keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36481231/paternal-pregnancy-related-anxiety-systematic-review-of-men-s-concerns-and-experiences-during-their-partners-pregnancies
#21
REVIEW
Carol Dabb, Rachel Dryer, Robyn J Brunton, Keong Yap, Vijay J Roach
BACKGROUND: Up to 25 % of expectant parents experience anxiety symptoms. Pregnancy-related anxiety is characterised by concerns and worries specific to pregnancy, childbirth, and the transition to parenthood. While pregnancy-related anxiety is well-researched in women, the exact nature of this construct in men is unclear. The purpose of the current review was to examine men's concerns, worries, and fears during pregnancy and gain an understanding of their experiences during pregnancy...
December 5, 2022: Journal of Affective Disorders
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36462456/performance-of-the-gad-7-in-adults-with-dissociative-seizures
#22
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Laura H Goldstein, Silia Vitoratou, Jon Stone, Trudie Chalder, Maria Baldellou Lopez, Alan Carson, Markus Reuber
PURPOSE: Little is known about the accuracy of the GAD-7, a self-report anxiety measure, in detecting generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) in people with dissociative seizures (DS). We evaluated the reliability, validity and uniformity of the GAD-7 using a diagnosis of GAD on the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview as a reference. METHODS: We assessed 368 adults with DS at the pre-randomisation phase of the CODES trial. Factor analysis for categorical data assessed GAD-7 uniformity...
January 2023: Seizure: the Journal of the British Epilepsy Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36371859/the-complex-nature-of-human-operant-gambling-behaviour-involving-slot-games-structural-characteristics-verbal-rules-and-motivation
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paul Delfabbro, Daniel King, Jonathan Parke
Gambling behaviour is likely to be strongly influenced by operant learning principles. Most forms of gambling, and most notably slot machine play, follow a random ratio (RR) schedule of reinforcement that should lead to rapid and extinction-resistant behaviour. In this paper we highlight the caveats that need to be applied when generalising animal models of learning to human behaviour. Studies need to be cognisant of the role of verbal rules and cognitive appraisals of contingency; the ability for participants to self-modify important elements of reward schedules; potential differences between concurrent and longitudinal schedule preferences; and, the role of important human motivations in financial decision-making...
November 1, 2022: Addictive Behaviors
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36178130/the-impact-of-child-psychiatric-conditions-on-future-educational-outcomes-among-a-community-cohort-in-brazil
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mauricio Scopel Hoffmann, David McDaid, Giovanni Abrahão Salum, Wagner Silva-Ribeiro, Carolina Ziebold, Derek King, Ary Gadelha, Eurípedes Constantino Miguel, Jair de Jesus Mari, Luis Augusto Rohde, Pedro Mario Pan, Rodrigo Affonseca Bressan, Ramin Mojtabai, Sara Evans-Lacko
AIMS: Mental health problems early in life can negatively impact educational attainment, which in turn have negative long-term effects on health, social and economic opportunities. Our aims were to: (i) estimate the impacts of different types of psychiatric conditions on educational outcomes and (ii) to estimate the proportion of adverse educational outcomes which can be attributed to psychiatric conditions. METHODS: Participants ( N = 2511) were from a school-based community cohort of Brazilian children and adolescents aged 6-14 years enriched for high family risk of psychiatric conditions...
October 28, 2021: Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36171075/emergency-medicine-resident-perspectives-on-well-being-during-covid-19-a-qualitative-study
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anish Agarwal, Hareena Sangha, Amanda Deutsch, Anthony Spadaro, Rachel Gonzales, Jacob Goldenring, Mira Mamtani, Lauren W Conlon, Kevin Scott
BACKGROUND: Emergency medicine (EM) clinician well-being has been negatively impacted throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Resident physicians are particularly vulnerable yet less is known about their perspectives. METHODS: The objective of this study was to use qualitative methods to understand EM residents' perspectives on well-being during COVID-19. EM residents at an urban, academic institution in the USA were recruited via email and participated in virtual, semi-structured interviews between November 2020 and February 2021...
September 28, 2022: Emergency Medicine Journal: EMJ
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36167865/restricting-movements-of-lower-face-leaves-recognition-of-emotional-vocalizations-intact-but-introduces-a-valence-positivity-bias
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kinga Wołoszyn, Mateusz Hohol, Michał Kuniecki, Piotr Winkielman
Blocking facial mimicry can disrupt recognition of emotion stimuli. Many previous studies have focused on facial expressions, and it remains unclear whether this generalises to other types of emotional expressions. Furthermore, by emphasizing categorical recognition judgments, previous studies neglected the role of mimicry in other processing stages, including dimensional (valence and arousal) evaluations. In the study presented herein, we addressed both issues by asking participants to listen to brief non-verbal vocalizations of four emotion categories (anger, disgust, fear, happiness) and neutral sounds under two conditions...
September 27, 2022: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36156196/creating-a-hierarchy-of-mental-health-stigma-testing-the-effect-of-psychiatric-diagnosis-on-stigma
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cassie M Hazell, Clio Berry, Leanne Bogen-Johnston, Moitree Banerjee
BACKGROUND: Levels of mental health stigma experienced can vary as a function of the presenting mental health problem (e.g. diagnosis and symptoms). However, these studies are limited because they exclusively use pairwise comparisons. A more comprehensive examination of diagnosis-specific stigma is needed. AIMS: The aim of our study was to determine how levels of mental health stigma vary in relation to a number of psychiatric diagnoses, and identify what attributions predict levels of diagnosis-specific stigma...
September 26, 2022: BJPsych Open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35993322/post-traumatic-growth-amongst-uk-armed-forces-personnel-who-were-deployed-to-afghanistan-and-the-role-of-combat-injury-mental-health-and-pain-the-advance-cohort-study
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daniel Dyball, Alexander N Bennett, Susie Schofield, Paul Cullinan, Christopher J Boos, Anthony M J Bull, Sharon A M Stevelink, Nicola T Fear
BACKGROUND: Post-traumatic growth (PTG) is a positive psychological consequence of trauma. The aims of this study were to investigate whether combat injury was associated with deployment-related PTG in a cohort of UK military personnel who were deployed to Afghanistan, and whether post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and pain mediate this relationship. METHODS: 521 physically injured ( n = 138 amputation; n = 383 non-amputation injury) and 514 frequency-matched uninjured personnel completed questionnaires including the deployment-related Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (DPTGI)...
August 2023: Psychological Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35851022/moral-and-exhausting-distress-working-in-the-frontline-of-covid-19-a-swedish-survey-during-the-first-wave-in-four-healthcare-settings
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mia Svantesson, Linda Durnell, Erik Hammarström, Gustav Jarl, Lars Sandman
OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence and sources of experienced moral stress and anxiety by Swedish frontline healthcare staff in the early phase of COVID-19. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey, quantitative and qualitative. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: 1074 healthcare professionals (75% nurses) in intensive, ward-based, primary and municipal care in one Swedish county. MEASURES: A study-specific closed-ended and an open-ended questionnaire about moral stress and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale measuring anxiety, followed by an open question about anxiety...
July 18, 2022: BMJ Open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35850732/imbalance-of-flight-freeze-responses-and-their-cellular-correlates-in-the-nlgn3-y-rat-model-of-autism
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Natasha J Anstey, Vijayakumar Kapgal, Shashank Tiwari, Thomas C Watson, Anna K H Toft, Owen R Dando, Felicity H Inkpen, Paul S Baxter, Zrinko Kozić, Adam D Jackson, Xin He, Mohammad Sarfaraz Nawaz, Aiman Kayenaat, Aditi Bhattacharya, David J A Wyllie, Sumantra Chattarji, Emma R Wood, Oliver Hardt, Peter C Kind
BACKGROUND: Mutations in the postsynaptic transmembrane protein neuroligin-3 are highly correlative with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and intellectual disabilities (IDs). Fear learning is well studied in models of these disorders, however differences in fear response behaviours are often overlooked. We aim to examine fear behaviour and its cellular underpinnings in a rat model of ASD/ID lacking Nlgn3. METHODS: This study uses a range of behavioural tests to understand differences in fear response behaviour in Nlgn3-/y  rats...
July 18, 2022: Molecular Autism
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35846496/validation-of-the-malay-version-of-the-covid-19-anxiety-scale-in-malaysia
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chin Siang Ang, Kai Wei Lee, Meng Chuan Ho, Siok Ping Voon, Siew Mooi Ching, Chai Eng Tan, Fan Kee Hoo, Pei Boon Ooi
Background: Malaysians are disillusioned with the increased number of COVID-19 infection cases and the prolonged lockdown period. As a result of COVID-19 mitigation measurements, Malaysians are experiencing emotional and psychological consequences such as anxiety. Thus, there is an urgent need to have an instrument that could serve as a tool to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 among Malaysians rapidly. Methods: This study aimed to adapt and validate the Malay version of the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale (M-CAS) among Malaysian adults...
June 2022: Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences: MJMS
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35747939/life-threatening-obsessive-compulsive-disorder-precipitated-by-the-covid-19-pandemic-in-an-adolescent
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ahrane Jayakumar, Javier Sanchez-Cerezo, Afshan Khayam, Brigitte Spreeuwenberg, Matthew Hodes
The COVID-19 pandemic starting in 2020 has had massive mental health consequences worldwide. It has caused generalised fear and anxiety about catching, spreading and suffering from the virus. This article describes a fictionalised patient's presentation of life-threatening obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) associated with fears of catching COVID-19. The fears resulted in refusal to eat and drink, with subsequent weight loss that required paediatric admission. The scenario portrays the association between COVID-19 and life-threatening OCD symptoms and goes on to illustrate the patient's good response to standard OCD treatments...
June 24, 2022: BJPsych Bulletin
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35742580/the-mental-health-impact-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-second-wave-on-shielders-and-their-family-members
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jo Daniels, Hannah Rettie
In March 2020, individuals shielding from coronavirus reported high rates of distress. This study investigated whether fear of contamination (FoC) and use of government-recommended behaviours (GRB; e.g., handwashing and wearing masks) were associated with psychological distress during February 2021. An online cross-sectional questionnaire assessed psychological distress in three groups (shielding self, shielding other/s, and control), and those shielding others also completed an adapted measure of health anxiety (α = 0...
June 15, 2022: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35739088/over-the-edge-extending-the-duration-of-a-reconsolidation-intervention-for-spider-fear
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna I Filmer, Jacqueline Peters, Lara A Bridge, Renée M Visser, Merel Kindt
Pharmacologically disrupting fear memory reconsolidation dramatically reduces fear behaviour. For example, 2-3 min of tarantula exposure followed by 40 mg of propranolol HCl (i.e., a reconsolidation intervention) abruptly decreased spider avoidance, an effect that persisted one year later. However, the success of reconsolidation interventions is not guaranteed: Pavlovian fear-conditioning research shows that the window to target memory reconsolidation is small and easy to miss. If exposure is too long to trigger reconsolidation, but too short for extinction learning, an inactive transitional limbo state occurs, rendering the fear memory unchanged and insensitive to amnesic agents...
June 23, 2022: Translational Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35729904/factors-affecting-anxiety-and-depression-during-the-first-wave-of-the-covid-19-pandemic-a-cross-sectional-study-of-three-different-populations
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cemile Hurrem Ayhan-Balik, Seda Karakaya, Fatma Yasemin Kutlu
Background: This paper was the first study comparing levels of anxiety and depression and assessing the affecting factors among the general population, frontline healthcare workers, and COVID-19 inpatients in Turkey during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. We collected data from the general population ( n  = 162), frontline healthcare workers ( n  = 131), and COVID-19 inpatients ( n  = 86) using Individual Characteristics Form, Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory in this cross-sectional study...
2022: Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35717965/mental-health-outcomes-of-male-uk-military-personnel-deployed-to-afghanistan-and-the-role-of-combat-injury-analysis-of-baseline-data-from-the-advance-cohort-study
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daniel Dyball, Alexander N Bennett, Susie Schofield, Paul Cullinan, Christopher J Boos, Anthony M J Bull, Simon Wessely, Sharon A M Stevelink, Nicola T Fear
BACKGROUND: The long-term psychosocial outcomes of UK armed forces personnel who sustained serious combat injuries during deployment to Afghanistan are largely unknown. We aimed to assess rates of probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and mental health-associated multimorbidity in a representative sample of serving and ex-serving UK military personnel with combat injuries, compared with rates in a matched sample of uninjured personnel. METHODS: This analysis used baseline data from the ADVANCE cohort study, in which injured individuals were recruited from a sample of UK armed forces personnel who were deployed to Afghanistan and had physical combat injuries, according to records provided by the UK Ministry of Defence...
July 2022: Lancet Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35655058/a-self-guided-online-cognitive-behavioural-therapy-to-reduce-fear-of-falling-in-older-people-a-randomised-controlled-trial
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mei Ling Lim, Mymy Tran, Kimberley S van Schooten, Kylie A Radford, Bridianne O'Dea, Peter Baldwin, Kim Delbaere
BACKGROUND: Traditional face-to-face cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has been successful at reducing fear of falling (FOF) in older people but can be labour-intensive and costly. Online CBT has been suggested as a cost-effective alternative but has not yet been tested in the context of FOF. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a readily available, self-guided and generalised online CBT program (myCompass) on reducing FOF in older people. METHODS: Fifty community-dwelling older people with FOF received a paper-based health education program, and half were randomly assigned to receive three selected modules from myCompass for 6 weeks...
June 2, 2022: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35574971/understanding-prescribed-dose-in-hand-strengthening-exercise-for-rheumatoid-arthritis-a-secondary-analysis-of-the-sarah-trial
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Graham Boniface, Maria T Sanchez-Santos, Meriel Norris, Neil OConnell, Esther Williamson, Sarah E Lamb
OBJECTIVE: 1) To identify therapist or participant characteristics associated with prescribed dose of hand strengthening exercise in adults with rheumatoid arthritis and 2) To determine the impact of dose prescribed on outcome (hand function and grip strength). METHODS: Overall dose was calculated using area under the curve (AUC). Analysis 1 assessed the association between therapist professional background, therapist grade, baseline participant physical and psychological characteristics and prescribed dose...
May 16, 2022: Musculoskeletal Care
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35541287/evidence-based-therapy-in-older-patients-with-heart-failure-with-reduced-ejection-fraction
#39
REVIEW
Davide Stolfo, Gianfranco Sinagra, Gianluigi Savarese
Older patients are becoming prevalent among people with heart failure (HF) as the overall population ages. However, older patients are largely under-represented, or even excluded, from randomised controlled trials on HF with reduced ejection fraction, limiting the generalisability of trial results in the real world and leading to weaker evidence supporting the use and titration of guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) in older patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction. This, in combination with other factors limiting the application of guideline recommendations, including a fear of poor tolerability or adverse effects, the heavy burden of comorbidities and the need for multiple therapies, classically leads to lower adherence to GDMT in older patients...
January 2022: Cardiac Failure Review
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35503408/conceptual-generalisation-in-fear-conditioning-using-single-and-multiple-category-exemplars-as-conditional-stimuli-electrodermal-responses-and-valence-evaluations-generalise-to-the-broader-category
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rachel R Patterson, Ottmar V Lipp, Camilla C Luck
Conceptual generalisation occurs when conditional responses generalise to novel stimuli from the same category. Past research demonstrates that physiological fear responses generalise across categories, however, conceptual generalisation of stimulus valence evaluations during fear conditioning has not been examined. We investigated whether conceptual generalisation, as indexed by electrodermal responses and stimulus evaluations, would occur, and differ after training with single or multiple conditional stimuli (CSs)...
May 3, 2022: Cognition & Emotion
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