Stearidonic acid

BACKGROUND: Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), belonging to ω-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3-LC-PUFAs), are essential components of human diet. They are mainly supplemented by marine fish consumption, although their native producers are oleaginous microalgae. Currently, increasing demand for fish oils is insufficient to meet the entire global needs, which puts pressure on searching for the alternative solutions. One possibility may be metabolic engineering of plants with an introduced enzymatic pathway producing ω3-LC-PUFAs...

Empirically, in Indonesia, the leaves of Cassia alata L. (candle bush or ketepeng cina) have been used as a topical antifungal agent. Malassezia furfur is a natural microorganism found in the human body. It is among the factors contributing to conditions such as pityriasis versicolor, a common, benign, superficial fungal infection of the skin that is closely associated with seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff. This study aimed to explore C. alata leaves, starting from determining antifungal activity against M...

OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to determine differences in Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) scores among minorities (African-Americans and Hispanics) with acute pancreatitis (AP) compared with non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) with AP. The secondary objectives were to determine differences in diet, sulfidogenic bacteria gene copy numbers (gcn) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels between the 2 groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with AP were enrolled during hospitalization (n = 54)...

INTRODUCTION: Pre-hypertension is a prevalent condition among the adult population worldwide. It is characterized by asymptomatic elevations in blood pressure beyond normal levels but not yet reaching the threshold for hypertension. If left uncontrolled, pre-hypertension can progress to hypertension, thereby increasing the risk of serious complications such as heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, and others. OBJECTIVE: The precise mechanisms driving the progression of hypertension remain unknown...

BACKGROUND: Dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may have a protective effect on the development of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, depression and cancer, while a high intake of n-6 PUFA was often reported to be associated with inflammation-related traits. The effect of PUFAs on health outcomes might be mediated by DNA methylation (DNAm). The aim of our study is to identify the impact of PUFA intake on DNAm in the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) FF4 cohort and the Leiden Longevity Study (LLS)...

The assessment of "omics" signatures may contribute to personalized medicine and precision nutrition. However, the existing literature is still limited in the homogeneity of participants' characteristics and in limited assessments of integrated omics layers. Our objective was to use post-prandial metabolomics and fasting proteomics to identify biological pathways and functions associated with diet quality in a population of primarily Hispanic young adults. We conducted protein and metabolite-wide association studies and functional pathway analyses to assess the relationships between a priori diet indices, Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diets, and proteins ( n = 346) and untargeted metabolites ( n = 23,173), using data from the MetaAIR study ( n = 154, 61% Hispanic)...

The pollution and toxic effects of hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and divalent nickel [Ni(II)] have become worldwide public health issues. However, the potential detailed effects of chronic combined Cr(VI) and Ni exposure on colonic inflammation in mice have not been reported. In this study, 16S rDNA sequencing, metabolomics data analysis, qPCR and other related experimental techniques were used to comprehensively explore the mechanism of toxic damage and the inflammatory response of the colon in mice under the co-toxicity of chronic hexavalent chromium and nickel...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The very-long chain (VLC) omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) promote optimal development, physiological function and healthy ageing and help to manage disease. EPA and DHA are sourced mainly from fish, which is not sustainable. This review explores alternative sustainable sources. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent research confirms that higher intake and status of EPA and DHA are associated with health benefits including lower risk of incident type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease mortality...

Feeding effects are crucial for evaluating the capacity of zooplankton to regulate phytoplankton populations within freshwater ecosystems. To examine the impact of the bloom-forming cyanobacteria Raphidiopsis raciborskii , which occurs in tropical and subtropical freshwaters, on the growth of zooplankton Daphnia in relation to toxins, filament length and fatty acid content, we fed D. magna with R. raciborskii only (cylindrospermopsin (CYN)-producing and non-CYN-producing, as the negative controls), Chlorella pyrenoidosa only (as the positive control) and a mixed diet containing R...

In veterinary medicine, natural products provide an alternative to chemical agents for mite management. In the present study, the acaricidal efficacy of  Urtica fissa leaf ethyl acetate extract against Sarcoptes scabiei mites was examined. The chemical composition of the extract was determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. The ethyl acetate extract was found to be extremely toxic to mites at a concentration of 100 mg/ml (m/v), killing all S...

Ahiflower® oil is high in α-linolenic and stearidonic acids, however, tissue/blood docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) turnover from dietary Ahiflower oil has not been investigated. In this study, we use compound-specific isotope analysis to determine tissue DHA synthesis/turnover from Ahiflower, flaxseed and DHA oils. Pregnant BALB/c mice (13-17 days) were placed on a 2 % algal DHA oil diet of high carbon-13 content (δ13 C) and pups (n = 132) were maintained on the diet until 9 weeks old...

BACKGROUND: Microspore culture is one of the important biotechnological tools in plant breeding. The induction of microspore embryogenesis is a critical factor that affects the yield of microspore-derived embryo productions. Cold treatment has been reported to reprogram the gametophytic pathway in various plant species. However, the exact mechanism(s) underlying the effect of cold pre-treatment of floral buds on the efficiency of ME is still not clear. RESULTS: In this study, the effects of cold stress on the microspore totipotency of rice cultivar Zhonghua 11 were investigated...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterium that causes metal deterioration by forming biofilms on metal surfaces. This work was carried out to analyze the antibacterial activity and the phenolic and flavonoid contents of the Moringa oleifera leaf extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa . M. oleifera leaves were extracted in a methanol solution at different concentrations. The M. oleifera leaf extract yields were 12.84%, 18.96%, and 19.64% for the 100%, 75%, and 50% methanol ratios, respectively. Extracts of M. oleifera leaves had a minimum inhibiting concentration (MIC) of approximately 6144  μ g/mL against P...

Chemical composition, amino acids (AAs), and fatty acid (FAs) profiles, and health and nutrition values of breast muscle of ROSS 308 broiler chickens were studied after being slaughtered at 28, 35, 42, and 49 d of age (n = 126 males and 126 females/slaughter age). The slaughter age significantly affected some AAs levels including glutamic acid, valine, isoleucine, histidine, and leucine, and some FAs level including capric acid, tetradecanoic acid, eicosanoic acid, total saturated fatty acids, 9-pentadecenoic acid, hexadecatetraenoic acid, α-linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, linoleic acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, adrenic acid, omega 6, sum polyunsaturated fatty acids (Ʃ PUFAs), and unsaturation index...

This study was conducted to evaluate the cognitive dysfunction improvement effect of aqueous extract of Codium fragile (AECF) by regulating the imbalance of the gut-brain axis in chronic particulate matter (PM)2.5 -exposed mice. The physiological compounds of AECF were identified as hexadecanamide, oleamide, octadecanamide, stearidonic acid, and linolenic acid by the ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC Q-TOF MSE ) analysis. To evaluate the effect of PM2...

Studies from our laboratory over the past decade have yielded new information with regard to the dietary enrichment of eggs and poultry meat with omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) but have also generated a number of unanswered questions. In this review, we summarize the novel findings from this work, identify knowledge gaps, and offer possible explanations for some perplexing observations. Specifically discussed are: 1) Why feeding laying hens and broilers an oil rich in stearidonic acid (SDA; 18:4 n-3), which theoretically bypasses the putative rate-limiting step in the hepatic n-3 PUFA biosynthetic pathway, does not enrich egg yolks and tissues with very long-chain (VLC; ≥20 C) n-3 PUFA to the same degree as obtained by feeding birds oils rich in preformed VLC n-3 PUFA; 2) Why in hens fed an SDA-rich oil, SDA fails to accumulate in egg yolk but is readily incorporated into adipose tissue; 3) How oils rich in oleic acid (OA; 18:1 n-9), when co-fed with various sources of n-3 PUFA, attenuates egg and tissue n-3 PUFA contents or rescues egg production when co-fed with a level of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 n-3) that causes severe hypotriglyceridemia; and 4) Why the efficiency of VLC n-3 PUFA deposition into eggs and poultry meat is inversely related to the dietary content of α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3 n-3), SDA, or DHA...

BACKGROUND: Omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are of interest because of their health effects. However, most experiments use natural oils and are confounded by PUFA level and other FA that impact biosynthesis of the very long chain derivatives (VLC). OBJECTIVES: To directly compare the effect of 18 C n-3 or n-6 FA fed at similar rates on their elongation and desaturation to VLC PUFA and their incorporation into tissues. METHODS: Oil blends that substituted ⁓23 percent points of stearidonic acid (SDA) with alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), or linoleic acid (LA) while minimizing differences in other FA were prepared...

Accumulated clinical and biomedical evidence suggests that abnormalities in systemic metabolic processes such as fatty acid and amino acid metabolism can affect the brain function and behavior of various central nervous system diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, metabolic profiling was used to investigate changes in plasma and urine metabolites following stereotactic injection of amyloid β (Aβ) and treatment with donepezil in rats. Aβ causes cognitive impairment, while donepezil treatment successfully improves memory impairment...

The capacity to biosynthesise long-chain (≥C20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) depends upon the complement and function of key enzymes commonly known as fatty acyl desaturases and elongases. The presence of a Δ5/Δ6 desaturase enabling the biosynthesis of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA) through the "Sprecher pathway" has been reported in Chelon labrosus. Research in other teleosts have demonstrated that LC-PUFA biosynthesis can be modulated by diet and ambient salinity. The present study aimed to assess the combined effects of partial dietary replacement of fish oil (FO) by vegetable oil (VO) and reduced ambient salinity (35 ppt vs 20 ppt) on the fatty acid composition of muscle, enterocytes and hepatocytes of C...

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease affecting thousands of people. There are still no effective biomarkers for SLE diagnosis and disease activity assessment. We performed proteomics and metabolomics analyses of serum from 121 SLE patients and 106 healthy individuals, and identified 90 proteins and 76 metabolites significantly changed. Several apolipoproteins and the metabolite arachidonic acid were significantly associated with disease activity. Apolipoprotein A-IV (APOA4), LysoPC(16:0), punicic acid and stearidonic acid were correlated with renal function...