Graft verses host disease

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Chronic granulomatous disease is an inborn error of immunity due to disrupted function of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase complex. This results in impaired respiratory burst of phagocytes and insufficient killing of bacteria and fungi. Patients with chronic granulomatous disease are at increased risk for infections, autoinflammation and autoimmunity. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only widely available curative therapy. While HSCT from human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matched siblings or unrelated donors are standard of care, transplantation from HLA-haploidentical donors or gene therapy are considered alternative options...

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) superfamily. LIF was initially discovered as a factor to induce the differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells and thus inhibit their proliferation. Subsequent studies have highlighted the multi-functions of LIF under a wide variety of physiological and pathological conditions in a highly cell-, tissue-, and context-dependent manner. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that LIF plays an essential role in the stem cell niche, where it maintains the homeostasis and regeneration of multiple somatic tissues, including intestine, neuron, and muscle...

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is an effective immunotherapy against hematopoietic malignancies. The infused donor lymphocytes attack malignant cells and normal tissues, termed a graft-verse-leukemia (GVL) effect and graft-verse-host (GVH) response or disease (GVHD), respectively. Although engineering techniques toward donor graft selection have made HCT more specific and effective, primary tumor relapse and GVHD are still major concerns post allo-HCT. High-dose systemic steroids remain to be the first line of GVHD treatment, which may lead to steroid-refractory GVHD with a dismal outcome...

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in humans is a genetic region consisting of cell surface proteins located on the short arm of chromosome 6. This is also known as the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region. The HLA region consists of genes that exhibit complex genetic polymorphisms, and are extensively involved in immune responses. Each individual has a unique set of HLAs. Donor-recipient HLA allele matching is an important factor for organ transplantation. Therefore, an established rapid and accurate HLA typing technology is instrumental to preventing graft-verses-host disease (GVHD) in organ recipients...

BACKGROUND: Oral lesions are important clinical manifestations of chronic graft-verse-host disease (cGVHD). However, the oral characteristics of cGVHD mouse model are not yet clear. This study aims to demonstrate oral histopathological and immunological characteristics of a xenogeneic cGVHD mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 2.5×106 , 5.0×106 , 7.5×106 and 10.0×106 human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) were intravenously transplanted into NCG mice to induce cGVHD...

We performed a retrospective analysis to investigate dynamic peri-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) minimal/measurable residual disease (MRD) on outcomes in patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). A total of 271 patients were enrolled and classified into three groups: unchanged negative MRD pre- and post-HSCT group (group A), post-MRD non-increase group (group B), and post-MRD increase group (group C). The patients in group B and group C experienced a higher cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) (42% vs...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine vulvovaginal graft-versus-host disease (vvGVHD) incidence among pediatric patients who have received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and who already have graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) involving any organ system and characterize patterns of genital examination and referral to pediatric and adolescent gynecology (PAG) in the post-HSCT population. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: Large tertiary children's hospital in Texas...

The plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) plays a critical role in defense against biotrophic pathogens such as Plasmodiophora brassicae, which is an obligate pathogen of crucifer species and the causal agent of clubroot disease of canola (Brassica napus). P. brassicae encodes a protein, predicted to be secreted, with very limited homology to benzoic acid (BA)/SA-methyltransferase, designated PbBSMT. PbBSMT has a SA- and an indole-3-acetic acid-binding domain, which are also present in Arabidopsis thaliana BSMT1 (AtBSMT1) and, like AtBSMT1, has been shown to methylate BA and SA...

Animal models of kidney transplantation (KTX) are widely used in studying immune response of hosts to implanted grafts. Additionally, KTX can be used in generating kidney-specific knockout animal models by transplantation of kidneys from donors with global knockout of a gene to wild-type recipients or vice versa. Dual-kidney transplantation (DKT) provides a more physiological environment for recipients than single-kidney transplantation (SKT). However, DKT in mice is rare due to technical challenges. In this study, we successfully performed DKT in mice and compared the hemodynamic response and graft function with SKT...

All-trans retinoic acid (atRA), the active derivative of vitamin A, has been shown to regulate Treg and T effector cell differentiation. However, the potential use of atRA as a treatment for acute graft-verse-host disease (aGVHD) has not been realized. Here we studied the ability of atRA to prevent and treat acute-GVHD in the B6-to-F1(D2B6F1) murine model. Our results showed that atRA consistently displayed a potent ability to control aGVHD development and reduce mortality by suppressing the expansion of donor T cells and inhibiting cytokine expression from donor CD8 cells...

Transfusion is an irreversible event which carries potential benefits as well as risk to the recipient. The objective of this study was to analyse all reported transfusion reactions of the year 2008 in the Blood Bank Unit of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). This is a retrospective study that was carried out by retrieving data from the laboratory information system. A total of 27842 transfusions were documented and the total reported transfusion reactions were 149. The incidence of transfusion reaction was 1 in 187 of all transfusions (0...

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can be classified into 4 subgroups based on genotype variation of the glycoprotein B (gB) encoded by UL55 gene. Little is known about the CMV gB genotype distribution and its clinical implication in patients who receive hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) in China. In this study, which comprises 101 HSCT patients with CMV infection, we have found that 36 patients (35.64%) were infected with CMV genotype gB1, 3 patients (2.97%) with gB2, 39 patients (38.61%) with gB3, 1 patient (0...

BACKGROUND: Photopheresis is an immunomodulatory therapy for the treatment of T cell-mediated disorders. It has been used for rejection prophylaxis in cardiac transplantation, adjuvant treatment of bronchiolitis obliterans in lung transplantation, treatment of graft verse host disease, and in a small number of cases, for treatment of acute rejection in renal transplantation. Little is known of long-term outcomes following the use of photopheresis in solid organ transplantation. METHODS: We report prospective follow-up of our consecutive experience of the use of photopheresis as adjuvant/salvage therapy for problematic rejection in patients undergoing renal transplantation...

Non-endocrine events represent a heterogeneous group of complications occurring in children who survive long term after haematopoietic SCT. This review highlights the late sequel in a growing child. The preparative regimen itself with high-dose chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy (TBI) or the treatment given before the transplant procedure may cause organ damage with permanent sequel. Immune reconstitution and chronic GvHD have crucial role in occurrence of clinical abnormalities and late severe infections. Autoimmune syndromes may occur after use of novel transplant modalities (cord blood transplantation, reduced intensity conditioning regimen and haploidentical T-cell-depleted SCTs)...

Graft-verse-host disease (GVHD) is an uncommon fatal complication following liver transplantation (LTx). In mainland China, only six cases have been reported with a morbidity rate up to 1%-2%. Definitive diagnosis was achieved by molecular techniques (HLA typing or PCR-STR) in only two cases and the remaining cases were diagnosed based on typical clinical features with exclusion of other possible causes. All patients died of septic shock or multiple organ failure even after administration of increased corticosteroids and supportive therapy, and reduced immunosuppressive agents...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.