Multiple diode laser

Harnessing the power of light and its photonic energy is a powerful tool in biomedical applications. Its use ranges from biomaterials processing and fabrication of polymers to diagnostics and therapeutics. Dental light curable materials have evolved over several decades and now offer very fast (≤ 10 s) and reliable polymerization through depth (4-6 mm thick). This has been achieved by developments on two fronts: (1) chemistries with more efficient light absorption characteristics (camphorquinone [CQ], ~30 L mol-1 cm1 [ʎmax 470 nm]; monoacylphosphine oxides [MAPO], ~800 L mol-1 cm-1 [ʎmax 385 nm]; bisacylphosphine oxide [BAPO], ~1,000 L mol-1 cm-1 [ʎmax 385 nm]) as well mechanistically efficient and prolonged radical generation processes during and after light irradiation, and; (2) introducing light curing technologies (light emitting diodes [LEDs] and less common lasers) with higher powers (≤ 2 W), better spectral range using multiple diodes (short: 390-405 nm; intermediate: 410-450 nm; and long: 450-480 nm), and better spatial power distribution (i...

The study aimed to explore the impact of a novel near-infrared LED (nNIR) with an extended spectrum on skin enhancement and hair growth. Various LED sources, including White and nNIRs, were compared across multiple parameters: cytotoxicity, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduction, skin thickness, collagen synthesis, collagenase expression, and hair follicle growth. Experiments were conducted on human skin cells and animal models. Cytotoxicity, ATP synthesis, and ROS reduction were evaluated in human skin cells exposed to nNIRs and Whites...

Lasers for light scattering measurement and fluorescence excitation are essential components of all flow cytometers. Flow cytometers now typically rely on multiple laser wavelengths allowing excitation of a constantly increasing variety of fluorescent probes. The expanding use of spectral flow cytometry to increase the magnitude of multiparametric analysis is also changing the significance of laser choice in cytometry. In this chapter, we review the lasers available for flow cytometry and provide guidance in choosing laser wavelengths and characteristics to best match the needs of modern cell analysis by both conventional and spectral cytometry...

BACKGROUND: Unstable cerebral hemodynamics places preterm infants at high risk of brain injury. We adapted an innovative, fiber-free, wearable diffuse speckle contrast flow-oximetry (DSCFO) device for continuous monitoring of both cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygenation in neonatal piglets and preterm infants. METHODS: DSCFO uses two small laser diodes as focused-point and a tiny CMOS camera as a high-density two-dimensional detector to detect spontaneous spatial fluctuation of diffuse laser speckles for CBF measurement, and light intensity attenuations for cerebral oxygenation measurement...

The geometric structure of the BAs/WTe2 heterojunction was scrutinized by employing ab initio calculations grounded on Density Functional Theory (DFT). Multiple configurations are constructed to determine the equilibrium state of the heterojunction with optimal stability. The results show that the H1-type heterojunction with interlayer distance of 3.92Å exhibits exceptional stability and showcases a conventional Type-II band alignment, accompanied by a direct band gap measuring 0.33 eV. By applying external electric field and introducing strain, one can efficaciously modulate both the band gap and the quantity of charge transfer in the heterojunction, accompanied by the transition of band alignment from Type-II to Type-I, which makes it expected to achieve broader applications in light-emitting diodes, laser detectors and other fields...

Pulmonary metastasectomy (PM) is consensually performed in a parenchyma-sparing manner to preserve functionally healthy lung tissue. However, this may increase the risk of local recurrence at the surgical margin. Laser assisted pulmonary metastasectomy (LPM) is a relatively recent innovation that is especially useful to resect multiple metastatic pulmonary nodules. In this study we investigated the rate of local recurrence after LPM and evaluated the influence of various clinical and pathological factors on local recurrence...

The leakage of the electronic current of a laser diode (LD) has some significant influences on the performance of the LD. In this study, commercial simulation software LASTIP is used to numerically evaluate the performances of LDs by using different wavelengths and Al contents of the electron blocking layer (EBL). These LDs a adopt multilayer structure, which contains cladding layers, waveguide layers, multiple quantum well layers, contact layers and an Alx Ga1-x N EBL. The influence mechanism of EBL is theoretically examined by analyzing the simulated performances...

We investigate the subsurface composition of turbid materials at the micro scale by means of a portable non-invasive technique, micro-spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (micro-SORS), combined with shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS). This combination enables the microscale layer analysis and allows to deal effectively with highly fluorescing samples as well as ambient light, all in a form of an in-house portable prototype device optimised for applications in heritage science. The instrument comprises ability to simultaneously collect multiple spectra by means of an optical fibre bundle, thus reducing the dead time and simplifying the ease of deployment of the technique...

AIM: To explore the effect of photobiomodulation on quadriceps strength and endurance torques in asymptomatic adults. METHODS: Twenty-eight asymptomatic adults were randomized to one of two interventions: photobiomodulation (n = 14) or sham (n = 14). Quadriceps strength was evaluated by maximum voluntary isometric contraction test (60°) and endurance by an elastic resistance in multiple-set knee extension/flexion repetitions using a traction dynamometer...

ZnO-based heterostructures are up-and-coming candidates for terahertz (THz) optoelectronic devices, largely owing to their innate material attributes. The significant ZnO LO-phonon energy plays a pivotal role in mitigating thermally induced LO-phonon scattering, potentially significantly elevating the temperature performance of quantum cascade lasers (QCLs). In this work, we calculate the electronic structure and absorption of ZnO/ZnMgO multiple semiconductor quantum wells (MQWs) and the current density-voltage characteristics of nonpolar m-plane ZnO/ZnMgO double-barrier resonant tunnelling diodes (RTDs)...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to compare and evaluate the depth of penetration of an epoxy resin-based sealer following a final rinse of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 18% 1-hydroxyethylidene 1, 1-diphosphonate (HEDP), with diode laser and passive ultrasonic activation (PUI): an in vitro confocal laser scanning microscopy study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-two extracted human mandibular premolar teeth with single root and single canal were selected...

III-V semiconductor nanowire (NW) heterostructures with axial InGaAs active regions hold large potential for diverse on-chip device applications, including site-selectively integrated quantum light sources, NW lasers with high material gain, as well as resonant tunneling diodes and avalanche photodiodes. Despite various promising efforts toward high-quality single or multiple axial InGaAs heterostacks using noncatalytic growth mechanisms, the important roles of facet-dependent shape evolution, crystal defects, and the applicability to more universal growth schemes have remained elusive...

In the realm of cerebrovascular monitoring, primary metrics typically include blood pressure, which influences cerebral blood flow (CBF) and is contingent upon vessel radius. Measuring CBF non-invasively poses a persistent challenge, primarily attributed to the difficulty of accessing and obtaining signal from the brain. This study aims to introduce a compact speckle visibility spectroscopy (SVS) device designed for non-invasive CBF measurements, offering cost-effectiveness and scalability while tracking CBF with remarkable sensitivity and temporal resolution...

We describe an apparatus where many species of ultracold atoms can be simultaneously trapped and overlapped with many species of ions in a Paul trap. Several design innovations are made to increase the versatility of the apparatus while keeping the size and cost reasonable. We demonstrate the operation of a three-dimensional (3D) magneto-optical trap (MOT) of 7Li using a single external cavity diode laser. The 7Li MOT is loaded from an atomic beam, with atoms slowed using a Zeeman slower designed to work simultaneously for Li and Sr...

The multiple wavelength diode laser (MWDL) is a sophisticated device designed to target deeper skin layers by emitting various wavelengths. Its unique feature is the ability to deliver heat to specific depths within the tissue using different wavelengths while simultaneously cooling the skin surface. Recent research by Choi et al. suggests that wavelengths of 755 and 810 nm can induce carbonization in hair follicles, while the 1064 nm wavelength penetrates deeper into tissues. MWDL has been proposed for fat redistribution in aging, but concerns have been raised regarding ocular safety and potential tissue damage, particularly when used near the eyes...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether laser-mediated assisted hatching (AH) performed on vitrified/warmed blastocysts before embryo transfer can improve live birth rate. DESIGN: The "pArtiaL zonA pelluciDa removal by assisteD hatchINg of blastocysts (ALADDIN)" is a 2-center comparative study with a parallel randomized controlled design. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENTS: Participants were recruited between September 2018 and November 2021...

Twisted van der Waals (vdW) quantum materials have emerged as a rapidly developing field of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors. These materials establish a new central research area and provide a promising platform for studying quantum phenomena and investigating the engineering of novel optoelectronic properties such as single photon emission, nonlinear optical response, magnon physics, and topological superconductivity. These captivating electronic and optical properties result from, and can be tailored by, the interlayer coupling using moiré patterns formed by vertically stacking atomic layers with controlled angle misorientation or lattice mismatch...

BACKGROUND: The low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) have been recently applied to control pain during orthodontic treatment. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of LLLT and LIPUS in reducing pain induced by orthodontic separation. STUDY DESIGN: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial. METHODS: One hundred and fifty patients were randomly assigned into three groups; LLLT group, LIPUS group, and control group...

BACKGROUND: Sebaceous hyperplasia (SH) is a common, benign but cosmetically bothersome skin condition preferentially affecting older adults. Despite multiple treatment options, there is no universally accepted first-line treatment for SH nor standard pricing for said approaches.  Methods: A survey aimed at evaluating treatment approaches and their respective costs was disseminated on the Orlando Dermatology Aesthetic and Clinical Conference email listserv.  Results: Out of 224 dermatologists who participated in the survey (response rate 9...

Objective: The submandibular gland (SMG) produces the most saliva, and factors such as aging and chemotherapy can affect its structure and function. However, there are only temporary treatments available for salivary hypofunction. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on the function of SMG by using a rat animal model and vismodegib, an antagonist of the sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway. Methods: Vismodegib (10 mg/kg) drug was gavaged orally for 14 days in rats to significantly decrease the SHH signaling proteins (SHH, protein patched homolog 1 [PTCH1], smoothened protein [SMO], glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 [GLI1]), induce damage in SMG tissue, and affect salivary functional markers AQP5 and Keratin5...