photodynamic bladder cancer

OBJECTIVES: Bladder cancer, especially non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), is one of the most costly cancers owing to its long-term management. Photodynamic diagnosis-assisted transurethral resection of bladder tumor (PDD-TURBT) reduces the risk of intravesical recurrence. However, its impact on healthcare economics in Japan remains unclear. We evaluated the comprehensive medical costs of Japanese healthcare economics regarding PDD-TURBT. METHODS: This large-scale, multicenter, retrospective study included a dataset of 1531 patients who were diagnosed with primary NMIBC who underwent initial TURBT between April 2006 and June 2021...

BACKGROUND: Photodynamic diagnosis-assisted transurethral resection of bladder tumor (PDD-TURBT) showed improvement of diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy compared to white light TURBT (WL-TURBT). While PDD-TURBT is highly effective, PDD-TURBT requires the use of PDD device and light-sensitive substance precursor, which increases the medical cost compared to WL-TURBT. In this study, the impact on health care economic costs were examined between PDD-TURBT and WL-TURBT. METHODS: Of the total 265 patients, 88 patients for WL-TURBT and 105 patients for PDD-TURBT were available for analysis...

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Within the publication of this article in Nanomaterials 2020 , 10 , 1351 [...].

In the management of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), disease progression and long-term control are determined by the intensity of delivered treatment and surveillance and the cancer cells' biological nature. This requires risk stratification-based postoperative management, such as intravesical instillation of chemotherapy drugs, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), and radical cystectomy. Advancements in mechanical engineering, molecular biology, and surgical skills have evolved the clinical management of NMIBC...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD)-assisted transurethral resection of a bladder tumor (PDD-TURBT) in a patient receiving 5-aminolevulinic acid improved the detection of micro- and flat lesions of the bladder. This study used real-world data in Japan to examine the diagnostic accuracy of PDD-assisted targeted biopsies and white-light (WL) random biopsies and reevaluated the necessity of random biopsies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 133 patients diagnosed with bladder cancer who underwent TURBT from April 2020 to March 2022 were included in the study...

CONTEXT: Repeat transurethral resection (reTUR) is a guideline-recommended treatment strategy in high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients treated with transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT); however, the impact of recent procedural/technological developments on reTUR outcomes has not been assessed yet. OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcomes of reTUR for NMIBC in the contemporary era, focusing on whether temporal differences and technical advancement, specifically, photodynamic diagnosis and en bloc resection of bladder tumor (ERBT), affect the outcomes...

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) initially employed red light, which caused some patients to experience permanent bladder contractions. PDT using the FDA-approved drug hexaminolevulinate (HAL), which produces protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in the tumor, showed some promise but has low efficacy in treating non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). We developed singlet oxygen-activatable prodrugs of two anticancer drugs, paclitaxel and mitomycin C, to enhance the antitumor effect of PpIX-PDT without producing systemic side effects, by promoting only local release of the active chemotherapeutic agent...

Cancer is a complex and diverse disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. It poses a significant global public health challenge and remains a leading cause of death. The rise in cancer cases and deaths is a significant worry, emphasizing the immediate need for increased awareness, prevention, and treatment measures. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a potential treatment for various types of cancer, including skin, lung, bladder, and oesophageal cancer. A key advantage of PDT is its ability to selectively target cancer cells while sparing normal cells...

BACKGROUND: Recurrence of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is common after transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT). Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) may reduce recurrence. PDD uses a photosensitiser in the bladder that causes the tumour to fluoresce to guide resection. PDD provides better diagnostic accuracy and allows more complete tumour resection. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the economic efficiency of PDD-guided TURBT (PDD-TURBT) in comparison to white light-guided TURNT (WL-TURBT) in individuals with a suspected first diagnosis of NMIBC at intermediate or high risk of recurrence on the basis of routine visual assessment before being scheduled for TURBT...

The polarimetry imaging technique as a promising technique for pathological diagnosis provides a handy tool for identifying and discriminating cancerous tissues. In this paper, the optical polarization properties of bulk bladder tissues without any further processing and Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) blocks of bladder tissues have been measured. The images of the Muller matrix for both normal and cancerous samples have been obtained and for quantitative analysis and to provide a more precise comparison, two methods have been applied; the Mueller matrix polar decomposition (MMPD), and the Mueller matrix transformation (MMT)...

INTRODUCTION: Visual confirmation of suspicious changes in the urinary tract mucosa is the cornerstone in the diagnosis of urothelial cancer. However, with bladder tumors, it is impossible to obtain histopathological data during cystoscopy both in white light and in photodynamic and narrow-spectrum modes, as well as with computerized chromoendoscopy. Confocal laser endomicroscopy (probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy - pCLE) is an optical imaging technique that provides high-resolution in vivo imaging and real-time evaluation of urothelial lesions...

Photochemical internalization (PCI) is a promising new technology for site-specific drug delivery, developed from photodynamic therapy (PDT). In PCI, light-induced activation of a photosensitizer trapped inside endosomes together with e.g. chemotherapeutics, nucleic acids or immunotoxins, allows cytosolic delivery and enhanced local therapeutic effect. Here we have evaluated the photosensitizer meso -tetraphenyl chlorine disulphonate (TPCS2a /fimaporfin) in a proteome analysis of AY-27 rat bladder cancer cells in combination with the chemotherapeutic drug bleomycin (BML)...

Radical treatments and active surveillance are valid therapeutic approaches for low-risk prostate cancer. The oncologic effectiveness and morbidity of Radical Prostatectomy (RP) and radiotherapy have been broadly validated. Focal therapies pursue to reduce the morbidity observed after radical treatments, while preserving the oncologic effectiveness. This study aims to review the state-of-the-art about principles, oncologic effectiveness, morbidity, and side-effects associated with leading focal therapies. We review and summarize articles related with Cryotherapy, High-Intensity Focal Ultrasound (HIFU), Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), and Irreversible Electroporating (IRE) published in MEDLINE from 2000 to 2022...

Recent studies involving photosensitizing agents containing ruthenium (Ru) are interpreted as an indication that this approach might be useful for treatment of bladder cancer. The absorbance spectrum of such agents tends to be limited to wavelengths < 600 nm. While this can spare underlying tissues from photodamage, this will limit applications to instances where only a thin layer of malignant cells is present. Among the more potentially interesting results is a protocol that uses only Ru nanoparticles. Other issues in Ru-based photodynamic therapy are discussed including the limited absorbance spectrum, questions relating to methodology and a general lack of details concerning localization and death pathways...

To investigate and compare the pharmacokinetic profile and anti-cancer activity of fluorinated and iodinated photosensitizers (PSs), the 3-(1'-( o -fluorobenzyloxy)ethyl pyropheophorbide and the corresponding meta-( m -) and para ( p -) fluorinated analogs (methyl esters and carboxylic acids) were synthesized. Replacing iodine with fluorine in PSs did not make any significant difference in fluorescence and singlet oxygen (a key cytotoxic agent) production. The nature of the delivery vehicle and tumor types showed a significant difference in uptake and long-term cure by photodynamic therapy (PDT), especially in the iodinated PS...

Aminolevulinic acid-photodynamic diagnosis (ALA-PDD) is a promising alternative method to detect cancer cells because of its high specificity and low rate of side effects. Exogenous ALA is administered and accumulates as protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in cancer cells, which then emit red fluorescence following light irradiation to enable surgeons to accurately identify and remove cancerous tissue. Recent reports suggested that PpIX failed to accumulate in some patients who underwent ALA-PDD. We hypothesized that cell senescence, which is a relatively inactive state, affects porphyrin accumulation in bladder cancer cells...

5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a naturally occurring amino acid synthesized in all nucleated mammalian cells. As a porphyrin precursor, ALA is metabolized in the heme biosynthetic pathway to produce protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), a fluorophore and photosensitizing agent. ALA administered exogenously bypasses the rate-limit step in the pathway, resulting in PpIX accumulation in tumor tissues. Such tumor-selective PpIX disposition following ALA administration has been exploited for tumor fluorescence diagnosis and photodynamic therapy (PDT) with much success...

INTRODUCTION: Currently, bladder cancer detection is based on cytology and cystoscopy. White light cystoscopy (WLC) is an invasive procedure and may under-detect flat lesions. Blue light cystoscopy (BLC) and narrow band imaging (NBI) cystoscopy are new modalities that could improve the detection of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and its recurrence or progression to muscle invasive bladder cancer. We present a systematic review on BLC and NBI cystoscopy for bladder cancer diagnosis and NMIBC follow-up...

BACKGROUND: Intravesical Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy has been reported to be effective in preventing recurrence and progression in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Furthermore, photodynamic diagnosis (PDD)-assisted transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) improves the accuracy of cancer diagnosis and contributes to lower recurrence rates. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether more tumor resection with PDD-TURBT rather than conventional TURBT before BCG therapy outweighs the benefit of BCG therapy alone...