of V2a neurons impairs tonic diaphragm activity after injury as well as activation of inspiratory activity by chemosensory stimulation, but does not impact breathing at rest in healthy animals...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlation between median frequency (MF) as a measure of genioglossus (GG) fatigue and overnight repetitive respiratory events in male patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). METHODS: GG electromyography (EMG) data were collected synchronously with polysomnography (PSG). Overnight respiratory events were divided based on whether they occurred during the first or second halves of the total number of overnight respiratory events, and differences in MF in the respiratory phase were compared in the same segments...