Lavinia Del Punta, Nicolò De Biase, Matteo Mazzola, Francesco Filidei, Alessio Balletti, Silvia Armenia, Valerio Di Fiore, Simona Buralli, Gian Giacomo Galeotti, Marco De Carlo, Cristina Giannini, Stefano Masi, Nicola Riccardo Pugliese
Background : We evaluated the bio-humoral and non-invasive haemodynamic correlates of renal congestion evaluated by Doppler renal venous flow (RVF) across the heart failure (HF) spectrum, from asymptomatic subjects with cardiovascular risk factors (Stage A) and structural heart disease (Stage B) to patients with clinically overt HF (Stage C). Methods : Ultrasound evaluation, including echocardiography, lung ultrasound and RVF, along with blood and urine sampling, was performed in 304 patients. Results : Continuous RVF was observed in 230 patients (76%), while discontinuous RVF (dRVF) was observed in 74 (24%): 39 patients had pulsatile RVF, 18 had biphasic RVF and 17 had monophasic RVF...
September 24, 2023: Medicina