EM simulation

Boot camps are designed to deliver highly specific education in a short amount of time. Educational boot camps are known to improve confidence in clinical capabilities and medical knowledge and promote teamwork skills. We created an emergency medicine (EM) boot camp with targeted learning objectives based on expected mastery of post-graduate year (PGY)-level educational objectives based on the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) EM milestones. This boot camp included a qualitative assessment, survey-based feedback, and quantitative assessment, which included the team's performance utilizing a validated code team checklist (Cardiac Code Management Assessment Tool)...

In radio wave hyperthermia therapy, array antenna configuration was mainly studied to generate a small spot at the diseased part. Array antennas have the flexibility in controlling radiation performance, such as spot positions, by using their numerous radiating elements. However, the flexibility is achieved at the expense of antenna structure complexity. On the other hand, a lens antenna can concentrate radio waves into a small spot by forming a lens shape. The simplicity of a lens antenna structure lends itself to easy handling in a practical application...

Human Na+ taurocholate co-transporting protein (hNTCP) is a key bile salt transporter to maintain enterohepatic circulation and is responsible for the recognition of hepatitis B and D viruses (HBV/HDV). Despite landmark cryo-EM studies revealing open-pore and inward-facing states of NTCP stabilized by antibodies, the transport mechanism remains largely unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we used molecular dynamics (MD) and enhanced sampling Metadynamics simulations to elucidate the intrinsic mechanism of hNTCP-mediated taurocholate acid (TCA) transport driven by Na+ -binding...

Single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has been shown to be effective in defining the structure of macromolecules, including protein complexes. Complexes adopt different conformations and compositions to perform their biological functions. In cryo-EM, the protein complexes are observed in solution, enabling the recording of images of the protein in multiple conformations. Various methods exist for capturing the conformational variability through analysis of cryo-EM data. Here, we analyzed the conformational variability in the hexameric AAA + ATPase p97, a complex with a six-fold rotational symmetric core surrounded by six flexible N-domains...

Copper transporting P-type (P1B-1 -) ATPases are essential for cellular homeostasis. Nonetheless, the E1-E1P-E2P-E2 states mechanism of P1B-1 -ATPases remains poorly understood. In particular, the role of the intrinsic metal binding domains (MBDs) is enigmatic. Here, four cryo-EM structures and molecular dynamics simulations of a P1B-1 -ATPase are combined to reveal that in many eukaryotes the MBD immediately prior to the ATPase core, MBD-1 , serves a structural role, remodeling the ion-uptake region. In contrast, the MBD prior to MBD-1 , MBD-2 , likely assists in copper delivery to the ATPase core...

Macrophage phagocytosis is critical for the immune response, homeostasis regulation and tissue repair. This intricate process involves complex changes in cell morphology, cytoskeletal reorganization, and various receptor-ligand interactions controlled by mechanical constraints. However, there is a lack of comprehensive theoretical and computational models that investigate the mechanical process of phagocytosis in the context of cytoskeletal rearrangement. To address this issue, we propose a novel coarse-grained mesoscopic model that integrates a fluid-like cell membrane and a cytoskeletal network to study the dynamic phagocytosis process...

Based on the coordination principle of Lewis acids, a 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (4-MPBA)-modified novel dumbbell-shaped Au-Ag nanorod (4-MPBA@DS Au-AgNR) substrate was developed, which could be combined with the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique to detect SO4 2- with high sensitivity and specificity. DS Au-AgNRs synthesized in this study with a dumbbell-shaped structure were verified by finite-difference time domain (FDTD) simulation to be capable of stimulating strong localized electromagnetic enhancement (EM) at nano-edge and gap, generating a large number of "hot spots" exhibiting excellent SERS performance...

BACKGROUND: Mass casualty incident (MCI) triage simulation is an increasingly useful tool for teaching triage systems to medical students, trainees, and hospital staff. MCI simulation in the prehospital setting has not yet been studied in this population. OBJECTIVES/AIMS: We aimed to assess the effectiveness of a prehospital MCI simulation in medical students, residents, and fellows. Our primary outcome was knowledge of the components of the triage algorithms used in MCI response...

This work represents a single layer wide band circular polarized (CP) antenna with broadside high gain. The antenna configuration comprises an elliptical patch serving as the main radiating element, accompanied by eight parasitic components positioned on the same plane as the patch. This setup demonstrates an enhancement in the antenna's bandwidth and gain in the broadside direction compared to conventional antennas. A detailed analysis of the significant modes, using the characteristic mode analysis (CMA) approach, has been employed to optimize the antenna...

OBJECTIVE: To design and fabricate a transmit/receive (T/R) radiofrequency (RF) coil array for MRI of the carotid arteries at 7 T with optimal shielding to improve transmit performance in parallel transmit (pTx) mode. METHODS: The carotid coil included 8 total RF elements, with left and right subarrays, each consisting of 4 overlapping loops with RF shields. Electromagnetic (EM) simulations were performed to optimize and improve the transmit performance of the array by determining the optimal distance between the RF shield and each subarray...

There has been ongoing debate about the efficacy and mechanism of action of neuromodulation devices in pain relief applications. It has recently been suggested that both issues may be resolved if electromagnetic theory is incorporated into the understanding and application of this technology, and we therefore undertook an in silico analysis to further explore this idea. We created a CAD replication of a standard neuromodulation electrode array with a generic linear 3/6 mm 8-contact lead, developed a parameterized algorithmic model for the pulse delivered by the device and assigned material properties to biologic media to accurately reflect their electromagnetic properties...

Arrest peptides containing RAPP (ArgAlaProPro) motifs have been discovered in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, where they are thought to regulate expression of important protein localization machinery components. Here we determine cryo-EM structures of ribosomes stalled on RAPP arrest motifs in both Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Together with molecular dynamics simulations, our structures reveal that the RAPP motifs allow full accommodation of the A-site tRNA, but prevent the subsequent peptide bond from forming...

Type IV pili (T4P) are prevalent, polymeric surface structures in pathogenic bacteria, making them ideal targets for effective vaccines. However, bacteria have evolved efficient strategies to evade type IV pili-directed antibody responses. Neisseria meningitidis are prototypical type IV pili-expressing Gram-negative bacteria responsible for life threatening sepsis and meningitis. This species has evolved several genetic strategies to modify the surface of its type IV pili, changing pilin subunit amino acid sequence, nature of glycosylation and phosphoforms, but how these modifications affect antibody binding at the structural level is still unknown...

Theory and design aspects of the Slotted Waveguide Antenna (SWA) array for the simultaneous generation of Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) modes are proposed in this paper. The proposed method is a novel approach to OAM generation that uses a simple feeding scheme and has better performance, especially in terms of mode purity. Due to its all-metallic structure, the high-power OAM beams with first-order modes ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mo>&</mml:mo> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) can be generated simultaneously along the propagation axis but in opposite directions, which improves the coverage and makes the proposed SWA be used in applications like radar target detection by mounting it on a mechanically rotating platform...

UNLABELLED: Recent dynamic lineage tracing technologies combine CRISPR-based genome editing with single-cell sequencing to track cell divisions during development. A key computational problem in dynamic lineage tracing is to infer a cell lineage tree from the measured CRISPR-induced mutations. Three features of dynamic lineage tracing data distinguish this problem from standard phylogenetic tree inference. First, the CRISPR-editing process modifies a genomic location exactly once. This non-modifiable property is not well described by the time-reversible models commonly used in phylogenetics...

Maximizing microwave passive component performance demands precise parameter tuning, particularly as modern circuits grow increasingly intricate. Yet, achieving this often requires a comprehensive approach due to their complex geometries and miniaturized structures. However, the computational burden of optimizing these components via full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations is substantial. EM analysis remains crucial for circuit reliability, but the expense of conducting rudimentary EM-driven global optimization by means of popular bio-inspired algorithms is impractical...

At the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), we are developing a high-precision apparatus with the aim of searching for the muon electric dipole moment (EDM) with unprecedented sensitivity. The underpinning principle of this experiment is the frozen-spin technique, a method that suppresses the spin precession due to the anomalous magnetic moment, thereby enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio for EDM signals. This increased sensitivity enables measurements that would be difficult to achieve with conventional <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www...

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) activate heterotrimeric G proteins by stimulating guanine nucleotide exchange in the Gα subunit1 . To visualize this mechanism, we developed a time-resolved cryo-EM approach that examines the progression of ensembles of pre-steady-state intermediates of a GPCR-G-protein complex. By monitoring the transitions of the stimulatory Gs protein in complex with the β2 -adrenergic receptor at short sequential time points after GTP addition, we identified the conformational trajectory underlying G-protein activation and functional dissociation from the receptor...

Intelligent metasurfaces have garnered widespread attention owing to their properties of sensing electromagnetic (EM) environments and multifunctional adaptive EM wave manipulation. However, intelligent metasurfaces with broadband high optical transparency have not been studied to date, and most of the previous intelligent metasurfaces lack an integrated design for their actuators and sensors, resulting in lower integration levels. This study proposes a novel intelligent metasurface with adaptive EM wave manipulation ability and high optical transparency from visible to infrared bands...

INTRODUCTION: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires emergency medicine (EM) residency training programs to monitor residents' progress using standardized milestones. The first assessment of PGY 1 resident milestones occurs midway through the first year and could miss initial deficiencies. Early assessment of PGY 1 EM resident milestones has potential to identify at-risk residents prior to standard midyear evaluations. We developed an orientation syllabus for PGY 1 residents followed by a milestone assessment...