keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531232/staging-laparoscopy-in-gastric-cancer-patients-from-a-dutch-nationwide-delphi-consensus-towards-a-standardized-protocol
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Karen van der Sluis, Niels A D Guchelaar, Lianne Triemstra, Ron H J Mathijssen, Jelle P Ruurda, Bas P L Wijnhoven, Johanna W van Sandick
BACKGROUND: Staging laparoscopy is a common diagnostic tool in gastric cancer, but its performance varies widely. The aim of this study was to gain Dutch nationwide consensus regarding the indications for and execution of staging laparoscopy in patients with gastric cancer. METHODS: All surgeons in the Netherlands specialized in gastric cancer surgery (n = 52) were asked to participate in a Delphi consensus study. The study involved an initial questionnaire with a 3-point Likert scale, an online consensus meeting, and a second questionnaire using a 2-point Likert scale (agree/disagree)...
March 19, 2024: European Journal of Surgical Oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530865/solvation-shifts-the-band-edge-position-of-colloidal-quantum-dots-by-nearly-1-ev
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yan B Vogel, Le Nhan Pham, Maarten Stam, Reinout F Ubbink, Michelle L Coote, Arjan J Houtepen
The optoelectronic properties of colloidal quantum dots (cQDs) depend critically on the absolute energy of the conduction and valence band edges. It is well known these band-edge energies are sensitive to the ligands on the cQD surface, but it is much less clear how they depend on other experimental conditions, like solvation. Here, we experimentally determine the band-edge positions of thin films of PbS and ZnO cQDs via spectroelectrochemical measurements. To achieve this, we first carefully evaluate and optimize the electrochemical injection of electrons and holes into PbS cQDs...
March 26, 2024: Journal of the American Chemical Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530729/badcm-invisible-backdoor-attack-against-cross-modal-learning
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zheng Zhang, Xu Yuan, Lei Zhu, Jingkuan Song, Liqiang Nie
Despite remarkable successes in unimodal learning tasks, backdoor attacks against cross-modal learning are still underexplored due to the limited generalization and inferior stealthiness when involving multiple modalities. Notably, since works in this area mainly inherit ideas from unimodal visual attacks, they struggle with dealing with diverse cross-modal attack circumstances and manipulating imperceptible trigger samples, which hinders their practicability in real-world applications. In this paper, we introduce a novel bilateral backdoor to fill in the missing pieces of the puzzle in the cross-modal backdoor and propose a generalized invisible backdoor framework against cross-modal learning (BadCM)...
March 26, 2024: IEEE Transactions on Image Processing: a Publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530675/early-physician-gestalt-versus-usual-screening-tools-for-the-prediction-of-sepsis-in-critically-ill-emergency-patients
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sarah K S Knack, Nathaniel Scott, Brian E Driver, Matthew E Prekker, Lauren Page Black, Charlotte Hopson, Ellen Maruggi, Olivia Kaus, Walker Tordsen, Michael A Puskarich
STUDY OBJECTIVE: Compare physician gestalt to existing screening tools for identifying sepsis in the initial minutes of presentation when time-sensitive treatments must be initiated. METHODS: This prospective observational study conducted with consecutive encounter sampling took place in the emergency department (ED) of an academic, urban, safety net hospital between September 2020 and May 2022. The study population included ED patients who were critically ill, excluding traumas, transfers, and self-evident diagnoses...
March 25, 2024: Annals of Emergency Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530284/structure-and-internal-dynamics-of-short-rna-duplexes-determined-by-a-combination-of-pulsed-epr-methods-and-md-simulations
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maximilian Gauger, Marcel Heinz, Anna-Lena J Halbritter, Lukas S Stelzl, Nicole Erlenbach, Gerhard Hummer, Snorri Th Sigurdsson, Thomas Prisner
We used EPR spectroscopy to characterize the structure of RNA duplexes and their internal twist, stretch and bending motions. We prepared eight 20 base-pair long RNA duplexes containing the rigid spin-label Çm, a cytidine analogue, at two positions and acquired orientation-selective PELDOR/DEER data. By using different frequency bands (X-, Q-, G-band), detailed information about the distance and orientation of the labels was obtained and provided insights into the global conformational dynamics of the RNA duplex...
March 26, 2024: Angewandte Chemie
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529402/large-gap-asymptotics-on-annuli-in-the-random-normal-matrix-model
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christophe Charlier
We consider a two-dimensional determinantal point process arising in the random normal matrix model and which is a two-parameter generalization of the complex Ginibre point process. In this paper, we prove that the probability that no points lie on any number of annuli centered at 0 satisfies large n asymptotics of the form <DispFormula><mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mtable><mml:mtr><mml:mtd><mml:mrow><mml:mo>exp</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msup><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>log</mml:mo><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>log</mml:mo><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mn>6</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>F</mml:mi><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>O</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mfrac><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mn>12</mml:mn></mml:mfrac></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mo>,</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mtd></mml:mtr></mml:mtable></mml:mrow></mml:math></DispFormula>where n is the number of points of the process...
2024: Mathematische Annalen
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529382/primary-pure-large-cell-neuroendocrine-carcinoma-of-the-urinary-bladder-a-case-report-and-literature-review
#27
Zhenpeng Sun, Xin Liang, Changcun Zhang, Shizhang Song, Jiangang Gao
BACKGROUND: The large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) of the urinary bladder is a rare malignancy. With its high aggressiveness and poor prognosis, the disease is often accompanied by metastasis or recurrence. The lack of specific clinical manifestations and imaging features causes considerable challenges for clinical diagnosis and treatment. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of LCNEC of the urinary bladder. The patient was a 79-year-old male admitted to our hospital with recurrent episodes of asymptomatic gross hematuria...
2024: Frontiers in Oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529269/on-decoding-of-rapid-motor-imagery-in-a-diverse-population-using-a-high-density-nirs-device
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christian Kothe, Grant Hanada, Sean Mullen, Tim Mullen
INTRODUCTION: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) aims to infer cognitive states such as the type of movement imagined by a study participant in a given trial using an optical method that can differentiate between oxygenation states of blood in the brain and thereby indirectly between neuronal activity levels. We present findings from an fNIRS study that aimed to test the applicability of a high-density (>3000 channels) NIRS device for use in short-duration (2 s) left/right hand motor imagery decoding in a diverse, but not explicitly balanced, subject population...
2024: Front Neuroergon
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528968/digital-empathy-in-behaviour-change-interventions-a-survey-study-on-health-coach-responses-to-patient-cues
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
E Rey Velasco, Z Demjén, T C Skinner
INTRODUCTION: Digital health coaching interventions for behaviour change (BC) are effective in addressing various health conditions. Implementing these requires accurate descriptions of components and health coaches (HC) delivery methods, alongside understanding patients' perceptions of these interactions. The HC-patient relationship significantly influences BC outcomes. Here, empathy is an important driver that enables HCs to offer tailored advice that resonates with patients' needs, fostering motivation...
2024: Digital Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528782/neural-representation-in-active-inference-using-generative-models-to-interact-with-and-understand-the-lived-world
#30
REVIEW
Giovanni Pezzulo, Leo D'Amato, Francesco Mannella, Matteo Priorelli, Toon Van de Maele, Ivilin Peev Stoianov, Karl Friston
This paper considers neural representation through the lens of active inference, a normative framework for understanding brain function. It delves into how living organisms employ generative models to minimize the discrepancy between predictions and observations (as scored with variational free energy). The ensuing analysis suggests that the brain learns generative models to navigate the world adaptively, not (or not solely) to understand it. Different living organisms may possess an array of generative models, spanning from those that support action-perception cycles to those that underwrite planning and imagination; namely, from explicit models that entail variables for predicting concurrent sensations, like objects, faces, or people-to action-oriented models that predict action outcomes...
March 25, 2024: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528545/the-chronically-ill-in-the-labour-market-are-they-hierarchically-sorted-by-education
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M Kamrul Islam, Egil Kjerstad, Håvard Thorsen Rydland
BACKGROUND: The chronically ill as a group has on average lower probability of employment compared to the general population, a situation that has persisted over time in many countries. Previous studies have shown that the prevalence of chronic diseases is higher among those with lower levels of education. We aim to quantify the double burden of low education and chronic illness comparing the differential probabilities of employment between the chronically ill with lower, medium, and high levels of education and how their employment rates develop over time...
March 25, 2024: International Journal for Equity in Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528343/where-the-small-things-are-modelling-edge-effects-on-mouse-lemur-population-density-and-distribution-in-northwestern-madagascar
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fernando Mercado Malabet, Malcolm Ramsay, Coral Chell, Bertrand Andriatsitohaina, Ute Radespiel, Shawn Lehman
Edge effects result from the penetration to varying depths and intensities, of abiotic and biotic conditions from the surrounding non-forest matrix into the forest interior. Although 70% of the world's forests are within 1 km of a forest edge, making edge effects a dominant feature of most forest habitats, there are few empirical data on inter-site differences in edge responses in primates. We used spatially explicit capture-recapture (SECR) models to determine spatial patterns of density for two species of mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus and Microcebus ravelobensis) in two forest landscapes in northwestern Madagascar...
March 25, 2024: American Journal of Primatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528321/acknowledging-religion-in-cognitive-behavioural-therapy-the-effect-on-alliance-treatment-expectations-and-credibility-in-a-video-vignette-study
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hibah Hassan, Sarah Lack, Paul M Salkovskis, Graham R Thew
OBJECTIVES: Developing mental health services which are accessible and acceptable to those from minority backgrounds continues to be a priority. In the United Kingdom, individuals who identify with a religion are underrepresented in Talking Therapies services as compared to those with no religion. This necessitates an understanding of how therapy is perceived. This online study explored the impact of explicitly acknowledging religion on anticipated alliance, treatment credibility and expectations of therapy in a non-clinical sample of British Muslims...
March 25, 2024: British Journal of Clinical Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528081/predicting-the-thermal-distribution-in-a-convective-wavy-fin-using-a-novel-training-physics-informed-neural-network-method
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
K Chandan, Rania Saadeh, Ahmad Qazza, K Karthik, R S Varun Kumar, R Naveen Kumar, Umair Khan, Atef Masmoudi, M Modather M Abdou, Walter Ojok, Raman Kumar
Fins are widely used in many industrial applications, including heat exchangers. They benefit from a relatively economical design cost, are lightweight, and are quite miniature. Thus, this study investigates the influence of a wavy fin structure subjected to convective effects with internal heat generation. The thermal distribution, considered a steady condition in one dimension, is described by a unique implementation of a physics-informed neural network (PINN) as part of machine-learning intelligent strategies for analyzing heat transfer in a convective wavy fin...
March 25, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38526976/affinity-targeting-of-therapeutic-proteins-to-the-bone-surface-local-delivery-of-sclerostin-neutralizing-antibody-enhances-efficacy
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Boya Zhang, W Benton Swanson, Margaret Durdan, Heather N Livingston, Michaela Dodd, Sachith M Vidanapathirana, Alec Desai, Lindsey Douglas, Yuji Mishina, Megan Weivoda, Colin F Greineder
Currently available biotherapeutics for the treatment of osteoporosis lack explicit mechanisms for bone localization, potentially limiting efficacy and inducing unintended off-target toxicities. While various strategies have been explored for targeting the bone surface, critical aspects remain poorly understood, including the optimal affinity ligand, the role of binding avidity and circulation time, and, perhaps most importantly, whether or not this strategy can enhance the functional activity of clinically relevant protein therapeutics...
March 25, 2024: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38526901/designing-universally-approximating-deep-neural-networks-a-first-order-optimization-approach
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhoutong Wu, Mingqing Xiao, Cong Fang, Zhouchen Lin
Universal approximation capability, also referred to as universality, is an important property of deep neural networks, endowing them with the potency to accurately represent the underlying target function in learning tasks. In practice, the architecture of deep neural networks largely influences the performance of the models. However, most existing methodologies for designing neural architectures, such as the heuristic manual design or neural architecture search, ignore the universal approximation property, thus losing a potential safeguard about the performance...
March 25, 2024: IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38526893/vsformer-mining-correlations-in-flexible-view-set-for-multi-view-3d-shape-understanding
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hongyu Sun, Yongcai Wang, Peng Wang, Haoran Deng, Xudong Cai, Deying Li
View-based methods have demonstrated promising performance in 3D shape understanding. However, they tend to make strong assumptions about the relations between views or learn the multi-view correlations indirectly, which limits the flexibility of exploring inter-view correlations and the effectiveness of target tasks. To overcome the above problems, this paper investigates flexible organization and explicit correlation learning for multiple views. In particular, we propose to incorporate different views of a 3D shape into a permutation-invariant set, referred to as View Set, which removes rigid relation assumptions and facilitates adequate information exchange and fusion among views...
March 25, 2024: IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38526088/priorities-opportunities-and-challenges-for-integrating-microorganisms-into-earth-system-models-for-climate-change-prediction
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
J T Lennon, R Z Abramoff, S D Allison, R M Burckhardt, K M DeAngelis, J P Dunne, S D Frey, P Friedlingstein, C V Hawkes, B A Hungate, S Khurana, S N Kivlin, N M Levine, S Manzoni, A C Martiny, J B H Martiny, N K Nguyen, M Rawat, D Talmy, K Todd-Brown, M Vogt, W R Wieder, E J Zakem
Climate change jeopardizes human health, global biodiversity, and sustainability of the biosphere. To make reliable predictions about climate change, scientists use Earth system models (ESMs) that integrate physical, chemical, and biological processes occurring on land, the oceans, and the atmosphere. Although critical for catalyzing coupled biogeochemical processes, microorganisms have traditionally been left out of ESMs. Here, we generate a "top 10" list of priorities, opportunities, and challenges for the explicit integration of microorganisms into ESMs...
March 25, 2024: MBio
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38526045/a-scoping-review-of-interprofessional-simulation-based-team-training-programs
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Naike Bochatay, Mindy Ju, Bridget C O'Brien, Sandrijn M van Schaik
Interprofessional simulation-based team training (ISBTT) is promoted as a strategy to improve collaboration in healthcare, and the literature documents benefits on teamwork and patient safety. Teamwork training in healthcare is traditionally grounded in crisis resource management (CRM), but it is less clear whether ISBTT programs explicitly take the interprofessional context into account, with complex team dynamics related to hierarchy and power. This scoping review examined key aspects of published ISBTT programs including (1) underlying theoretical frameworks, (2) design features that support interprofessional learning, and (3) reported behavioral outcomes...
March 25, 2024: Simulation in Healthcare: Journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525267/estimating-implicit-and-explicit-racial-and-ethnic-bias-among-community-pharmacists-in-canada
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fahad Alzahrani, Nancy Waite, Michael Beazely, Martin Cooke
BACKGROUND: Bias, whether implicit (unconscious) or explicit (conscious), can lead to preferential treatment of specific social groups and antipathy towards others. When healthcare professionals (HCPs), including pharmacists, act on these biases, patient care and health outcomes can be adversely affected. This study aims to estimate implicit and explicit racial/ethnic bias towards Black and Arab people among community pharmacists in Ontario, Canada. METHODS: Community pharmacists participated in a secure, web-based survey using a cross-sectional design that included Harvard's Race and Arab Implicit Association Tests (IATs) to examine bias towards Black and Arab people...
May 2024: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal: SPJ: the Official Publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society
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