Pediatric language delay

Infants who graduate from the neonatal intensive care unit, including those infants born preterm and/or with brain injury, are at increased risk of long-term neurodevelopmental impairments. The developmental allied health team, consisting of physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech pathology, is crucial in early evaluation of gross motor, fine motor, feeding, and language development. Surveillance of neurodevelopment in the first year of life is essential to ensure early detection of specific developmental delays and impairments, and to ensure timely referral for early intervention...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess barriers to rehabilitation care for pediatric cochlear implant (CI) recipients. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional questionnaire study. SETTING: Tertiary medical center. PATIENTS: Parents of children who received a CI from October 1996 to June 2013. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Factors related to access to and barriers in audiology and speech therapy services, factors related to CI use, and performance with CI using the Parents' Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children (PEACH)...

BACKGROUND: It is unknown how insurance status affects elements of evaluation at developmental behavioral (DB) pediatric sites. OBJECTIVE: To compare DB referrals, evaluation, and treatment for children with Medicaid and private insurance. DESIGN/METHODS: Fifty-six developmental behavioral pediatricians at 12 sites recorded anonymous data on structured forms for ≤15 consecutive referrals. Children with Medicaid (n = 309) and private insurance (n = 393) were compared on sociodemographic factors, referral concerns, evaluation elements, and resulting diagnoses...

BACKGROUND: The Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) was developed and standardized to measure functional performance in American children. So far, no published study has examined the use of the PEDI in sub-Saharan Africa. This study describes the adaptation, translation, and validation process undertaken to develop a culturally relevant PEDI for Uganda (PEDI-UG). METHOD: The cross-cultural adaptation and translation of the PEDI was performed in a series of steps...

OBJECTIVE: Intubation has been associated with laryngeal injury that often resolves spontaneously without complication. We present a case of a child intubated for less than 48 hours, who presented with dysphonia and intermittent dyspnea two months after intubation due to epiglottic and vocal process granulomas. This is unusual in that multiple granulomas were found in the posterior glottis and supraglottis after short-term intubation. Our objective was to determine if there are risk factors for developing persistent post-intubation sequelae, including the delayed presentation and unusual location of post-intubation granulomas in our case...

BACKGROUND: Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTI) are rare, life-threatening, soft-tissue infections characterized by rapidly spreading inflammation and necrosis of the skin, subcutaneous fat, and fascia. While it is widely accepted that delay in surgical debridement contributes to increased mortality, there are currently no practice management guidelines regarding the optimal timing of surgical management of this condition. Although debridement within 24 hours of diagnosis is generally recommended, the time ranges from 3 hours to 36 hours in the existing literature...

PURPOSE: Hard cochlear implant failures are diagnosed by objective tests whereas soft failures are suspected on the basis of clinical signs and symptoms. This study reviews our experience with children in tertiary pediatric medical center who underwent revision cochlear implantation, with emphasis on soft failures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Children (age<18years) who underwent revision cochlear implantation from 2000 to 2012 were identified by database search. Pre- and post-explantation data were collected...

Although cochlear implantation enables some children to attain age-appropriate speech and language development, communicative delays persist in others, and outcomes are quite variable and difficult to predict, even for children implanted early in life. To understand the neurobiological basis of this variability, we used presurgical neural morphological data obtained from MRI of individual pediatric cochlear implant (CI) candidates implanted younger than 3.5 years to predict variability of their speech-perception improvement after surgery...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of silent aspiration in pediatric patients and identify which diagnoses may be associated with this finding. METHODS: An institutional review board-approved retrospective review was conducted for all patients under the age of 18 who underwent modified barium swallow (MBS) studies at a tertiary children's hospital in 2015. Speech-language pathologists reviewed MBS studies to identify aspiration/silent aspiration on each fluid consistency tested...

The ability to communicate effectively with others is central to children's development. Delays or disruptions due to isolated expressive language delay, articulation errors, multiple sound production errors with motor planning deficits, or mixed expressive and receptive language delay, often bring widespread consequences. Physical anomalies, neurologic and genetic disorder, cognitive and intellectual disabilities, and emotional disturbances may affect speech and language development. Communication disorders may be misdiagnosed as intellectual impairment or autism...

Professionals in pediatric practice encounter infants and toddlers with developmental delays, disabilities, or complex chronic health conditions eligible for Part C early intervention (EI) services. The most frequently identified concern by families is communication emphasizing the importance of the role of the speech language pathologist (SLP). This article provides a conceptual framework for SLP services in early intervention, based on the principles of interprofessional collaboration. The history of collaboration, EI, and the role of SLPs as members of the EI team are summarized...

The timing of epilepsy surgery is complex, and there is not a structured pathway to help families decide whether to continue medical management or pursue surgical treatment. We surveyed caregivers of pediatric epilepsy surgery patients. Fifty-eight respondents answered the majority of questions. Thirty caregivers wished their child had undergone epilepsy surgery earlier compared with twenty who felt surgery was done at the appropriate time, and eight were unsure. In retrospect, caregivers who wished their child's surgery had been performed sooner had a significantly longer duration of epilepsy prior to the surgery [44...

OBJECTIVE: To examine speech intelligibility in children subjected to sequential bilateral cochlear implants (CI) surgery and to assess the influence of the inter-stage interval duration. INTRODUCTION: Binaural hearing recovery can have additional benefits, especially in speech and language development in patients with congenital profound sensorineural hearing loss; so recently there has been an increase in the number of children receiving bilateral CI. METHODS: Twenty-seven children who underwent sequential bilateral cochlear implant (SBCI) with a short (1-3 yrs), medium (4-6 yrs) and long (7-12 yrs) range interval between both implantations, respectively, were evaluated...

BACKGROUND: 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a very broad phenotypic spectrum disorder. It can affect many organs or systems. 22q11.2DS is the most common microdeletion syndrome in humans, with a prevalence ranging from one in every 2000 to one in 4000 newborns. It seems to be more prevalent than reported and under-recognized or undiagnosed because of its inherent clinical variability and heterogeneity. In France, 15,000 patients may be affected by this disease, more than half without knowing it...

OBJECTIVES: International guidelines indicate that children with profound hearing loss should receive a cochlear implant (CI) soon after diagnosis in order to optimize speech and language rehabilitation. Although prompt rehabilitation is encouraged by current guidelines, delays in cochlear implantation are still present. This study investigated whether European countries establish timely pediatric CI care based on epidemiological, commercial, and clinical data. METHODS: An estimation of the number of pediatric CI candidates in European countries was performed and compared to epidemiological (Euro-CIU), commercial (Cochlear(®)), and clinical (institutional) age-at-implantation data...

OBJECTIVES: To establish the effectiveness of a "1-year extracorporeal membrane oxygenation follow-up clinic" and to characterize any neurodevelopmental concerns identified. DESIGN: Single-center retrospective cohort of respiratory extracorporeal membrane oxygenation survivors over 10 years. SETTING: Nationally commissioned center for neonatal and pediatric (> 28 d of life) respiratory extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. PATIENTS: Children attending the follow-up clinic 1 year after receiving respiratory extracorporeal membrane oxygenation between 2003 and 2013...

INTRODUCTION: Several studies have shown that early identification of childhood hearing loss leads to better language outcomes. However, delays in the confirmation of hearing loss persist even in the presence of well-established universal newborn hearing screening programs (UNHS). The objective of this population-based study was to document the proportion of children who experienced delayed confirmation of congenital and early onset hearing loss in a UNHS program in one region of Canada...

Proton beam therapy (PBT) holds promise for pediatric patients, but level 1 evidence is not available. In this context, we examined insurance coverage decisions at our facility from 2010 to 2015. PBT was initially denied for 11% of pediatric cases. However, nearly all denials were overturned on appeal-a process that often delayed care by more than a week. Despite unfavorable language in coverage policies, real-world decisions were eventual approval in >99% of cases. Payers appear to have largely accepted the current level-of-evidence for pediatric PBT, but all parties spend significant time and resources on appeals...

AIM: To design and validate Hindi-language parent self-report developmental screening questionnaires for 9-month and 18-month-old Indian children. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Tertiary-care pediatric hospital from April 2014 to March 2016. PARTICIPANTS: In each age group (9-month and 18-month), 45 children were enrolled for designing of questionnaires (30 for obtaining parental observations of current development and 15 for pre-testing)...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: There are significant disparities in care facing children with hearing loss. The objective of this review is to assess the current disparities in pediatric hearing healthcare delivery, describe the barriers of efficient and effective pediatric hearing health care, and explore the innovations to improve pediatric hearing healthcare delivery. RECENT FINDINGS: Children with hearing loss from certain geographic regions or ethnic background are significantly delayed in diagnosis and treatment...