Urinary urea nitrogen in CKD

Diabetic nephropathy causes cardiovascular complications among individuals with diabetes which results in decreased kidney function and overall physical decline. The objective of this systematic review was to determine effects of exercise on various renal function parameters amond individuals with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. It was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020198754). Total 6 databases (PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, ProQuest, and Cochrane) were searched. Among 1734 records, only four randomized controlled trials were included...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) is one of the main active components in Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (ginseng), which has been widely used to delay senescence or improve health conditions for more than 2000 years. Increasing studies have revealed that Rg1 could regulate cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, and might have protective effects on many chronic kidney diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most dangerous microvascular complications of diabetes and is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide...

Lack of effective drugs for acute kidney injury (AKI) grades 1-2 is a crucial challenge in clinic. Our previously single-center clinical studies indicated Chuan Huang Fang (CHF) might have nephroprotection in AKI on chronic kidney disease (CKD) (A on C) patients by preventing oxidant damage and inhibiting inflammation. Reduced glutathione (RG) has recently been shown to increase the clinical effectiveness of high-flux hemodialysis among patients with severe AKI. In this multicenter randomized controlled clinical study, we designed a new protocol to assess the efficacy and safety of CHF combining RG in patients with A on C...

BACKGROUND: Many observational epidemiology studies discovered that kidney cancer and impaired kidney function have a bidirectional relationship. However, it remains unclear whether these two kinds of traits are causally linked. In this study, we aimed to investigate the bidirectional causal relation between kidney cancer and kidney function biomarkers (creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcrea), cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFRcys), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum urate, and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR))...

Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a chronic progressive disorder which is a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). As an important pathogenesis of DKD, the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the inflammatory response have been considered central mediators in the progression of DKD. Herbal products are increasingly being applied as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. Of those, the effect of hydroxyl safflower yellow A (HSYA) on oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions has gradually been investigated for DKD treatment, which may provide therapies for DKD with new insights and promote its application in clinical practice...

AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the renoprotective effects of exosomes derived from rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) in a rat model of 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx)-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS: A rat model of 5/6 Nx-induced CKD was established using conventional method. rBMSC-derived exosomes were isolated using ultracentrifugation and characterized. The exosomes were injected into 5/6 Nx rats through the caudal vein. After 12 weeks, 24 h proteinuria, serum creatinine (SCr), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were evaluated, and renal pathology was analyzed by H&E and Masson staining, and transmission electron microscopy...

BACKGROUND: Chronic renal disease (CKD) is a common and irreversible loss of renal function. Renal fibrosis reflected the degree of renal dysfunction. However, the current biomarkers only characterize the renal function instead of indicating the fibrosis degree. The potential diagnostic value of urinary exosomes derived circRNAs for renal fibrosis needs to be further studied. METHODS: Urine exosomes from 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients without renal fibrosis and 3 renal fibrotic patients were collected and human circRNAs microarray analysis were performed to detect the circRNAs expression profile...

Ischemic hepatitis is a rare cause of acute liver injury (ALI) and is associated with various etiologies including cardiac failure, trauma, hemorrhage, and respiratory failure that all result in poor perfusion and oxygen delivery to the liver. A 30-year-old patient complained of orthopnea with a history of hepatitis C treatment and is currently on hemodialysis (HD) due to chronic allograft rejection. Also, he had previous pericardial effusion (PEFF) due to inadequate dialysis. Laboratory tests on admission revealed urinary tract infection, HCV PCR positive, and high blood urea nitrogen...

Diabetic nephropathy (DN)-chronic kidney damage caused by hyperglycemia-eventually develops into end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant that has a wide range of biological activities. Potentially helpful effects of melatonin on diabetic kidney disease have been found in several studies. However, its protective mechanisms are not clear and remain to be explored. In this review (CRD42021285429), we conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the effects and relevant mechanisms of melatonin for diminishing renal injuries in diabetes mellitus models...

Hypertension is a condition with chronic elevation of blood pressure and a common preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease with attendant global morbidity and mortality. The present study investigated the novel antihypertensive action of Naringenin on NƱ -Nitro-L-arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertension together with possible molecular mechanism of action. Rats were divided into four groups. Rats in Group A were normotensive. The hypertensive group (Group B) received 40 mg/kg) of L-NAME alone while Groups C and D were concurrently administered Naringenin (50 mg/kg) or Lisinopril (10 mg/Kg) together with L-NAME orally for 3 weeks...

Based on Guidelines for the Management of Clinical Comprehensive Evaluation of Drugs(trial version 2021), this study aims to sort out the clinical evidence of Huangkui Capsules(HC) in the treatment of chronic kidney diseases in aspects of safety, effectiveness, economy, innovation, suitability, accessibility, and characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine( "6+1" dimensions) from real-world data, secondary literature evaluations, questionnaires, and public data, with the methods in evidence-based medicine, epidemiology, pharmacoeconomics, and health technology...

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a global public health challenge resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality. AKI on chronic kidney disease (CKD) (AKI on CKD, A on C) accounts for about a third of total AKI. For severe AKI grade 3, renal replacement therapy (RRT) should be implemented in time. However, the lack of recognized drug treatment method for AKI grades 1-2 is a crucial problem in clinic. Chuan Huang Fang (CHF) is a Chinese herbal formulation developed for the treatment of A on C from the Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine...

Background and Objectives : According to a recent Cochrane systematic review, renal impairment can develop in 0-84% of childhood cancer survivors in the future. The renal function impairment in this patient group can be related to nephrectomy, nephrotoxic agents therapy, abdominal radiotherapy, and combinations of these treatment methods. In this study, in a population of patients after anti-neoplastic therapy, with particular emphasis on patients after Wilms' tumour treatment, we compared new substances which play role in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) pathogenesis (asymmetric dimethylarginine-ADMA, symmetric dimethylarginine-SDMA) with standard renal function markers (e...

OBJECTIVES: Among older adults in China and the US, we aimed to compare the biomarkers of chronic-kidney-diseases (CKD), factors associated with CKD, and the correlation between CKD and mortality. SETTING: China and the US. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional and prospective cohorts. PARTICIPANTS: We included 2019 participants aged 65 and above from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study (CLHLS) in 2012, and 2177 from US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2011-2014...

Glomerular diseases (GD) lead to a variety of disorders of the vascular and the total body water volumes. Various pathomechanisms, including vascular underfill and overfill, have been suggested to explain these disturbances. Accordingly, the circulating renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (cRAAS) is expected to be activated as either a cause or a result of these fluid disorders. The aim of this study was to characterize the activity of the cRAAS in dogs with GD and to evaluate its relationship with the vascular volume status...

AIMS: The nephrotoxicity of cyclosporine A (CsA) limits its use as an immunosuppressant. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of both acute and chronic kidney disease, and it is inhibited by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). We aimed to evaluate if geraniol, which can modulate both PPARγ and Wnt signaling, could protect against CsA-induced nephrotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rats (6 groups) received the vehicle or a combination of CsA (30 mg/kg) with the vehicle, geraniol (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg), or the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone for 4 weeks...

BACKGROUND: Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are correlated risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS: Using summary data from GIANT (Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits), DIAGRAM (DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis), and CKDGen (CKD Genetics), we examined causality and directionality of the association between obesity and kidney function. Bidirectional 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) estimated the total causal effects of body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) on kidney function, and vice versa...

Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) has an important role in chronic kidney disease development. The present study aimed to retrospectively analyze patients with idiopathic membranous nephrology (IMN) with different therapeutic outcomes to investigate the association between KIM-1 levels and therapeutic outcomes. A total of 51 patients with IMN and 20 healthy controls were included. Patients were classified into three groups: Spontaneous remission, remission with immunosuppressive therapy (IST) and nonremission with IST...

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of half-dose fluorescein sodium (FINa) contrast agent on liver and kidney functions in patients with mild to moderate (stage 1 to 3) chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). METHODS: Seventy-seven patients (including 50 male and 27 female patients with an mean age of 53.5±9.6 years) with CKD with normal renal function or mild to moderate abnormalities underwent fundus fluorescein angiography (FFG) examination with half-dose FINa...

PURPOSE: The aim of this research was to develop a simple equation to evaluate dietary protein intake (DPI) in patients with stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD) using the blood urea nitrogen (BUN)/serum creatinine (SCr) ratio (BUN/SCr). METHODS: In a prospective cohort of 136 inpatients with stage 3 CKD from 2 centres, the estimated dietary protein intake (DPI) was calculated using Maroni's formula after the patients implemented a 7 day protein-restricted diet...