nopp

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) provides much of the N utilized by leguminous plants throughout growth and development. Legumes may simultaneously establish symbiosis with different taxa of microbial symbionts. Yet, the mechanisms used to steer associations toward symbionts that are most propitious across variations in soil types remain mysterious. Here, we demonstrate that GmRj2/Rfg1 is responsible for regulating symbiosis with multiple taxa of soybean symbionts. In our experiments, the GmRj2/Rfg1SC haplotype favored association with Bradyrhizobia, which is mostly distributed in acid soils, whereas the GmRj2/Rfg1HH haplotype and knockout mutants of GmRj2/Rfg1SC associated equally with Bradyrhizobia and Sinorhizobium...

Introduction: Orthostatic dysregulation occurs during exposure to an increased gravitational vector and is especially common upon re-entering standard Earth gravity (1 g) after an extended period in microgravity (0 g). External peripheral skin cooling (PSC) has recently been described as a potent countermeasure against orthostatic dysregulation during heat stress and in lower body negative pressure (LBNP) studies. We therefore hypothesized that PSC may also be an effective countermeasure during hyper-gravity exposure (+Gz)...

BACKGROUND: Patients with cancer are at increased risk of venous and arterial thromboembolic/thrombotic events (VTE/ATE). Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) improves cardiovascular risk assessment, but its predictive utility in cancer patients remains undefined. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association of GDF-15 with risk of VTE, ATE, and mortality in cancer patients and its predictive utility alongside established models. METHODS: The Vienna Cancer and Thrombosis Study (CATS), a prospective, observational cohort study of patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent cancer, followed for two years, served as the study framework...

Impaired polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) functions contribute to increased infections and cardiovascular diseases in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Uremic toxins reduce hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) levels and the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of H2 S. Its biosynthesis occurs as a side process of transsulfuration and in the disposal of adenosylhomocysteine, a transmethylation inhibitor and proposed uremic toxin. PMNL chemotaxis was measured by the under-agarose method, phagocytosis, and oxidative burst by flow cytometry in whole blood and apoptosis by determining DNA content by flow cytometry and morphological features by fluorescence microscopy...

The highly biologically productive northern California Current, which includes the Oregon continental shelf, is an archetypal eastern boundary region with summertime upwelling driven by prevailing equatorward winds and wintertime downwelling driven by prevailing poleward winds. Between 1960 and 1990, monitoring programs and process studies conducted off the central Oregon coast advanced the understanding of many oceanographic processes, including coastal trapped waves, seasonal upwelling and downwelling in eastern boundary upwelling systems, and seasonal variability of coastal currents...

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BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an increasingly recognized codiagnosis in patients with cancer. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to provide a robust and contemporary estimate on the coprevalence and relative risk of AF in patients with cancer. METHODS: We conducted a nationwide analysis, utilizing diagnosis codes from the Austrian Association of Social Security Providers dataset. Estimates of the coprevalence of cancer and AF and the relative risk of AF in patients with cancer compared with individuals without cancer were obtained as point prevalences with binomial exact confidence intervals and summarized across age groups and cancer types with random-effects models...

The risk stratification of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) for subsequent cardiovascular events could help in guiding prevention strategies. In this study, we aimed at investigating circulating microRNAs as prognostic biomarkers for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in AF patients. We conducted a three-stage nested case-control study within the framework of a prospective registry, including 347 AF patients. First, total small RNA-sequencing was performed in 26 patients (13 cases with MACE) and the differential expression of microRNAs was analyzed...

BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the third most common cardiovascular disease and occurs in all age groups, albeit the risk increases considerably with age. Previous research indicates mitochondrial dysfunction and telomere shortening in cardiovascular aging. However, in the context of VTE this has not been investigated in detail. AIM: We aimed to explore biomarkers reflecting biological aging (i.e. human mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA) and telomere length) and their association with VTE...

A deep understanding of the composition of the HIV-1 reservoir is necessary for the development of targeted therapies and the evaluation of curative efforts. However, current near full-length (NFL) HIV-1 proviral genome sequencing assays are based on labor-intensive and costly principles of repeated PCRs at limiting dilution, restricting their scalability. To address this, we developed a high-throughput, long-read sequencing assay called HIV-PULSE (HIV P roviral U MI-mediated L ong-read Se quencing). This assay uses unique molecular identifiers (UMIs) to tag individual HIV-1 genomes, allowing for the omission of the limiting dilution step and enabling long-range PCR amplification of many NFL genomes in a single PCR reaction, while simultaneously overcoming poor single-read accuracy...

Venous and arterial thromboembolism (VTE/ATE) are common complications in cancer patients. Antithrombin deficiency is a risk factor for thrombosis in the general population, but its connection to risk of cancer-associated thrombosis is unclear. We investigated the association of antithrombin activity levels with risk of cancer-associated VTE/ATE and all-cause mortality in an observational cohort study including patients with cancer, the Vienna Cancer and Thrombosis Study. In total, 1127 patients were included (45% female, median age: 62 years)...

BACKGROUND: Signs of feeding intolerance, such as gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, are frequently observed in otherwise healthy formula-fed infants in the first months of life. The primary objective of this observational study was to examine GI tolerance in formula-fed infants (FFI) vs. breastfed infants (BFI) in a real-world setting with a secondary objective being the comparison of infants fed formula with pre- and/or probiotics (FFI_PP) and those fed formula without any pre- and/or probiotics (FFI_noPP) as well as BFI...

Bradyrhizobium guangxiense CCBAU53363 efficiently nodulates peanut but exhibits incompatible interaction with mung bean. By comparing the common nod region with those of other peanut bradyrhizobia efficiently nodulating these two hosts, distinctive characteristics with a single nodD isoform ( nodD1 ) and a truncated nolA were identified. However, the regulatory roles of NodD1 and NolA and their coordination in legume-bradyrhizobial interactions remain largely unknown in terms of explaining the contrasting symbiotic compatibility...

BACKGROUND: Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) are at high risk of cardiovascular events and bleeding. Optimizing risk assessment of ESKD patients regarding risk of thromboembolism and bleeding complications in comorbid conditions, including atrial fibrillation and coronary heart disease, is challenging. To improve risk prediction we investigated growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), a promising cardiovascular biomarker, and its relation to adverse outcomes. METHODS: In this prospective multicenter population-based cohort study, GDF-15 was measured in 594 ESKD patients on hemodialysis (median age: 66 years, 38% women), who were followed-up for in median 3...

AIMS: The risk for developing venous thromboembolism (VTE) is about equal in both sexes. Research suggests diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis, both forms of VTE. We aimed at investigating the sex-specific impact of DM on VTE risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical claims data were analyzed in a retrospective, population-level cohort study in Austria between 1997 and 2014. 180,034 patients with DM were extracted and compared to 540,102 sex and age-matched controls without DM in terms of VTE risk and whether specific DM medications might modulate VTE risk...

BACKGROUND: A large proportion of patients experience functional limitations after an acute episode of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Recently, the post-VTE functional status (PVFS) scale was proposed to capture these limitations. We performed a prospective cohort study to validate this scale. METHODS: The PVFS scale, PROMIS physical function 10a, EQ-5D-5L, and disease-specific quality of life (VEINES-QOL/Sym, PEmb-QoL) were assessed within three weeks of VTE diagnosis and after a median (IQR) follow-up of 13...

Aim of this study was investigate the prevalence and incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and to describe the clinical characteristics, risk profiles, and types of anticoagulant therapy for stroke prevention and the clinical outcomes in persons admitted to a long-term care hospital. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the electronic medical records of patients aged 65 years or older living in two long-term care hospitals between January 1, 2014 and October 31, 2017. Overall data from 1148 patients (mean age 84...

A comprehensive strategy is required to mitigate risks to astronauts' health, well-being, and performance. This strategy includes developing countermeasures to prevent or reduce adverse responses to the stressors astronauts encounter during spaceflight, such as weightlessness. Because artificial gravity (AG) by centrifugation simultaneously affects all physiological systems, AG could mitigate the effects of weightlessness in multiple systems. In 2019, NASA and the German Aerospace Center conducted a 60-days Artificial Gravity Bed Rest Study with the European Space Agency (AGBRESA)...

INTRODUCTION: Immunochemotherapy using PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies in combination with chemotherapeutic agents has become a mainstream treatment for cancer patients, but it remains unclear which drug combinations would produce best therapeutic outcome. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate two common chemotherapeutic drugs, gemcitabine and cisplatin, for their impacts on the therapeutic efficacy of PD-1 antibody in K-ras-driven cancers known to overexpress PD-L1...

Preliminary data and clinical experience have suggested an increased risk of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) in women of reproductive age treated with anticoagulants, but solid data are lacking. The TEAM-VTE study was an international multicenter prospective cohort study in women aged 18 to 50 years diagnosed with acute venous thromboembolism (VTE). Menstrual blood loss was measured by pictorial blood loss assessment charts at baseline for the last menstrual cycle before VTE diagnosis and prospectively for each cycle during 3 to 6 months of follow-up...