Skin microbiota infections

The microbiota, also referred to as the microbial community, is a crucial component of the human microenvironment. It is located predominantly in various organs, including the intestines, skin, oral cavity, respiratory tract, and reproductive tract. The microbiota maintains a symbiotic relationship with the human body, influencing physiological and pathological functions to a significant degree. There is increasing evidence linking the microbial flora to human cancers. In contrast to the traditional belief that the urethra and urine of normal individuals are sterile, recent advancements in high-throughput sequencing technology and bacterial cultivation methods have led to the discovery of specific microbial communities in the urethras of healthy individuals...

The consumption of contaminated poultry meat is a significant threat for public health, as it implicates in foodborne pathogen infections, such as those caused by Arcobacter . The mitigation of clinical cases requires the understanding of contamination pathways in each food process and the characterization of resident microbiota in the productive environments, so that targeted sanitizing procedures can be effectively implemented. Nowadays these investigations can benefit from the complementary and thoughtful use of culture- and omics-based analyses, although their application in situ is still limited...

Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are a group of lymphoproliferative disorders of skin-homing T cells causing chronic inflammation. These disorders cause impairment of the immune environment, which leads to severe infections and/or sepsis due to dysbiosis. In this study, we elucidated the host-microbial interaction in CTCL that occurs during the phototherapeutic treatment regime and determined whether modulation of the skin microbiota could beneficially affect the course of CTCL. EL4 T-cell lymphoma cells were intradermally grafted on the back of C57BL/6 mice...

Background: Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is common in people living with HIV (PLHIV) in high TB burden settings. Active TB is associated with specific stool taxa; however, little is known about the stool microbiota and LTBI, including in PLHIV. Method : Within a parent study that recruited adult females with HIV from Cape Town, South Africa into predefined age categories (18-25, 35-60 years), we characterised the stool microbiota of those with [interferon- γ release assay (IGRA)- and tuberculin skin test (TST)-positive] or without (IGRA- and TST-negative) LTBI (n=25 per group)...

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested a link between gut microbiota and skin diseases, including erysipelas, an inflammatory skin condition. Despite this, the precise nature of the relationship between erysipelas and gut microbiota remains unclear and subject to debate. METHODS: We conducted a Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis using publicly available summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to explore the potential causal relationship between gut microbiota and erysipelas...

The metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) method is preferred for genotyping useful for the identification of organisms, illumination of metabolic pathways, and determination of microbiota. It can accurately obtain all the nucleic acid information in the test sample. Anthrax is one of the most important zoonotic diseases, infecting mainly herbivores and occasionally humans. The disease has four typical clinical forms, cutaneous, gastrointestinal, inhalation, and injection, all of which may result in sepsis or meningitis, with cutaneous being the most common form...

BACKGROUND: Congenital ichthyosis (CI) is a collective group of rare hereditary skin disorders. Patients present with epidermal scaling, fissuring, chronic inflammation, and increased susceptibility to infections. Recently, there is increased interest in the skin microbiome; therefore, we hypothesized that CI patients likely exhibit an abnormal profile of epidermal microbes because of their various underlying skin barrier defects. Among recruited individuals of Southeast Asian ethnicity, we performed skin meta-genomics (i...

Infections pose a significant threat to morbidity and mortality during treatments for pediatric cancer patients. Efforts to minimize the risk of infection necessitate preventive measures encompassing both environmental and host-focused strategies. While a substantial number of infections in oncologic patients originate from microorganisms within their native microbiological environment, such as the oral cavity, intestines, and skin, the concrete risk of bloodstream infections linked to the consumption of contaminated food and beverages in the community cannot be overlooked...

BACKGROUND: CoNS constitute a significant part of the human microbiota of skin and mucous membranes. They can cause nosocomial infections, and have shown decreased susceptibility to several antibiotics. The few remaining treatment options include (lipo)glycopeptides such as dalbavancin. However, there is a lack of knowledge concerning whether susceptibility to lipoglycopeptides varies between different species of CoNS. OBJECTIVES: To determine the susceptibility to dalbavancin in different species of CoNS...

BACKGROUND: Corynebacterium spp. are widely disseminated in the environment, and they are part of the skin and mucosal microbiota of animals and humans. Reports of human infections by Corynebacterium spp. have increased considerably in recent years and the appearance of multidrug resistant isolates around the world has drawn attention. OBJECTIVES: To describe a new species of Corynebacterium from human tissue bone is described after being misidentified using available methods...

Staphylococcus epidermidis is part of the commensal microbiota of the skin and mucous membranes, though it can also act as a pathogen in certain scenarios, causing a range of infections, including periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Transcriptomic profiling may provide insights into mechanisms by which S. epidermidis adapts while in a pathogenic compared to a commensal state. Here, a total RNA-sequencing approach was used to profile and compare the transcriptomes of 19 paired PJI-associated S. epidermidis samples from an in vivo clinical source and grown in in vitro laboratory culture...

Autoimmune diseases often arise from conditions where the immune system is compromised. While lymphopenia-induced proliferation (LIP) is crucial for immune system development and maturation, it is also caused by environmental insult, such as infection and becomes a risk factor for autoimmunity in adults. We used Dsg3H1 TCR Transgenic mice, whose T cells are designed to recognize desmogrein-3, a skin antigen, to explore the impact of lymphopenia on post-thymic tolerance. Dsg3H1 mice are known to delete the most highly autoreactive T cells in thymus, and develop only subtle immune-mediated pathology in a steady state...

The skin barrier protects the human body from invasion by exogenous and pathogenic microorganisms. A breach in this barrier exposes the underlying tissue to microbial contamination, which can lead to infection, delayed healing, and further loss of tissue and organ integrity. Delayed wound healing and chronic wounds are associated with comorbidities, including diabetes, advanced age, immunosuppression and autoimmune disease. The wound microbiota can influence each stage of the multi-factorial repair process and influence the likelihood of an infection...

Skin mucus analysis has recently been used as a non-invasive method to evaluate for fish welfare. The present research study was conducted to examine the skin mucosal immunity and skin microbiota profiles of sturgeons infected with Citrobacter freundii. Our histology results showed that the thickness of the epidermal layer of skin remained thinner, and the number of mucous cells was significantly decreased in sturgeons after infection (p < 0.05). Total protein, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, superoxide dismutase, and creatine kinase levels in the mucus showed biphasic pattern (decrease and then increase)...

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory cutaneous disease. The role of host defense and microbial virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus skin colonization, infection, and inflammation perpetuation in AD remains an area of current research focus. Extracellular vesicles (EV) mediate cell-to-cell communication by transporting and delivering bioactive molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and enzymes, to recipient cells. Staphylococcus aureus spontaneously secretes extracellular vesicles (SA-derived EVs) , which spread throughout the skin layers...

Skin is constantly exposed to injury and infectious agents that can compromise its structural integrity and cause wounds. When this occurs, microorganisms from the skin microbiota and external bacteria and fungi can penetrate the wound and cause an infection, which complicates the healing process. Nowadays, there are several types of wound dressings available to treat wounds, some of which are incorporated with antimicrobial agents. However, the number of microorganisms resistant to these substances is rising...

Skin wounds and their infections by antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) are very common in small animals, posing the risk of acquiring ARB by pet owners or antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) transfer to the owners' microbiota. The aim of this study was to identify the most common pathogens infecting wounds of companion animals, assess their antibiotic resistance, and determine the ARGs using culture-based, molecular, and proteomic methods. A total of 136 bacterial strains were isolated from wound swabs. Their species was identified using chromogenic media, followed by MALDI-TOF spectrometry...

The relationship between pet and owner has already been studied in several studies. Reviewing and summarizing studies on human and pet microbiota and their effects due to keeping pets is the purpose of the current study. Microbiota of the gut, oral cavity, and skin are unique to each individual, and this is also true of their pets (cats and dogs). Microbiota homeostasis is essential for the health of pets and their owners. Dysbiosis or imbalances in the microbiota can increase the risk of disorder progressions such as IBD or Clostridium difficile infections, among others...

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a tropical disease characterized by cutaneous ulcers, sometimes with satellite lesions and nodular lymphangitis. Leishmania parasites, transmitted by sandfly vectors, cause this widespread public health challenge affecting millions worldwide. CL's complexity stems from diverse Leishmania species and intricate host interactions. Therefore, this study aims to shed light on the spatial-temporal distribution of Leishmania species and exploring the influence of skin microbiota on disease progression...

The somatosensory nervous system surveils external stimuli at barrier tissues, regulating innate immune cells under infection and inflammation. The roles of sensory neurons in controlling the adaptive immune system, and more specifically immunity to the microbiota, however, remain elusive. Here, we identified a mechanism for direct neuroimmune communication between commensal-specific T lymphocytes and somatosensory neurons mediated by the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the skin. Intravital imaging revealed that commensal-specific T cells are in close proximity to cutaneous nerve fibers in vivo...