histopathology,pathology

To maintain microenvironmental and cellular homeostasis, cells respond to multiple stresses by activating characteristic cellular mechanisms consisting of receptors, signal transducers, and effectors. Dysfunction of these mechanisms can trigger multiple human diseases as well as cancers. Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinases (DYRKs) are members of the CMGC group and are evolutionarily conserved from yeast to mammals. Previous studies revealed that DYRK2 has important roles in the regulation of the cell cycle and survival in cancer cells...

The probiotic Enterococcus faecium is a gut microbe with immunomodulatory effects, which has been widely used to prevent diarrhoea in pigs and birds. Escherichia coli is a common pathogen that causes inflammatory bowel disease in animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of E. faecium on enteritis in goats. Forty goats were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups: control, E. faecium, E. coli, and E. faecium + E. coli. The changes of physiological indicators and diarrhoea scoring were evaluated on days -4, -2, 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8...

Pituitary tumors present heterogeneous biochemical, clinico-radiological, and histological features. Although histologically benign, a non-negligible number of cases present an unpredictable aggressive behavior with local invasiveness, partial/complete resistance to treatment and/or recurrence after surgery, and, rarely, metastasize, overall leading to a significant increase of morbidity, and, thus, requiring skilled multidisciplinary management in referral Centers. Histopathological diagnosis is essential to stratify cancer patient risk and uniform follow-up among Centers...

INTRODUCTION: Histological images contain phenotypic information predictive of patient outcomes. Due to the heavy workload of pathologists, the time-consuming nature of quantitatively assessing histological features, and human eye limitations to recognize spatial patterns, manually extracting prognostic information in routine pathological workflows remains challenging. Digital pathology has facilitated the mining and quantification of these features utilizing whole-slide image (WSI) scanners and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms...

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Introduction: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterised by endothelial dysfunction and pathological vascular remodelling, resulting in the occlusion of pulmonary arteries and arterioles, right ventricular hypertrophy, and eventually fatal heart failure. Targeting the apelin receptor with the novel, G protein-biased peptide agonist, MM07, is hypothesised to reverse the developed symptoms of elevated right ventricular systolic pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy. Here, the effects of MM07 were compared with the clinical standard-of-care endothelin receptor antagonist macitentan...

Actinomycosis, a rare chronic bacterial infection caused by Actinomyces species, presents diagnostic challenges due to diverse clinical presentations. This report presents a case of peritoneal actinomycosis incidentally discovered during a total abdominal hysterectomy in a 44-year-old female with refractory abnormal uterine bleeding and a history of long-term intrauterine contraceptive device use. The patient presented with persistent abnormal uterine bleeding despite conservative management. Intraoperative findings during total abdominal hysterectomy revealed peritoneal involvement, prompting histopathological evaluation confirming actinomycosis...

Autopsy investigations of deaths following nosocomial coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection have enormous medical and social significance, as autopsies are essential for the correct statistical recording of COVID-19 deaths, presenting new lessons, which is important to policymakers and in the improvement of public health in general.  Our study is based on the presentation of a case of a road traffic accident involving an elderly 73-year-old female with a complication of nosocomial COVID-19 infection and death leading to forensic pathological investigation...

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is common and often self-limited. Reactivation results in a variety of disease presentations, especially in the setting of immunocompromise. While cutaneous manifestations of systemic CMV infection are rare, dermatologic manifestations of CMV are increasingly reported with a wide morphologic spectrum clinically. Three male patients, with untreated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), penile lichenoid dermatitis treated with long-term topical and intralesional corticosteroids, and metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma on immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, each presented with isolated cutaneous ulcers...

BACKGROUNDS: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem. All progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Exposure to high concentrations of carbon tetrachloride (including vapor) can destroy the kidneys. Autophagy played an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of organs. Impaired autophagy was frequently associated with renal damage and fibrosis. Recent data suggests that metformin protects against a variety of kidney disorders...

Cryptococcus is an encapsulated yeast that is found in both yeast and hyphal forms. Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii are the most medically important species, causing disease in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. A large, friable, sublingual mass was surgically resected from the oral cavity of a pink-tongued skink (Cyclodomorphus gerarrdii). Histopathology, fungal culture and PCR testing with Sanger sequencing confirmed granulomatous inflammation containing large numbers of yeasts identified as Cryptococcus neoformans var...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Schima wallichii (D.C.) Korth is traditionally used in Manipur, India for treatment of diabetes and hypertension. However, there is no data reported regarding safety profile of this medicinal plant upon repeated per oral administration over a period of time. AIM OF THE STUDY: In the current study phytochemical profile, toxicological profile and total phenolic and flavonoid compound content of Schima wallichii leaves extract were evaluated...

Etomidate is a nonbarbiturate sedative derived from imidazole. Prolonged and excessive use of etomidate can lead to the suppression of adrenocortical function, myoclonus, and even death. This report describes a rare case of a 47-year-old man who died from acute intoxication after oral ingestion of liquid containing etomidate. The cause of death was conclusively attributed to etomidate based on a comprehensive investigation, including autopsy, histopathological examination, toxicological analysis, and biochemical analysis...

The progress of research focused on cholangiocytes and the biliary tree during development and following injury is hindered by limited available quantitative methodologies. Current techniques include two-dimensional standard histological cell-counting approaches, which are rapidly performed error-prone and lack architectural context; or three-dimensional analysis of the biliary tree in opacified livers, which introduce technical issues along with minimal quantitation. The present study aims to fill these quantitative gaps with a supervised machine learning model (BiliQML) able to quantify biliary forms in the liver of anti-Keratin 19 antibody-stained whole slide images...

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer in men accounts for around 1 % of all cases of the disease. The study aimed to identify histopathological parameters and selected biomarkers in men with breast cancer. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective study of archival material from 53 men diagnosed with breast cancer at the department of pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, in the period 1996-2020. The prevalence of the oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PGR) and Human Epidermal Growth Factor (HER2) biomarkers was examined...

OBJECTIVE: The pathological features of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) are dominated by the infiltration of macrophages. We aimed to perform a histopathologic semiquantitative analysis to investigate the relationship between macrophage markers and prognosis. METHODS: Semiquantitative analysis of histologic features was performed in 62 samples of IMNM. Independent risk factors were identified through univariate and multivariate regression analysis. Cluster analysis was performed using the partitioning around the medoids (PAM) method...

The intratarsal keratinous cyst (IKC) is a recently described entity, often clinically misdiagnosed as a chalazion. We report a case of a 61-year-old male patient with a chief complaint of a small lesion on the upper eyelid that evolved over six months. On physical examination, an asymptomatic, firm nodule was identified on the left upper eyelid. The patient reported no history of trauma. A provisional diagnosis of chalazion was established, and an excisional biopsy was performed. Histopathologically, the lesion was lined with a stratified squamous epithelium, with a corrugated epithelial surface showing abrupt keratinization without keratohyalin granules, and compact keratinous-appearing material in the cystic lumen...

AIMS: Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma (LGMS) is a rarely metastasizing myofibroblastic tumour mostly affecting extremities and the head and neck of adults. Histologically, it shows long infiltrative fascicles of spindle cells with moderate nuclear atypia. By immunohistochemistry, it stains positive for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and sometimes for desmin. To date, no recurrent genetic abnormalities have been described. Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 6 (USP6) gene rearrangement is typically found in some benign bone and soft-tissue tumours including nodular fasciitis (NF), among others...

BACKGROUND: There are limited data on the role of multigene tests and their correlation with immunohistochemistry (IHC), especially on core biopsy. MammaTyper is a quantitative conformite Europeeanne (CE) marked, National Institute for Health and Care excellence (NICE) approved, in in vitro diagnostic quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) test for assessment of mRNA expression of four biomarkers (ESR1, PGR, ERBB2, MKI67). METHODS: We evaluated the concordance of MammaTyper with oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER2, and Ki67 by IHC on 133 core needle biopsies of breast cancer...

Breast granular cell tumors, which are benign and rare tumors of the breast, pose a diagnostic challenge due to their rarity and nuanced clinical presentations. This article explores a unique case of a 41-year-old female with a biopsy-confirmed granular cell tumor, shedding light on the intricacies involved in diagnosis. Rooted in a neuroectodermal origin, particularly Schwann cells, these tumors demand a multidimensional diagnostic approach for accurate identification. Despite their predominantly benign nature, malignant variants exist, necessitating a thorough histomorphology examination, supported by immunohistochemistry, for precise classification...