Pediatric language delay

BACKGROUND: Cleft palatoplasty is typically performed around 10 to 12 months of age in the US, and delays can negatively affect speech development. Early during COVID-19, elective surgeries were canceled. The aims of this study were to (1) identify overall risk factors for greater age at palatoplasty and (2) analyze delays in palatoplasty during COVID-19. METHODS: This study was part of a larger prospective, multicenter comparative study of speech outcomes in palatoplasty...

Congenital cholesteatoma is a rare, non-neoplastic lesion that causes conductive hearing loss in children. It is underrecognized and often diagnosed only when there is an established hearing deficit. In the pediatric population, hearing deficiency is particularly detrimental because it can impede speech and language development and, in turn, the social and academic well-being of affected children. Delayed diagnosis leads to advanced disease that requires more extensive surgery and a greater chance of recurrence...

OBJECTIVE: In 2019, 22% of adults in the United States reported speaking a language other than English at home, representing 52% growth since 2000. This diversity in languages - and resulting possible communication barriers - represents a potential challenge to effective care. In this manuscript, we summarize clinical outcomes and healthcare utilization patterns of adult and pediatric neurosurgical patients who are non-English primary language speakers (NEPLS). METHODS: We systematically queried five databases from inception through October 2022...

BACKGROUND: Alpha mannosidosis is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the MAN2B1 gene. It manifests with clinical features, including intellectual disability, hearing impairment, coarse facial appearance, skeletal anomalies, immunodeficiency, central nervous system involvement, psychiatric comorbidities, corneal opacity, and hepatosplenomegaly. This multicenter study assesses the long-term outcomes of individuals diagnosed with alpha-mannosidosis, examining demographic, clinical, laboratory, and molecular characteristics...

OBJECTIVE: We investigated neuropsychological outcome in patients with pharmacoresistant pediatric-onset epilepsy caused by focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), who underwent frontal lobe resection during adolescence and young adulthood. METHODS: Twenty-seven patients were studied, comprising 15 patients who underwent language-dominant side resection (LDR) and 12 patients who had languagenondominant side resection (n-LDR). We evaluated intelligence (language function, arithmetic ability, working memory, processing speed, visuo-spatial reasoning), executive function, and memory in these patients before and two years after resection surgery...

BACKGROUND: Infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) would accompany with severe neurological impairment. Our study aimed to explore the potential mechanism by employing voxel-based and surface-based morphometry to detect brain microwould accompany with severe neurological impairment. Our study aimed to explore the potential mechanism by employing voxel-based and surface-based morphometry to detect brain microanatomic structure alteration. METHODS: The IESS group had 21 males and 13 females (mean age: 17...

OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that surgical otologic intervention for any type of pediatric hearing loss decreases the odds for incident adverse cognitive and linguistic developmental outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort database study. METHODS: Electronic medical record data from the TriNetX Research Network were queried for children with congenital, sensorineural, conductive, and mixed hearing loss (HL) between ages 0 and 5 years...

BACKGROUND: Late preterm infants (LPIs) are at risk of neurodevelopmental delay. Research on their cognitive development is helpful for early intervention and follow-up. METHODS: Event-related potential (ERP) and resting electroencephalography (RS-EEG) were used to study the brain cognitive function of LPIs in the early stage of life. The Gesell Developmental Scale (GDS) was used to track the neurodevelopmental status at the age of 1 year after correction, and to explore the neurophysiological indicators that could predict the outcome of cognitive development in the early stage...

BACKGROUND: Developmental delays in children are assessed in four basic domains: gross motor, fine motor, social, and language. Early years of life are crucial in a child's development, so it is imperative that parents be aware of developmental milestones to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment in case of a developmental delay. This study assessed parental knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding children's developmental milestones and associated "red flags". METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pediatrics at Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi...

INTRODUCTION: The Greenlandic population has one of the world's highest prevalence of otitis media (OM). Approximately 9-14% of all children suffer from OM during childhood. Due to the climate, lack of infrastructure, and minimal access to specialist services, the Greenlandic healthcare system operates under significant challenges. To support treatment implementation, we explored parental experiences of having a child with recurrent acute otitis media (rAOM) and chronic suppurative otitis media in Greenland (CSOM)...

OBJECTIVES: Children with cochlear nerve deficiency (CND) have wide variability in outcomes with cochlear implant (CI) use. The current study aims to report a large cohort of pediatric CI recipients with CND and to evaluate for factors that may predict improved performance. METHODS: The current study is a retrospective review of pediatric CI recipients with CND at a tertiary academic hospital. Variables including cochlear nerve status (hypoplasia vs aplasia), age at implantation, cochleovestibular malformation, bony cochlear nerve aperture, internal auditory canal aperture, and cognitive delay were evaluated for predictors of postoperative performance...

OBJECTIVES: The recent expansion of United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) eligibility for cochlear implantation (CI) to infants as young as 9 months has reignited debates about the clinically appropriate cut-off age for pediatric CI. Our study aims to compare early postoperative trajectory of receptive/expressive language development between CI before 9 months and between 9 to 12 months from the unique pediatric cohort where the etiology is documented and the decision on the timing of CI is based on the objective criteria, while minimizing parental socioeconomic influence...

OBJECTIVES: Identify potential barriers, delays, and missed opportunities in the prevention and diagnosis of childhood TB. METHODS: Scoping review according to the PRISMA extension. The definitions considered for the selection followed the acronym PCC where the population (P) is children under 18 years of age with TB disease, the concept (C) refers to missed opportunities for prevention and diagnosis, and context (C) is defined as a diagnosis of TB disease. The authors searched systematically in the databases; VHL/Lilacs, Medline via PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science, without date or language limitation...

BACKGROUND: Infants and toddlers with kidney failure are susceptible to neurodevelopmental delays due to medical comorbidities and rapid brain development in early childhood. However, research on the neuropsychological development of this patient population has been limited over the past 10 years. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study to evaluate the neurodevelopmental functioning of infants/toddlers with kidney failure who completed the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (3rd and 4th Edition) as part of a pretransplant evaluation between 2010 and 2022 (n = 23; Mage  = 18 months, SD = 8...

Arterial presumed perinatal ischemic stroke is a type of perinatal stroke that emerges due to late or delayed diagnostics of perinatal or neonatal arterial ischemic stroke. It is usually recognized before one year of life due to hemiparesis. This injury may lead to cognitive, behavioral, or motor symptoms, and life-long neurodevelopmental disabilities. In this case report, we describe a five-year-old girl with a history of arterial presumed perinatal ischemic stroke in the left hemisphere, which adversely affected her cognitive and language outcomes...

BACKGROUND: Batten disease is a rare, progressive neurogenetic disorder composed of 13 genotypes that often presents in childhood. Children present with seizures, vision loss, and developmental regression. Neurorehabilitation services (i.e., physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech-language therapy) can help improve the quality of life for children and their families. Owing to the rarity of Batten disease, there are no standardized clinical recommendations or outcome assessments...

BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) not only significantly improves survival rates in severely ill neonates but also is associated with long-term neurodevelopmental issues. To systematically review the available literature on the neurodevelopmental outcomes of neonates and infants who have undergone ECMO treatment, with a focus on motor deficits, cognitive impairments, sensory impairments, and developmental delays. This review aims to understand the incidence, prevalence, and risk factors for these problems and to explore current nursing care and management strategies...

Floating-Harbor syndrome (FHS) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by proportionately short stature, lack of expressive language, and distinctive facial features, including a large nose, long eyelashes, deeply set eyes, and a triangular face. We present a case of an 11-year-old Korean girl who was initially suspected of having Noonan-like syndrome but was later diagnosed with Floating-Harbor syndrome. The patient exhibited short stature, developmental language delay, dysmorphic facial features, and early puberty...

AIM: While deformational plagiocephaly (DP) is suspected to be associated with comorbidities, their nature and prevalence are unclear. This scoping review aims to report DP comorbidities occurring until the age of 2 years, their prevalence and whether they depend on the child's age and sex. METHODS: Relevant studies were identified by searching the Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed and EBSCO databases from 1992 to 30 April 2021. Data on study characteristics, comorbidities and assessment instruments were extracted and qualitatively synthesised...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In acute brain injury of neonates, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (RS) showed incremental association with consciousness, mortality, cognitive and motor development, and epilepsy, with correction for multiple comparisons, at six months postgestation in neonates with suspected acute brain injury (ABI). However, there are relatively few developmental milestones at six months to benchmark against, thus, we extended this cohort study to evaluate two-year outcomes...