keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38240303/artificial-intelligence-enabled-stool-analysis-for-lactulose-titration-assistance-in-hepatic-encephalopathy-through-a-smartphone-application
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Beatriz Sordi Chara, Kamalpreet S Hara, Daniel Penrice, Kathryn A Schmidt, Blake A Kassmeyer, Jacob Anstey, David Tiede, Patrick S Kamath, Vijay H Shah, Jasmohan S Bajaj, Asaf Kraus, Douglas A Simonetto
INTRODUCTION: Management of hepatic encephalopathy relies on self-titration of lactulose. In this feasibility trial, we assess an artificial intelligence-enabled tool to guide lactulose use through a smartphone application. METHODS: Subjects with hepatic encephalopathy on lactulose captured bowel movement pictures during lead-in and intervention phases. During the intervention phase, daily feedback on lactulose titration was delivered through the application. Goals were determined according to number of bowel movement and Bristol Stool Scale reports...
February 23, 2024: American Journal of Gastroenterology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38231866/natural-deep-eutectic-solvents-for-solubility-and-selective-fractionation-of-bioactive-low-molecular-weight-carbohydrates
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ignacio Jiménez-Amezcua, Manuel Ignacio López Martínez, Ana Isabel Ruiz Matute, María Luz Sanz
Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) have been shown to be selective and environmentally friendly solvents for the extraction of bioactive compounds. However, studies on the solubility of low-molecular-weight carbohydrates (LMWCs) in NADESs are scarce. In this work, new solubility data of LMWCs in NADESs are provided and a new approach based on the use of these solvents for the efficient fractionation of bioactive carbohydrates was explored for the first time. Several mono- and disaccharides and three NADESs based on choline chloride (ChCl) and different donors (2-ethylene glycol (EtG), glycerol (Gly) and ethanedioic acid dihydrate (Eth)) were considered...
December 2, 2023: Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38231767/increase-in-lactulose-content-in-a-hot-alkaline-based-system-through-fermentation-with-a-selected-lactic-acid-bacteria-strain-followed-by-the-%C3%AE-galactosidase-catalysis-process
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yaozu Guo, Wenlong Ma, Manxi Song, Wenqiong Wang, Boxing Yin, Ruixia Gu
In this study, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation and β-galactosidase catalysis methods were combined to increase the lactulose concentration and reduce the galactose and lactose content in a hot-alkaline-based system. The optimal conditions for chemical isomerization were 70 °C for 50 min for lactulose production, in which the concentration of lactulose was 31.3 ± 1.2%. Then, the selection and identification of LAB, which can utilize lactose and cannot affect lactulose content, were determined from 451 strains in the laboratory...
November 29, 2023: Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38221945/the-contributions-of-bacteria-metabolites-to-the-development-of-hepatic-encephalopathy
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Miranda Claire Gilbert, Tahereh Setayesh, Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
Over 20% of mortality during acute liver failure is associated with the development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Thus, HE is a complication of acute liver failure with a broad spectrum of neuropsychiatric abnormalities ranging from subclinical alterations to coma. HE is caused by the diversion of portal blood into systemic circulation through portosystemic collateral vessels. Thus, the brain is exposed to intestinal-derived toxic substances. Moreover, the strategies to prevent advancement and improve the prognosis of such a liver-brain disease rely on intestinal microbial modulation...
December 2023: Liver Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38215781/managing-cirrhosis-with-limited-resources-perspectives-from-sub-saharan-africa
#25
REVIEW
Mark W Sonderup, Patrick S Kamath, Yaw A Awuku, Hailemichael Desalegn, Neliswa Gogela, Leolin Katsidzira, Christian Tzeuton, Bilal Bobat, Chris Kassianides, C Wendy Spearman
Cirrhosis represents the end stage of chronic liver disease. Sub-Saharan Africa, a resource-constrained region, has a high burden of chronic liver disease, with causes including chronic viral hepatitis, excessive alcohol use, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), the risk of which is burgeoning. The development of liver cirrhosis predicts for morbidity and mortality, driven by both liver dysfunction and the consequences of portal hypertension. Compensated cirrhosis portends a better prognosis than decompensated cirrhosis, highlighting the need for the early diagnosis of cirrhosis and its causes...
February 2024: Lancet. Gastroenterology & Hepatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38202028/post-transjugular-intrahepatic-portosystemic-shunt-tips-hepatic-encephalopathy-a-review-of-the-past-decade-s-literature-focusing-on-incidence-risk-factors-and-prophylaxis
#26
REVIEW
Karina Holm Friis, Karen Louise Thomsen, Wim Laleman, Sara Montagnese, Hendrik Vilstrup, Mette Munk Lauridsen
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) is an established treatment for portal hypertension and its' complications in liver cirrhosis, yet the development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) remains a significant concern. This review covers the reported incidence, risk factors, and management strategies for post-TIPS HE over the past decade. Incidence varies widely (7-61%), with factors like age, liver function, hyponatremia, and spontaneous portosystemic shunts influencing risk. Procedural aspects, including TIPS timing, indication, and stent characteristics, also contribute...
December 19, 2023: Journal of Clinical Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38188082/coadministration-of-lactulose-with-probiotics-ameliorates-loperamide-induced-constipation-in-mice
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chun Woong Park, Jihyun Lee, Yang Hee Hong, Young Suk Kim, Hyung Joo Suh, Yejin Ahn
We evaluated the efficacy of mixtures of lactulose with probiotic strains to ameliorate constipation and to identify suitable probiotic strains. Constipation was induced in Institute of Cancer Research mice (6-week-old, male) by the administering loperamide (5 mg/kg, twice a day) orally for 5 days, whereas the control group was not treated. To evaluate the laxative effects of the lactulose-probiotic and lactulose-magnesium hydroxide mixtures, fecal parameters, the gastrointestinal (GI) transit ratio, and fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content were analyzed...
December 31, 2023: Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38163229/a-novel-inhibitor-of-sars-cov-infection-lactulose-octasulfate-interferes-with-ace2-spike-protein-binding
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rami Adel Pashameah, Raya Soltane, Ahmed M Sayed
The ongoing challenge of managing coronaviruses, particularly SARS-CoV-2, necessitates the development of effective antiviral agents. This study introduces Lactulose octasulfate (LOS), a sulfated disaccharide, demonstrating significant antiviral activity against key coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV. We hypothesize LOS operates extracellularly, targeting the ACE2-S-protein axis, due to its low cellular permeability. Our investigation combines biolayer interferometry (BLI), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC)-based experiments with in silico studies, revealing LOS's ability to reduce SARS-CoV-2's RBD's affinity for ACE2 in a dose-dependent manner, and bind tightly to ACE2 without inhibiting its enzymatic activity...
January 15, 2024: Heliyon
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38155739/-in-vitro-intestinal-simulation-system-on-the-carbon-source-utilization-characteristics-and-mechanism-of-interspecific-syntrophic-effects-of-bifidobacterium-longum-cect7894-and-pediococcus-pentosaceus-cect8330
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jinjun Li, Lei Xu, Jiahao Liao, Xiaoqiong Li, Xin Wang, Qinbin Wu, Liying Zhu
The combination of Bifidobacterium longum and Pediococcus pentosaceus is a clinically effective probiotic formulation for alleviating infantile colic; however, their utilization characteristics and mechanism of action surrounding their combined use of sugar sources remains unclear. Using in vitro simulation technology, this study set up individual and mixed cultures of the two probiotics at unique concentrations, and different types of prebiotics, carbohydrates and polyols were added. Gas and short-chain fatty acid production, substrate utilization, as well as growth of the individual and mixed probiotics were detected at the beginning of fermentation, 24 h, and 48 h...
2023: Frontiers in Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38153339/ai-evaluation-of-stool-quality-guides-management-of-hepatic-encephalopathy-using-a-smartphone-app
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrew Fagan, Mary Leslie Gallagher, Travis Mousel, Brian C Davis, Michael Fuchs, Puneet Puri, Jacob Anstey, David Tiede, Douglas A Simonetto, Asaf Kraus, Jasmohan S Bajaj
Lactulose-based hepatic encephalopathy (HE) treatment requires bowel movements/day(BMs) titration, which is improves with Bristol stool scale (BSS) incorporation. Dieta-App evaluates AI-based BSS(AI-BSS) with stool images. Initially, controls(N=13) and cirrhosis patients on lactulose/not(n=33) were trained on the App. They entered self-reported-BSS(self-BSS) with AI-BSS communicated. Lactulose dose changes were tracked. A subset (n=12) was retested with AI communication blocked. Most subjects were comfortable with the App...
December 28, 2023: American Journal of Gastroenterology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38147599/prophylactic-lactulose-therapy-in-patients-with-cirrhosis-and-upper-gastrointestinal-bleeding-a-meta-analysis-of-randomized-trials
#31
Akash Roy, Suprabhat Giri, Ankita Singh, Arun Vaidya, Sumaswi Angadi
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Lactulose is the first-line drug for both treatment and secondary prophylaxis for overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE). The use of lactulose for the primary prophylaxis of HE in patients with cirrhosis and acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB) has been debated. Hence, we conducted this meta-analysis to assess the role of lactulose in HE prophylaxis in patients with cirrhosis and AUGIB. METHODS: A comprehensive search of literature from inception to December 2022 was performed of three databases for randomized studies comparing lactulose and placebo in patients with cirrhosis and AUGIB...
December 22, 2023: Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases: JGLD
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38140285/metabolomic-profiling-of-obese-patients-with-altered-intestinal-permeability-undergoing-a-very-low-calorie-ketogenic-diet
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Francesco Maria Calabrese, Giuseppe Celano, Giuseppe Riezzo, Benedetta D'Attoma, Antonia Ignazzi, Martina Di Chito, Annamaria Sila, Sara De Nucci, Roberta Rinaldi, Michele Linsalata, Mirco Vacca, Carmen Aurora Apa, Maria De Angelis, Gianluigi Giannelli, Giovanni De Pergola, Francesco Russo
A healthy intestinal permeability facilitates the selective transport of nutrients, metabolites, water, and bacterial products, involving cellular, neural, hormonal, and immune factors. An altered intestinal permeability indicates pathologic phenotypes and is associated with the exacerbation of obesity and related comorbidities. To investigate the impact of altered permeability in obese patients undergoing a calorie-restrictive dietary regimen (VLCKD), we collected urinary and fecal samples from obese patients with both normal and altered permeability (determined based on the lactulose/mannitol ratio) before and after treatment...
December 7, 2023: Nutrients
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38138246/a-comprehensive-overview-of-the-past-current-and-future-randomized-controlled-trials-in-hepatic-encephalopathy
#33
REVIEW
Ovidiu-Dumitru Ilie, Raluca Duta, Ilinca-Bianca Nita, Irina Dobrin, Irina-Luciana Gurzu, Irina Girleanu, Laura Huiban, Cristina Muzica, Alin Ciobica, Roxana Popescu, Petru Cianga, Carol Stanciu, Diana Cimpoesu, Anca Trifan
Background: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) caused by cirrhosis has severe consequences on an individual's lifespan, leading to long-term liver complications and potentially life-threatening outcomes. Despite recent interest in this condition, the effectiveness of secondary prophylaxis involving rixafimin, lactulose, or L-ornithine L-aspartate (LOLA) may be hindered by the unique microbial profiles each patient possesses. Methods: Thus, in this manuscript, we aimed to search, identify, and gather all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2000-2023 (November) in four major academic databases such as PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect by using a controlled terminology and web strings that reunite six main keywords...
December 10, 2023: Medicina
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38116527/oregano-essential-oil-modulates-colonic-homeostasis-and-intestinal-barrier-function-in-fattening-bulls
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yue Ma, Jinping Shi, Li Jia, Pengjia He, Ying Wang, Xiao Zhang, Yongliang Huang, Qiang Cheng, Zhao Zhang, Youchao Dai, Meiling Xu, Zhaomin Lei
Oregano essential oil (OEO) primarily contains phenolic compounds and can serve as a dietary supplement for fattening bulls. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains largely elusive. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of adding OEO to diet on the integrity of the intestinal barrier, composition of the colonic microbiome, and production of microbial metabolites in fattening bulls. Our goal was to provide insights into the utilization of plant essential oil products in promoting gastrointestinal health and welfare in animals...
2023: Frontiers in Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38109364/hepatic-encephalopathy-from-novel-pathogenesis-mechanism-to-emerging-treatments
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chon Kit Pun, Hui-Chun Huang, Ching-Chih Chang, Shao-Jung Hsu, Yi-Hsiang Huang, Ming-Chih Hou, Fa-Yauh Lee
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is one of the major complications of liver disease and significantly affects the quality of life (QOL) of patients. HE is common and frequently relapses in cirrhotic patients. The management of hepatic encephalopathy is supportive, and precipitating conditions should be eliminated. Most drugs used to treat HE are conventional, and include nonabsorbable disaccharides such as lactulose, and antibiotics such as rifaximin. However, their therapeutic efficacy is still suboptimal and novel therapeutic agents are urgently needed...
December 18, 2023: Journal of the Chinese Medical Association: JCMA
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38107105/the-effect-of-different-prebiotics-on-intestinal-probiotics-in-newly-diagnosed-diabetic-patients
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yu Zhang, Lidan Yang, Yitian Wu, He He, Yuping Zeng, Zhenmei An, Weiguo Jia
Prebiotics exert favorable effects on the host through interactions with probiotics, and their beneficial impacts have been extensively validated across various chronic ailments, including diabetes. This study presents findings from a case-control investigation involving 10 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 10 healthy counterparts. Fresh stool specimens were collected from all participants. Following a 24-h fermentation period in mediums containing xylitol and mannitol, the observed increase in Lactobacillus abundance within the case group exceeded that of the control group...
December 2023: Food Science & Nutrition
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38103531/the-dual-sugar-test-lactulose-plus-mannitol-is-an-unreliable-indicator-of-feed-withdrawal-associated-changes-in-intestinal-permeability-in-broiler-chickens
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sujiyanto, Cameron S White, Laura L Bauer, Ryan N Dilger
Despite its importance in poultry research, there is lack of standardized and practical techniques to measure intestinal permeability in a noninvasive manner. Therefore, this research sought to standardize a procedure using lactulose (Lac) and mannitol (Man) to measure intestinal barrier function in broilers. Twenty-one-day-old male and female Ross 308 birds were orally gavaged (either 2 mL/kg BW or fixed 3 mL per bird) with a solution containing 5 to 25 g Lac and 1 to 5 g Man dissolved in pure water to reach 100 mL of final solution...
November 30, 2023: Poultry Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38076365/factors-affecting-and-promoting-health-related-quality-of-life-in-patients-with-liver-cirrhosis-an-underestimated-domain-in-patient-care
#38
REVIEW
Siddheesh Rajpurohit, Balaji Musunuri, Pooja B Mohan, Ganesh Bhat, Shiran Shetty
Cirrhosis patients have poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL). To enhance medical care and therapeutic approaches, it is crucial to identify factors that alter HRQoL in patients with cirrhosis. The present study aims to identify the potential factors affecting and promoting HRQoL in patients with liver cirrhosis. Four databases were extensively searched, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar. All original articles with liver cirrhosis and factor-altering HRQoL were included. The present study showed that elderly age, female gender, low family income, low body mass index (BMI), presence of anxiety and depression, presence of cirrhosis complications including ascites, hepatic encephalopathy (HE), and abnormal endoscopic findings, high disease severity score, presence of sarcopenia, disturbed sleep pattern, muscle cramps, poor sexual health, and increased levels of bilirubin, prothrombin time, and albumin-bilirubin ratio were the significant factors associated with lower HRQoL scores...
2024: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hepatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38073979/monocrotophos-induced-intermediate-syndrome-complicated-by-hyperammonemic-encephalopathy-a-case-report
#39
Bijit Bharali, Naveen Kumaran, Durga Shankar Meena, Mahendra Kumar Garg
Organophosphorus (OP) poisoning is the most common type of poisoning in India. Amongst the OP, monocrotophos poisoning has the highest lethality and need for mechanical ventilation. Monocrotophos is also implicated in causing OP-induced intermediate syndrome, the prevalence of which is 10-40% of all OP poisoning. The other neurological manifestations are delayed neuropathy and neuropsychiatric syndrome. We herein discuss a case of a 58-year-old male who presented with monocrotophos poisoning and intermediate syndrome...
November 2023: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38050499/recurrent-mental-status-changes-in-a-patient-with-chronic-alcoholic-cirrhosis-taking-diuretics-a-case-report
#40
Emily A Colalillo, Peter J Rogu, Jonathan Wierzbicki
Cirrhosis of the liver, characterized by fibrous tissue replacing normal cells, disrupts physiological function and blood circulation. A further consequence of this is hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a neuropsychiatric syndrome that can range in severity from mild cognitive disturbances to full coma. This case follows the course of a 63-year-old Caucasian female with chronic liver cirrhosis who presents with recurrent episodes of mental status changes. Although each episode was treated with first-line pharmacologic interventions of lactulose, her HE recurrence persisted...
November 2023: Curēus
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