keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38253445/understanding-china-s-shifting-priorities-and%C3%A2-priority-setting-processes-in%C3%A2-development-assistance-for%C3%A2-health
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bingqing Guo, Victoria Fan, Austin Strange, Karen Ann Grépin
Over the past two decades, China has become a distinctive and increasingly important donor of development assistance for health (DAH). However, little is known about what factors influence China's priority-setting for DAH. In this study, we provide an updated analysis of trends in the priorities of Chinese DAH and compare them to comparable trends among OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) donors using data from the AidData's Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset (2000-2017, version 2.0) and the Creditor Reporting System (CRS) database (2000-2017)...
January 23, 2024: Health Policy and Planning
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37966199/viral-infections-and-pathogenesis-of-glaucoma-a-comprehensive-review
#2
REVIEW
Faraz Ahmad, Nikhil Deshmukh, Aaron Webel, Sandra Johnson, Ayman Suleiman, Rajiv R Mohan, Frederick Fraunfelder, Pawan Kumar Singh
SUMMARYGlaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, caused by the gradual degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and their axons. While glaucoma is primarily considered a genetic and age-related disease, some inflammatory conditions, such as uveitis and viral-induced anterior segment inflammation, cause secondary or uveitic glaucoma. Viruses are predominant ocular pathogens and can impose both acute and chronic pathological insults to the human eye. Many viruses, including herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, rubella virus, dengue virus, chikungunya virus, Ebola virus, and, more recently, Zika virus (ZIKV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), have been associated with sequela of either primary or secondary glaucoma...
December 20, 2023: Clinical Microbiology Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37609303/clinical-characteristics-and-aetiology-of-uveitis-in-a-viral-haemorrhagic-fever-zone
#3
Shiama Balendra, Lloyd Williams, Jalikatu Mustapha, Zikan Koroma, Alicious Kamara, Osman Conteh, Theophilus Kanu, Bangi Saradugu, Santigie Kamara, Laura Ward, Huachun Wang, Tolulope Fashina, Sheku Koroma, Jessica Shantha, Steven Yeh, Alasdair Kennedy
Background/Objectives: Studies on uveitis in Sierra Leone were conducted prior to the Ebola Virus Disease epidemic of 2013-16, which was associated with uveitis in 20% of survivors. They did not include imaging or investigation of tuberculosis and used laboratory services outside the country. We performed a cross-sectional study on patients presenting with uveitis to establish their clinical characteristics and identify the impact of in-country laboratory diagnoses. Methods: We invited uveitis cases presenting to Eye Clinics in Sierra Leone from March to September 2022 to participate in the study...
August 8, 2023: Research Square
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37477943/atypical-ebola-virus-disease-in-a-rhesus-macaque
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrea Marzi, Patrick W Hanley, Wakako Furuyama, Elaine Haddock, Craig A Martens, Dana P Scott, Heinz Feldmann
Ebola virus (EBOV), strain Makona, infected more than 30,000 people from 2013-2016 in West Africa, among them many health care workers including foreign nationals. Most of the infected foreign nationals were evacuated and treated in their respective home countries resulting in detailed reports of the acute disease following EBOV infection as well as descriptions of symptoms now known as "Post-Ebola Syndrome" which occurred months after the infection. Symptoms associated with this syndrome include uveitis and neurological manifestations...
July 21, 2023: Journal of Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37386692/ebola-virus-tropism-in-ex-vivo-cynomolgus-macaque-ocular-tissues
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M Jeremiah Matson, Trent Bushmaker, Dana P Scott, Rebecca Rosenke, Greg Saturday, Daniel S Chertow, Vincent J Munster
Ocular complications of Ebola virus disease have been documented extensively, particularly following the 2013-2016 epidemic in west Africa. The eye is known to serve as a site for persistent Ebola virus infection in some individuals, even after clearance of viremia. Additionally, long-term ocular sequelae in survivors are common and lead to considerable morbidity. However, little is currently known regarding the tropism and replication kinetics of Ebola virus in different ocular tissues. To date, a limited number of studies have made use of in vitro infections of ocular cell lines and retrospective analyses of archived pathology data from previous animal challenge experiments to further investigate the behavior of Ebola virus in the eye...
June 30, 2023: Journal of Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37018917/emerging-pathogenic-viral-infections-of-the-eye
#6
REVIEW
Ekta Rishi, Joanne Thomas, Tolulope Fashina, Lucas Kim, Steven Yeh
Global health security threats and the public health impact resulting from emerging infectious diseases including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and recent Ebola virus disease outbreaks continuously emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach to preparedness, management of disease outbreaks, and health sequelae associated with emergent pathogens. A spectrum of associated ophthalmic manifestations, along with the potential persistence of emerging viral pathogens in ocular tissues, highlight the importance of an ophthalmic approach to contributing to efforts in the response to public health emergencies from disease outbreaks...
April 5, 2023: Annual Review of Vision Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36975793/characterization-of-ebola-virus-mucosal-challenge-routes-in-cynomolgus-macaques
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dylan M Johnson, Trevor Brasel, Shane Massey, Jeanon Smith, Shannon Wallace, Xiaoying Yu, David W Beasley, Jason E Comer
Zaïre ebolavirus (EBOV) causes Ebola virus disease (EVD), a devastating viral hemorrhagic fever in humans. Nonhuman primate (NHP) models of EVD traditionally use intramuscular infection with higher case fatality rates and reduced mean time-to-death compared to contact transmission typical of human cases of EVD. A cynomolgus macaque model of oral and conjunctival EBOV was used to further characterize the more clinically relevant contact transmission of EVD. NHPs challenged via the oral route had an overall 50% survival rate...
March 28, 2023: Journal of Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36652443/ebola-virus-disrupts-the-inner-blood-retinal-barrier-by-induction-of-vascular-endothelial-growth-factor-in-pericytes
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jiawang Gao, Zhengyuan Guo, Wei Li, Xiaowei Zhang, Xian-En Zhang, Zongqiang Cui
Ebola virus (EBOV) causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans with high mortality. In Ebola virus disease (EVD) survivors, EBOV persistence in the eyes may break through the inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB), leading to ocular complications and EVD recurrence. However, the mechanism by which EBOV affects the iBRB remains unclear. Here, we used the in vitro iBRB model to simulate EBOV in retinal tissue and found that Ebola virus-like particles (EBO-VLPs) could disrupt the iBRB. Cytokine screening revealed that EBO-VLPs stimulate pericytes to secrete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to cause iBRB breakdown...
January 2023: PLoS Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36525443/development-of-ebola-virus-disease-prediction-scores-screening-tools-for-ebola-suspects-at-the-triage-point-during-an-outbreak
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Antoine Oloma Tshomba, Daniel-Ricky Mukadi-Bamuleka, Anja De Weggheleire, Olivier M Tshiani, Richard O Kitenge, Charles T Kayembe, Bart K M Jacobs, Lutgarde Lynen, Placide Mbala-Kingebeni, Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum, Steve Ahuka-Mundeke, Dieudonné N Mumba, Désiré D Tshala-Katumbay, Sabue Mulangu
BACKGROUND: The control of Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks relies on rapid diagnosis and prompt action, a daunting task in limited-resource contexts. This study develops prediction scores that can help healthcare workers improve their decision-making at the triage-point of EVD suspect-cases during EVD outbreaks. METHODS: We computed accuracy measurements of EVD predictors to assess their diagnosing ability compared with the reference standard GeneXpert® results, during the eastern DRC EVD outbreak...
2022: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36503320/similarities-in-the-histological-mouse-model-of-early-herpes-simplex-retinopathy-with-punctate-inner-choroidopathy-and-ebola-virus-disease-retinopathy
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paul J Steptoe, Catherine M Guly, Andrew D Dick
ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To highlight similarities between the cross-sectional retinal lesion appearance in a patient with punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC), Ebola virus disease (EVD) retinopathy and the von Szily mouse model of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV) retinopathy. METHODS: Case report and cross-sectional retinal lesion comparison. RESULTS: Whilst phenotypically different on colour imaging, a near-identical lesion appearance on optical coherence tomography, characterised by a focal photoreceptor loss and distinctive V-shaped collapse of the overlying retinal layers, was observed in both PIC and EVD retinopathy...
December 12, 2022: European Journal of Ophthalmology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36310868/macrophage-infection-activation-and-histopathological-findings-in-ebolavirus-infection
#11
REVIEW
Timothy G Wanninger, Daniel E Millian, Omar A Saldarriaga, Junki Maruyama, Takeshi Saito, Rachel A Reyna, Satoshi Taniguchi, Esteban Arroyave, Melanie E Connolly, Heather L Stevenson, Slobodan Paessler
Macrophages contribute to Ebola virus disease through their susceptibility to direct infection, their multi-faceted response to ebolaviruses, and their association with pathological findings in tissues throughout the body. Viral attachment and entry factors, as well as the more recently described influence of cell polarization, shape macrophage susceptibility to direct infection. Moreover, the study of Toll-like receptor 4 and the RIG-I-like receptor pathway in the macrophage response to ebolaviruses highlight important immune signaling pathways contributing to the breadth of macrophage responses...
2022: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36213628/ocular-manifestations-of-recent-viral-pandemics-a-literature-review
#12
REVIEW
Mohammad J J Taha, Mohammad T Abuawwad, Warda A Alrubasy, Shams Khalid Sameer, Taleb Alsafi, Yaqeen Al-Bustanji, Luai Abu-Ismail, Abdulqadir J Nashwan
Viral pandemics often take the world by storm, urging the medical community to prioritize the most evident systemic manifestations, often causing ocular manifestations to go unnoticed. This literature review highlights the ocular complications of the Monkeypox, SARS-CoV-2, MERS, Ebola, H1N1, and Zika viruses as the most recent viral pandemics. Research into the effects of these pandemics began immediately. Moreover, it also discusses the ocular complications of the vaccines and treatments that were used in the scope of the viral pandemics...
2022: Frontiers in Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35850699/the-prevalence-of-post-ebola-syndrome-hearing-loss-sierra-leone
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Samuel C Ficenec, Donald S Grant, Ibrahim Sumah, Foday Alhasan, Mohamed S Yillah, Jenneh Brima, Edwin Konuwa, Michael A Gbakie, Fatima K Kamara, Nell G Bond, Emily J Engel, Jeffrey G Shaffer, William A Fischer, David A Wohl, Susan D Emmett, John S Schieffelin
BACKGROUND: Globally, hearing loss is the second leading cause of disability, affecting approximately 18.7% of the world's population. However, the burden of hearing loss is unequally distributed, with the majority of affected individuals located in Asia or Sub-Saharan Africa. Following the 2014 West African Ebola Outbreak, disease survivors began to describe hearing loss as part of the constellation of symptoms known as Post-Ebola Syndrome. The goal of this study was to more fully characterize hearing loss among Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) survivors...
July 18, 2022: BMC Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35747182/ophthalmic-sequelae-and-psychosocial-impact-in-pediatric-ebola-survivors
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jessica G Shantha, Dominick Canady, Caleb Hartley, Amy Cassedy, Chris Miller, Sheila T Angeles-Han, Lloyd C M Harrison-Williams, Matthew J Vandy, Natalie Weil, Gilberte Bastien, Steven Yeh
Background: Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks in West Africa (2013-2016) and the Democratic Republic of Congo (2018-2020) have resulted in thousands of EVD survivors who remain at-risk for survivor sequelae. While EVD survivorship has been broadly reported in adult populations, pediatric EVD survivors are under-represented. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the prevalence of eye disease, health-related quality-of-life, vision-related quality-of-life, and the burden of mental illness among pediatric EVD survivors in Sierra Leone...
July 2022: EClinicalMedicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35639875/risk-factors-for-ebola-virus-persistence-in-semen-of-survivors-liberia
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jonathan Dyal, Aaron Kofman, Jomah Z Kollie, John Fankhauser, Romeo Orone, Moses J Soka, Uriah Glaybo, Armah Kiawu, Edna Freeman, Giovanni Giah, Henry D Tony, Mylene Faikai, Mary Jawara, Kuku Kamara, Samuel Kamara, Benjamin Flowers, Mohammed L Kromah, Rodel Desamu-Thorpe, James Graziano, Shelley Brown, Maria E Morales-Betoulle, Deborah L Cannon, Kaihong Su, Susanne L Linderman, Mateusz Plucinski, Eric Rogier, Richard S Bradbury, W Evan Secor, Katherine E Bowden, Christi Phillips, Mary N Carrington, Yeon-Hwa Park, Maureen P Martin, Maria Del Pilar Aguinaga, Robert Mushi, Dana L Haberling, Elizabeth D Ervin, John D Klena, Moses Massaquoi, Tolbert Nyenswah, Stuart T Nichol, David E Chiriboga, Desmond E Williams, Steven H Hinrichs, Rafi Ahmed, Benjamin T Vonhm, Pierre E Rollin, Lawrence J Purpura, Mary J Choi
BACKGROUND: Long-term persistence of Ebola virus (EBOV) in immunologically-privileged sites has been implicated in recent outbreaks of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in Guinea and the Democratic Republic of Congo. This study was designed to understand how the acute course of EVD, convalescence, and host immune and genetic factors may play a role in prolonged viral persistence in semen. METHODS: A cohort of 131 male EVD survivors in Liberia were enrolled in a case-case study...
May 27, 2022: Clinical Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35381703/one-step-single-tube-accelerated-quantitative-nucleoprotein-gene-specific-reverse-transcription-loop-mediated-isothermal-gene-amplification-rt-lamp-assay-for-rapid-real-time-reliable-clinical-detection-of-ebola-virus
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jyoti S Kumar, Paban Kumar Dash, Ambuj Srivastava, Shashi Sharma, Kundan Tandel, Manmohan Parida
Background & objectives: : Due to the absence of specific drugs or vaccines for Ebola virus disease, rapid, sensitive and reliable diagnostic methods are required to control the transmission chain of the disease and for better patient management. Isothermal amplification of nucleic acids has emerged as a promising alternative in which rapid and efficient amplification is achieved at a constant temperature without the thermal cycling required in PCR. Methods: : A one-step single-tube accelerated quantitative reverse trascription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay was developed by targeting the NP gene of 2014 Zaire Ebola virus (ZEBOV)...
April 6, 2022: Indian Journal of Medical Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34985665/more-than-a-gender-issue-testis-as-a-distinctive-hiv-reservoir-and-its-implication-for-viral-eradication
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jean-Pierre Routy, Franck P Dupuy, John Lin, Stéphane Isnard
Early establishment of HIV reservoir represents the main impediment to an HIV cure. Mainly composed of infected memory CD4 T-cells and macrophages, HIV reservoirs are found in several organs including lymph nodes, gut, and testes. In men, and as seen in brain and eyes, testes represent a distinctive organ characterized by an immune privilege, allowing the tolerance of spermatozoa which only develop after puberty, long after the establishment of systemic immunity. The immune privilege of testes relies on a strict testis-blood barrier, and a local immunosuppressive environment...
2022: Methods in Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34717580/post-ebola-sequelae-among-ebola-child-survivors-in-sierra-leone
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Claudette Amuzu, Peter Bai James, Abdulai Jawo Bah, Alex Vandy Saffa Bayoh, Shepherd Roee Singer
BACKGROUND: There are limited data regarding the long-term health effects of child survivors of the 2013-2016 West African Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak. Here, we assess post-Ebola sequelae among EVD child survivors by comparing the self-reported symptoms between EVD child survivors and their close household contacts over one year after the end of the outbreak. METHODS: EVD child survivors(n=159) and their close contacts(n=303) were enrolled in Western and Eastern Sierra Leone...
October 30, 2021: BMC Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34586862/dose-dependent-response-to-infection-with-ebola-virus-in-the-ferret-model-and-evidence-of-viral-evolution-in-the-eye
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Robert J Watson, Julia Tree, Susan A Fotheringham, Yper Hall, Xiaofeng Dong, Kimberley Steeds, Jade Gouriet, Francisco J Salguero, Christopher Burton, James Pitman, Linda Easterbrook, Kevin S Richards, Jane Burton, Kevin Bewley, Christine Bruce, Julian A Hiscox, Miles W Carroll, Simon G P Funnell
Filoviruses cause high-consequence infections with limited approved medical countermeasures (MCMs). MCM development is dependent upon well-characterized animal models for the assessment of antiviral agents and vaccines. Following large-scale Ebola virus (EBOV) disease outbreaks in Africa, some survivors are left with long-term sequelae and persistent virus in immune-privileged sites for many years. We report the characterization of the ferret as a model for Ebola virus infection, reproducing disease and lethality observed in humans...
November 23, 2021: Journal of Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34453730/the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly-of-testicular-immune-regulation-a-delicate-balance-between-immune-function-and-immune-privilege
#20
REVIEW
Gurvinder Kaur, Kandis Wright, Saguna Verma, Allan Haynes, Jannette M Dufour
The testis is one of several immune privilege sites. These sites are necessary to decrease inflammation and immune responses that could be damaging to the host. For example, inflammation in the brain, eye or placenta could result in loss of cognitive function, vision or rejection of the semi-allogeneic fetus, respectively. In the testis, immune privilege is "good" as it is necessary for protection of the developing auto-immunogenic germ cells. However, there is also a downside or "bad" part of immune privilege, where pathogens and cancers can take advantage of this privilege and persist in the testis as a sanctuary site...
2021: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
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