Osteophyte

Objective: To evaluate the long-term efficacy and influencing factors of cervical artificial disc replacement (CADR) for patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR). Methods: The data of 29 CSR patients who underwent Bryan artificial disc replacement between December 2003 and December 2007 and followed up more than 10 years were retrospectively analysed. There were 16 males and 13 females with an average age of 54.1 years (range, 40-70 years). The disease duration was 2-144 months (mean, 19...

Major hallmarks of osteoarthritis (OA) are cartilage degeneration, inflammation and osteophyte formation. COX-2 inhibitors counteract inflammation-related pain, but their prolonged oral use entails the risk for side effects. Local and prolonged administration in biocompatible and degradable drug delivery biomaterials could offer an efficient and safe treatment for the long-term management of OA symptoms. Therefore, we evaluated the disease-modifying effects and the optimal dose of polyesteramide microspheres delivering the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib in a rat OA model...

BACKGROUND: Knee MRI is increasingly used to inform clinical management. Features associated with osteoarthritis are often present in asymptomatic uninjured knees; however, the estimated prevalence varies substantially between studies. We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis to provide summary estimates of the prevalence of MRI features of osteoarthritis in asymptomatic uninjured knees. METHODS: We searched six electronic databases for studies reporting MRI osteoarthritis feature prevalence (ie, cartilage defects, meniscal tears, bone marrow lesions and osteophytes) in asymptomatic uninjured knees...

BACKGROUND/CONTEXT: Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is associated with longitudinal remodeling of paravertebral tissues. While chronic vertebral changes in advanced stages of DDD are well-studied, very little data exists on acute vertebral bone remodeling at the onset and progression of DDD. PURPOSE: To longitudinally characterize bony remodeling in a rodent model of disc injury-induced DDD. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: In vivo animal study involving a rat annulus fibrosus injury model of DDD...

BACKGROUND: Approaches for the prevention and treatment of hip osteoarthritis (OA) remain limited. There are recent data suggesting that low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth may be risk factors for hip osteoarthritis. This has the potential to change the current paradigm of hip osteoarthritis prevention by targeting early life factors. The aim of this review was to examine the available evidence for an association of LBW and preterm birth with hip OA. The potential cost implications associated with total hip arthroplasty were also evaluated...

In humans the acquisition of the bipedalism caused different structural changes to achieve the new functional demands. In particular, several changes have occurred in the spine and pelvis. In recent years the sagittal morphology of the spine and pelvis has become one of the most focused topics in spine research. The sample consists of 348 volunteers, with no history of low back pain, without any previous major trauma at the spine or at the pelvis. Aged between 20 and 29 years. The presence and severity of zygoapophyseal facet arthrosis were investigated in accordance with Pathria's classification (it considered four parameters: width of interarticular space, the presence of osteophytes, the presence of facet hypertrophy and presence of areas of bone erosion)...

Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) is one member of a small family of transmembrane, G-protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are activated via cleavage of their N terminus by serine proteases (e.g., tryptase), unveiling an N terminus tethered ligand which binds to the second extracellular loop of the receptor. Increasing evidence has emerged identifying key pathophysiological roles for PAR2 in both rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). Importantly, this includes both pro-inflammatory and destructive roles...

142: Toward the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA), we have been investigating self-complementary adeno-associated virus (scAAV) for intra-articular delivery of gene products with therapeutic potential. As OA frequently affects weight-bearing joints, we performed pharmacokinetic studies in the equine forelimb to identify parameters of scAAV gene delivery relevant to clinical translation. Using the coding sequence for interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) as a secreted therapeutic reporter we first generated an scAAV vector containing an optimized cDNA for equine IL-1Ra...

Cervical spondylosis and ankylosing hyperostosis of the cervical vertebrae are usually asymptomatic. This is a case report of a patient with massive anterior cervical osteophytes resulting in failure of intubation prior to a lumbar canal stenosis surgery. The osteophytes extended from C3 to C7 and resulted in the anterior displacement of the pharynx and the trachea. The patient was managed successfully with anterior cervical osteophytectomy.

Background and purpose - The optimal treatment for traumatic cartilage injuries remains unknown. Contrast-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) evaluates cartilage quality and a low dGEMRIC index may predict radiographic osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this study was (a) to explore the results 17 years after surgical treatment of an isolated cartilage knee injury and (b) to evaluate the predictive value of dGEMRIC. Patients and methods - 16 knees with an isolated traumatic cartilage injury of the medial femoral condyle had cartilage repair surgery either by microfracture or autologous cartilage implantation...

PURPOSE: Numerous studies demonstrated that prosthetic overhang and over-sizing cause pain and stiffness following total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but none considered volume changes within the joint capsule. This study was designed to investigate differences in volumes of resected bone compared to implanted components in TKA, and to determine the incidence and factors related to 'over-voluming'. METHODS: Three-dimensional reconstructions were created from 100 magnetic resonance imaging scans taken to design patient-specific instruments for TKA...

One of significant challenges faced by diabetologists, surgeons and orthopedists who care for patients with diabetic foot syndrome is early diagnosis and differentiation of bone structure abnormalities typical of these patients, i.e. osteitis and Charcot arthropathy. In addition to clinical examination, the patient's medical history and laboratory tests, imaging plays a significant role. The evaluation usually begins with conventional radiographs. In the case of osteomyelitis, radiography shows osteopenia, lytic lesions, cortical destruction, periosteal reactions as well as, in the chronic phase, osteosclerosis and sequestra...

BACKGROUND: Predicting satisfaction following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) continues to be a clinical challenge. We sought to quantify radiographic variables associated with clinical improvement and satisfaction following TKA. METHODS: We reviewed a consecutive series of primary TKAs performed by a single surgeon with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Radiographic variables assessed included preoperative and postoperative mechanical axis alignment, osteophyte size and location, and the presence of tibial or patella subluxation...

Peripheral nerve entrapment of the ankle and foot is relatively uncommon and often underdiagnosed because electrophysiologic studies may not contribute to the diagnosis. Anatomy of the peripheral nerves is variable and complex, and along with a comprehensive physical examination, a thorough understanding of the applied anatomy is essential. Several studies have helped identify specific areas in which nerves are commonly compressed. Identified secondary causes of nerve compression include previous trauma, osteophytes, ganglion cysts, edema, accessory muscles, tenosynovitis, vascular lesions, and a primary nerve tumor...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether central (abdominal) or peripheral (thigh) adiposity measures are associated with incident radiographic knee osteoarthritis (RKOA) independent of body mass index (BMI) and whether their relation to RKOA was stronger than that of BMI. DESIGN: 161 Osteoarthritis Initiative participants (62% female) with incident RKOA (Kellgren/Lawrence grade 0/1 at baseline, developing an osteophyte and joint space narrowing grade ≥1 by year-4) were matched to 186 controls (58% female) without incident RKOA...

PURPOSE: This retrospective cohort study in an asymptomatic nonpatient population evaluated the prevalence of specific morphologic changes usually associated with the presence of degenerative joint diseases (DJD) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and examined the associations between DJD and age, sex, and number of teeth present. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CBCT images (268 TMJs) of 134 asymptomatic patients were studied. Patient data were obtained from clinical records, and calibrated examiners interpreted the CBCT images...

INTRODUCTION: Anatomical variations of the first dorsal extensor compartment (1st EC) are commonly noted. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty cadaver hands were dissected to define the 1st EC. Through the gross findings, we classified the contents according to the presence of septation, subcompartment, and variation of tendons. Bony cross-section of the wrist was performed to reveal any bony pattern within the 1st EC. We also measured the anatomical structures of the 1st EC...

Objectives: To identify molecular differences between chondrocytes from osteophytic and articular cartilage tissue from OA patients. Methods: We investigated genes and pathways by combining genome-wide DNA methylation, RNA sequencing and quantitative proteomics in isolated primary chondrocytes from the cartilaginous layer of osteophytes and matched areas of low- and high-grade articular cartilage across nine patients with OA undergoing hip replacement surgery. Results: Chondrocytes from osteophytic cartilage showed widespread differences to low-grade articular cartilage chondrocytes...

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is a rare but well known cause of dysphagia. In very few cases aspiration and dyspnea are described as a clinical manifestation. An 82-year-old man presented himself in our clinic with severe dyspnea, aspiration, and pneumonia. After performing a microlaryngoscopy an emergency tracheotomy became necessary. In laryngoscopy a severe bulging of the posterior oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal wall was detected. The glottis area was not observable and immobilisation of the right vocal cord could be detected...

BACKGROUND: Disc height loss and osteophytes change the local mechanical environment in the spine; while previous research has examined kinematic dysfunction under degenerative change, none has looked at the influence of disc height loss and osteophytes throughout movement. METHODS: Twenty patients with pain related to the head, neck or shoulders were imaged via videofluoroscopy as they underwent sagittal-plane flexion and extension. A clinician graded disc height loss and osteophytes as "severe/moderate", "mild", or "none"...