Community organizing

Traditional autoclaving, slow degradation rate and preservation of biomass treated by fungi are the main factors restricting biological treatment. In our previous studies, strains with high efficiency and selective lignin degradation ability were obtained. To further solve the limiting factors of biological treatment, this paper proposed a composite treatment technology, which could replace autoclaves for fungal treatment and improve the preservation and utilization of fungal-pretreated straw. The autoclaved and expanded buckwheat straw were, respectively, degraded by Irpex lacteus for 14 days (CIL, EIL), followed by ensiling of raw materials (CK) and biodegraded straw of CIL and EIL samples with Lactobacillus plantarum for different days, respectively (CP, CIP, EIP)...

This study delves into the aroma characteristics and microbial composition of filler tobacco leaves (FTLs) sourced from six distinct cigar-growing regions within Yunnan, China, following standardized fermentation. An integrated approach using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), electronic nose (E-nose), and microbiome analysis was employed for comprehensive profiling. Results derived from Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) using E-nose data confirmed the presence of notable variability in flavor substance profiles among the FTLs from six regions...

Proteolysis is the rate-limiting step in the mineralization of organic nitrogen into ammonium (NH4 + ) and thereby the ammonia (NH3 ) released during the composting. However, the dynamics of bacterial proteolytic communities related to NH3 emissions during the composting systems are mostly unknown. This study aimed to examine and compare the effects of hyperthermophilic pretreatment composting (HPC) and traditional composting (TC) methods on (i) the difference of NH3 loss and nitrogenous compounds; (ii) the dynamics of the proteolytic bacterial community involved in the proteolysis and (iii) the correlation between the proteolytic bacterial community, biophysiochemical characteristics and NH3 loss...

Fermentation is the key process required for developing the characteristic properties of cigar tobacco leaves, complex microorganisms are involved in this process. However, the microbial fermentation mechanisms during the fermentation process have not been well-characterized. This study investigated the dynamic changes in conventional chemical composition, flavor compounds, and bacterial community during the fermentation of cigar tobacco leaves from Hainan and Sichuan provinces in China, as well as the potential roles of bacteria...

Microbial communities display complex spatiotemporal behaviors leading to spatially-structured and ordered organization driven by species interactions and environmental factors. Resource availability plays a pivotal role in shaping the dynamics of bacterial colonies. In this study, we delve into the intricate interplay between resource limitation and the emergent properties of a growing colony of two visually distinct bacterial strains having similar growth and mechanical properties. Employing an agent-based modeling and computer simulations, we analyze the resource-driven effect on segregation and sectoring, cell length regulation and nematic ordering within a growing colony...

Creating a reusable adhesive that can hold objects on a wall and can yet be easily removed al for researchers in the adhesives community for many years. Geckos and other climbing organisms demonstrate just this ability: to hold large loads (on-state) due to specialized digits and microstructures, yet they are also able to quickly peel their feet from a surface while climbing (off-state). Inspired by the simplicity of the gecko's geometric switching mechanism, we have investigated the use of origami design methods to create geometries that can transition from a stiff configuration to a more flexible and easily peeled configuration...

Acinetobacter johnsonii and Shewanella putrefaciens were identified as specific spoilage organisms in aquatic food. The interactions among specific spoilage organisms under cold stress have a significant impact on the assembly of microbial communities, which play crucial roles in the spoilage and cold adaptation processes. The limited understanding of A. johnsonii and S. putrefaciens interactions in the cold adaptation mechanism hinders the elucidation of their roles in protein and metabolism levels. 4D quantitative proteomic analysis showed that the coculture of A...

Soil nitrogen and phosphorus are two key elements limiting tree growth in subtropical areas. Understanding the regulation of soil microorganisms on nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition is beneficial to reveal maintenance mechanism of soil fertility in plantations. We analyzed the characteristics of soil nitrogen and phosphorus fractions, soil microbial community composition and function, and their relationship across three stands of two-layered Cunninghumia lanceolata + Phoebe bournei with different ages (4, 7 and 11 a) and the pure C...

PURPOSE: Delayed or improper identification of immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) during cancer treatment can impact time to receive proper treatment. This study describes rates of IRAE recognition and appropriate treatment in adult patients with cancer at a community teaching hospital. METHODS: This single-center, retrospective, cohort study evaluated rates of proper IRAE treatment in conjunction with National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines. Secondary outcomes included time from presentation to IRAE diagnosis and hospital readmissions/repeat emergency department (ED) visits following initial admission for IRAE...

INTRODUCTION: cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major public health issue with a high global death rate and a significant death contribution from low-and middle-income countries. Modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors assessment and screening are important in their effective prevention and control. This study was designed to screen and assess cardiovascular risk factors in an agrarian community in Nigeria and to predict their 10-year CVD risk. METHODS: this was a cross-sectional study carried out in the Umueri community in Anambra State, Nigeria...

The WHO African Region had 81 million people with chronic hepatitis B in 2019, which remains a silent killer. Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis delta virus (HDV), and HIV can be transmitted from the mother to child. If the HBV infection is acquired at infancy, it may lead to chronic hepatitis B in 90% of the cases. WHO reports that 6.4 million children under 5 years live with chronic hepatitis B infection worldwide. The prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HBV is therefore critical in the global elimination strategy of viral hepatitis as we take lessons from PMTCT of HIV programs in Africa...

Understanding belowground plant-microbial interactions is important for biodiversity maintenance, community assembly and ecosystem functioning of forest ecosystems. Consequently, a large number of studies were conducted on root and microbial interactions, especially in the context of precipitation and temperature gradients under global climate change scenarios. Forests ecosystems have high biodiversity of plants and associated microbes, and contribute to major primary productivity of terrestrial ecosystems...

BACKGROUND: Malaria is a leading cause of death among children under 5 years of age in sub-Saharan Africa. The malaria vaccine is an important preventive measure introduced by the World Health Organization to reduce malaria and its associated mortality and morbidity. We aimed to assess the acceptance of the malaria vaccine among next of kin of children under 5 years of age in Gulu City, Northern Uganda. METHODS: Between October and December 2023, we conducted a cross-sectional study in Pece-Laroo division, Gulu City, Uganda...

Transparent microelectrodes have received much attention from the biomedical community due to their unique advantages in concurrent crosstalk-free electrical and optical interrogation of cell/tissue activity. Despite recent progress in constructing transparent microelectrodes, a major challenge is to simultaneously achieve desirable mechanical stretchability, optical transparency, electrochemical performance, and chemical stability for high-fidelity, conformal, and stable interfacing with soft tissue/organ systems...

Diabetes mellitus is one of the biggest challenges for the scientific community in the 21st century. With the increasing number of cases of diabetes and drug-resistant diabetes, there is an urgent need to develop new potent molecules capable of combating this cruel disease. Medicinal chemistry concerns the discovery, development, identification, and interpretation of the mode of action of biologically active compounds at the molecular level. Oxadiazole-based derivatives have come up as a potential option for antidiabetic drug research...

Intra- and inter-organismal interactions play a crucial role in the maintenance and function of individuals, as well as communities. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as effective mediators for the communication both within and between species. They can carry and transport molecular cargoes to transmit biological messages. Several databases (ExoBCD, ExoCarta, EVpedia, EV-TRACK, Vesiclepedia) complied the cargoes information including DNA, RNA, protein, lipid and metabolite associated with EVs...

Microbial activity and interaction are the important driving factors in the start-up phase of food waste composting at low temperature. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of inoculating Bacillus licheniformis on the degradation of organic components and the potential microbe-driven mechanism from the aspects of organic matter degradation, enzyme activity, microbial community interaction, and microbial metabolic function. The results showed that after inoculating B. licheniformis, temperature increased to 47...

Oil and gas exploitation introduces toxic contaminants such as hydrocarbons and heavy metals to the surrounding sediment, resulting in deleterious impacts on marine benthic communities. This study combines benthic monitoring data over a 30-year period in the North Sea with dietary information on >1400 taxa to quantify the effects of active oil and gas platforms on benthic food webs using a multiple before-after control-impact experiment. Contamination from oil and gas platforms caused declines in benthic food web complexity, community abundance, and biodiversity...

Compost-based organic fertilizers often contain high levels of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Previous studies focused on quantification of total ARGs and MGEs. For a more accurate risk assessment of the dissemination risk of antibiotic resistance, it is necessary to quantify the intracellular and extracellular distribution of ARGs and MGEs. In the present study, extracellular ARGs and MGEs (eARGs and eMGEs) and intracellular ARGs and MGEs (iARGs and iMGEs) were separately analyzed in 51 commercial composts derived from different raw materials by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and metagenomic sequencing...

Urban green spaces provide multiple ecosystem services and have great influences on human health. However, the compositions and properties of urban soil are not well understood yet. In this study, soil samples were collected from 45 parks in Ningbo to investigate the relationships among soil physicochemical properties, heavy metals and bacterial communities. The results showed that soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) was of high molecular weight, high aromaticity, and low degree of humification. The contents of heavy metals were all below the China's national standard safety limit (GB 3660-2018)...