Value in health

OBJECTIVES: Perceived Organizational Support (POS) represents the extent to which employees believe their organization values their contributions and well-being. While higher POS is associated with increased work engagement and learning motivation, the intricacies of this relationship, especially the mediation by Occupational Future Time Perspective (OFTP), are not well understood. METHODS: We conducted an online survey of 2,046 working individuals aged 20-69 to assess the relationships between POS and two outcome variables, Learning Goal Orientation (LGO), and work engagement with multiple regression analyses for all ages and in the younger age group (under 45)...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify predictive biomarkers for unscheduled emergency department (ED) revisits within 24 hours of discharge in infants diagnosed with acute bronchiolitis (AB). METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted on infants diagnosed with AB who visited 3 emergency medical centers between January 2020 and December 2022. The study excluded infants with comorbidities, congenital diseases, and prematurity and infants who revisited the ED after 24 hours of discharge...

Pain perception and its modulation are fundamental to human learning and adaptive behavior. This study investigated the hypothesis that pain perception is tied to pain's learning function. Thirty-one participants performed a threat conditioning task where certain cues were associated with a possibility of receiving a painful electric shock. The cues that signaled potential pain or safety were regularly changed, requiring participants to continually establish new associations. Using computational models, we quantified participants' pain expectations and prediction errors throughout the task and assessed their relationship with pain perception and electrophysiological responses...

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus continues to be a significant global public health concern, and it is currently a public health issue in developing nations. In Ethiopia, about three fourth of adult population with diabetes are unaware of their diabetic condition. However, there is a limited research on this specific topic particularly in the study area. OBJECTIVE: To assess prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and its associated factor among adult residents of Mizan Aman town, south West Ethiopia...

Malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) kit is one of the techniques for diagnosing malaria. Due to its inherent advantages over the microscopy technique, several brands of the kit have flooded malaria endemic countries, without prior in-country evaluation. Two of such mRDT kits are Oscar (India) and Standard Q (Korea Republic). In this study, the performance of Oscar and Standard Q mRDT kits were compared to First Response (India) and CareStart (USA) mRDTs, which have been evaluated and deployed for use approved by the Ministry of Health (MOH)...

BACKGROUND: The association between the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and the serum soluble-Klotho concentration (pg/ml) in osteoarthritis (OA) patients is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the SII and serum soluble-Klotho levels in OA patients. METHODS: All study data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database (n = 1852 OA patients; age range = 40-79 years). The SII and serum Klotho measurement data are from the NHANES mobile examination centre...

BACKGROUND: Diabetes Mellitus is a serious and expanding health problem, together with the issues of health- related quality of life (HRQoL). This further puts pressure on the government to allocate more funds for public healthcare. OBJECTIVES: This study was devised to evaluate the health-related quality of life of people living with diabetes in Hail region of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: This cross-sectional research was carried out at eight locations in the Hail region of Saudi Arabia between 21st March-20th May 2022 using the adapted version of the Euro QoL-5 dimension (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire...

BACKGROUND: One of the main factors contributing to maternal morbidity and mortality is induced abortion. The WHO estimates that over 44 million induced abortions take place annually around the world. The majority of these abortions-about 50%-are unsafe, significantly increasing maternal morbidity and contributing to 13% of maternal deaths. Thus, this review aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of induced abortion and its associated factors in Africa. METHODS: To find literature on the prevalence of induced abortion and its associated factors, a thorough search of the internet databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, African Journals Online, and Google Scholar was conducted...

AIM: This study was designed to investigate the association between Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and in-hospital mortality and other clinical outcomes among patients with hyperglycemic crises. METHOD: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from electric medical records. A total of 1668 diabetic patients with hyperglycemic crises from six tertiary hospitals met the inclusion criteria. CCI < 4 was defined as low CCI and CCI ≥ 4 was defined as high CCI...

BACKGROUND: Injury is a global health concern, and injury-related mortality disproportionately impacts low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Compelling evidence from observational studies in high-income countries shows that trauma education programs, such as the Rural Trauma Team Development Course (RTTDC), increase clinician knowledge of injury care. There is a dearth of such evidence from controlled clinical trials to demonstrate the effect of the RTTDC on process and patient outcomes in LMICs...

Accurate quantum yields are crucial for modeling photochemical reactions in natural and engineered treatment systems. Quantum yields are usually determined using a single representative light source such as xenon lamps to mimic sunlight or UVC light for water treatment. However, photodegradation modeling can be improved by understanding the wavelength dependence of quantum yields and the potential errors introduced by the experimental setup. In this study, we investigated the effects of experimental setup on measured quantum yields using four photoreactor systems and up to 11 different light sources...

Rates of COVID-19 and influenza vaccine coverage among Hispanic young children continue to be low in comparison to other racial and ethnic groups in the United States. This study utilized a person-centered approach to understand COVID-19 and influenza vaccination hesitancy for young children under the age of five among 309 economically marginalized Hispanic mothers. Drawing on the cultural health belief model, in 2022, following FDA approval of the COVID-19 vaccine for young children, a latent profile analysis was conducted from which three profiles emerged...

OBJECTIVES: To determine if HIV modifies the association between hyperglycaemia and active tuberculosis in Lusaka, Zambia. METHODS: A case-control study among newly-diagnosed adult tuberculosis cases and population controls in three areas of Lusaka. Hyperglycaemia is determined by random blood glucose (RBG) concentration measured at the time of recruitment; active tuberculosis disease by clinical diagnosis, and HIV status by serological result. Multivariable logistic regression is used to explore the primary association and effect modification by HIV...

Mercury cycling in coastal metropolitan areas on the west coast of India becomes complex due to the combined effects of both intensive domestic anthropogenic emissions and marine air masses. The present study is based on yearlong data of continuous measurements of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) concentration concurrent with meteorological parameters and some air pollutants at a coastal urban site in Mumbai, on the west coast of India, for the first time. The concentration of GEM was found in a range between 2...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the levels of anxiety and depression in patients with symptomatic vitreous floaters and to determine the possible correlations of psychological implications with the symptoms duration and possible improvement, the degree of posterior vitreous detachment, and the discomfort severity. METHODS: Ninety patients complaining for floaters and fifty-seven age- and gender-matched healthy-control subjects were recruited. Every participant underwent a complete ophthalmological examination, including funduscopy and optical coherence tomography scans, while clinical and demographic data were also gathered...

Placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) in the spinal fluid is helpful for the diagnosis of intracranial germinomas. Bifocal lesions involving the pineal and pituitary regions have also been reported as characteristic findings of intracranial germinomas. We present a rare case of a 15-year-old boy with a pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation (PPTID) with bifocal lesions negative for PLAP. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed bifocal mass lesions in the pineal and suprasellar regions and non-communicating hydrocephalus...

Tumor mutation profiling (MP) is often conducted on tissue from biopsies conducted for clinical purposes (diagnostic tissue). We aimed to explore the views of patients with cancer on who should own tumor biopsy tissue, pay for its storage, and decide on its future use; and determine their attitudes to and predictors of undergoing additional biopsies if required for research purposes. In this mixed methods, cross-sectional study, patients with advanced solid cancers enrolled in the Molecular Screening and Therapeutics Program (n = 397) completed a questionnaire prior to undergoing MP (n = 356/397)...

BACKGROUND: Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a disorder of gut brain interaction (DGBI) often triggered by stress. Interventions like meditation may improve psychological outcomes and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), but their efficacy and the underlying mechanism are unknown. METHODS: We conducted a 6-week single-arm pilot study to assess the effects of Heartfulness meditation (HFM) in CVS using a custom-designed meditation app. Primary outcomes included state and trait anxiety and mood state changes pre- vs...

INTRODUCTION: This study estimated the benefits and costs of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' We Can Do This COVID-19 public education campaign (the Campaign) and associated vaccination-related impacts. METHODS: Weekly media market and national Campaign expenditures were used to estimate weekly first-dose vaccinations that would not have occurred absent the Campaign, weekly Campaign-attributed complete vaccinations, and corresponding COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations, and deaths averted...

BACKGROUND: Patient-centered educational resources surrounding rectal prolapse and rectocele can be difficult to locate and understand. Findings of video animation as patient-specific material for these conditions can help guide creation of effective educational tools for patients. OBJECTIVE: To identify female patient preferences for learning about rectal prolapse and rectocele and to obtain feedback on an animation developed to aid patient education on these conditions...