keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38495281/can-rifaximin-for-hepatic-encephalopathy-be-discontinued-during-broad-spectrum-antibiotic-treatment
#1
EDITORIAL
Chien-Hao Huang, Piero Amodio
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a formidable complication in patients with decompensated cirrhosis, often necessitating the administration of rifaximin (RFX) for effective management. RFX, is a gut-restricted, poorly-absorbable oral rifamycin derived antibiotic that can be used in addition to lactulose for the secondary prophylaxis of HE. It has shown notable reductions in infection, hospital readmission, duration of hospital stay, and mortality. However, limited data exist about the concurrent use of RFX with broad-spectrum antibiotics, because the patients are typically excluded from studies assessing RFX efficacy in HE...
February 27, 2024: World Journal of Hepatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38492132/prophylaxis-of-hepatic-encephalopathy-current-and-future-drug-targets
#2
REVIEW
Sudhir Maharshi, Barjesh Chander Sharma
Hepatic encephalopathy is described by a broad spectrum of neurological and psychiatric aberrations resulting due to advanced liver dysfunction. It is a neurological disorder due to hepatic insufficiency and/or portosystemic shunts. Its clinical presentation includes neuropsychiatric dysfunction ranging from subclinical changes to comatose state. It is a sign of poor prognosis in cirrhotics with a high 1-year mortality. Each episode of hepatic encephalopathy leads to high hospitalization rate, poor prognosis and raised burden of healthcare...
March 16, 2024: Hepatology International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38479595/cinnamaldehyde-lactulose-combination-therapy-alleviates-thioacetamide-induced-hepatic-encephalopathy-via-targeting-p2x7r-mediated-nlrp3-inflammasome-signaling
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Al Shaima G Abd El Salam, Nesma A Abd Elrazik
AIMS: Cinnamaldehyde (CA), the main active constituent of cinnamon oil, is reported to have neuroprotective effects. However, the potential benefits of CA for brain protection in hepatic encephalopathy (HE) are still not understood. Thus, the present study investigates the possible ameliorative effect of CA (70 mg/kg/day, I.P.) either alone or in combination with lactulose (Lac) (5.3 g/kg/day, oral) against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatic encephalopathy in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For induction of HE, TAA (200 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered for 1 week at alternative days...
March 11, 2024: Life Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38435950/efficacy-and-safety-of-variable-treatment-options-in-the-prevention-of-hepatic-encephalopathy-a-systematic-review-and-network-meta-analysis
#4
REVIEW
Mohamed Hammd, Abdelwahap Elghezewi, Ahmed Abdulhadi, Abdelwahhab Alabid, Abdulfatah Alabid, Yasra Badi, Ibrahem Kamal, Mohamed Hesham Gamal, Khalid Mohamed Fisal, Mohamed Mujtaba, Ahmed Sherif, Wesam Frandah
There are no guidelines for the most effective medication to reduce hepatic encephalopathy (HE) or the associated mortality. The purpose of this study is to determine the most effective possible treatment among the single treatment options or the combined treatment options for decreasing the morbidity and mortality of HE. We evaluated the outcomes by various parameters such as the quality of life, reduction in ammonia, all causes of mortality, adverse events, reversal of minimal HE, and development of overt HE...
January 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38404417/the-importance-of-making-an-accurate-diagnosis-for-hepatic-encephalopathy
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nancy S Reau
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
December 2023: Gastroenterology & Hepatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38391250/polyethylene-glycol-compared-to-lactulose-for-constipation-in-pregnancy-a-randomized-controlled-trial
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Victoria Ivy Raj, Azyyati Hassan, Nurulashikin Hanafiah, Jerilee Mariam Khong Azhary, Boon Kiong Lim, Rahmah Saaid, Farah Gan, Peng Chiong Tan
OBJECTIVE: To compare polyethylene glycol 4000 versus lactulose in chronic constipation during pregnancy. METHODS: Women at 28-32 weeks' gestation attending antenatal clinic for routine care were screened using the Rome IV chronic constipation criterion. Eligible women were approached and consented. Participants were randomized to oral polyethylene glycol (10 g/day) or lactulose (10 g/day) for 4 weeks. A bowel movement diary was kept and outcomes using the Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptoms questionnaire (PAC-SYM), Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life questionnaire (PAC-QoL) and Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS), which were evaluated at the start and end of the four-week period...
February 23, 2024: International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38389000/-not-available
#7
REVIEW
Eva M Schleicher, Christian Labenz
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
February 2024: MMW Fortschritte der Medizin
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38386104/effects-of-bovine-whey-protein-on-exercise-induced-gut-permeability-in-healthy-adults-a-randomised-controlled-trial
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dulantha Ulluwishewa, Grayson Nicholls, Harold Henderson, Daniel Bernstein, Karl Fraser, Matthew P G Barnett, Matthew J Barnes
PURPOSE: Intestinal permeability is a critical component of gut barrier function. Barrier dysfunction can be triggered by certain stressors such as exercise, and if left unmanaged can lead to local and systemic disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a specific whey protein fraction in alleviating exercise-induced gut permeability as assessed by recovery of lactulose/rhamnose (L/R) and lactulose/mannitol (L/M) urinary probes. METHODS: Eight males and eight females (aged 18-50) completed two arms of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study...
February 22, 2024: European Journal of Applied Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38369527/single-nuclear-rna-sequencing-of-terminal-ileum-in-patients-with-cirrhosis-demonstrates-multi-faceted-alterations-in-the-intestinal-barrier
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xixian Jiang, Ying Xu, Andrew Fagan, Bhaumik Patel, Huiping Zhou, Jasmohan S Bajaj
Patients with cirrhosis have intestinal barrier dysfunction but the role of the individual cell types in human small intestine is unclear. We performed single-nuclear RNA sequencing (snRNAseq) in the pinch biopsies of terminal ileum of four age-matched men [56 years, healthy control, compensated, early (ascites and lactulose use) and advanced decompensated cirrhosis (ascites and rifaximin use)]. Cell type proportions, differential gene expressions, cell-type specific pathway analysis using IPA, and cellular crosstalk dynamics were compared...
February 19, 2024: Cell & Bioscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38363519/influence-of-helicobacter-pylori-infection-and-eradication-on-small-intestinal-bacterial-overgrowth-and-abdominal-symptoms
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaolei Wang, Die Zhu, Siyu Li, Yun Dai, Guigen Teng, Weihong Wang
BACKGROUND: The relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) has attracted attention recently. AIMS: To analyze the influence of H. pylori infection and eradication on SIBO, IMO, and abdominal symptoms. METHODS: Patients with gastrointestinal symptoms were tested for 13 C urea breath test and if positive, treated with bismuth-based quadruple therapy. Lactulose hydrogen methane breath test (HMBT) was performed and symptoms were assessed using gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS) before and 6 weeks after eradication...
February 15, 2024: Digestive Diseases and Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38361147/bovine-colostrum-increases-intestinal-permeability-in-healthy-athletes-and-patients-a-meta-analysis-of-randomized-clinical-trials
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Parisa Hajihashemi, Fahimeh Haghighatdoost, Nazila Kassaian, Laleh Hoveida, Babak Tamizifar, Hassan Nili, Marzieh Rahim Khorasani, Peyman Adibi
BACKGROUND: Increasing intestinal permeability causes chronic inflammation, which is one of the etiological factors of many diseases that presently constitute global challenges. AIMS: Considering the importance of developing therapies to eliminate the increased intestinal permeability, in this systematic review and meta-analysis, we analyze the impact of bovine colostrum (BC) on the gut barrier and its permeability. METHODS: Online databases, including PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus, were searched to find pertinent articles up to March 2022...
February 15, 2024: Digestive Diseases and Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38359412/the-impact-of-48-h-high-carbohydrate-diets-with-high-and-low-fodmap-content-on-gastrointestinal-status-and-symptoms-in-response-to-endurance-exercise-and-subsequent-endurance-performance
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rachel Scrivin, Gary John Slater, Alice Mika, Chris Rauch, Pascale Young, Isabel Martinez, Ricardo J S Costa
This study investigated the effects of a high carbohydrate diet, with varied fermentable oligo- di- mono- saccharide and polyol (FODMAP) content, before endurance exercise on gastrointestinal integrity, motility, and symptoms; and subsequent exercise performance. Twelve endurance athletes were provided with a 48-h high carbohydrate (mean±SD: 12.1±1.8g·kgˑday-1) diet on two separate occasions, composed of high (54.8±10.5g·day-1) and low FODMAP (3.0±0.2g·day-1) content...
February 15, 2024: Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38355039/combined-spontaneous-portosystemic-shunt-embolization-and-transjugular-intrahepatic-portosystemic-shunt-creation-for-treatment-of-hepatic-encephalopathy
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rajangad S Gurtatta, Ron C Gaba, Josi L Herren
This retrospective case series assessed the early effectiveness of combined spontaneous portosystemic shunt (SPSS) embolization and preemptive transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation for alleviation of medically refractory hepatic encephalopathy and prevention of portal hypertension complications in liver cirrhosis patients. Eight liver cirrhosis patients (5 men, 3 women; mean age 61 ± 10 years) and HE (overt, n = 7; covert, n = 1) refractory to lactulose and rifaximin therapy who underwent concurrent or staged SPSS embolization and TIPS creation between 2018-2022...
February 12, 2024: Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology: JVIR
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38350699/hyperammonemic-encephalopathy-induced-by-valproic-acid
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qiuyu M Zhu, Amitosh K Singh, Huai-En Rachel Chang, Sandeep A Konka
Valproate (VPA) is broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug. Several adverse reactions including hepatotoxicity, fetal risk and pancreatitis are well known and labelled as boxed warnings in the USA. One adverse reaction that is less well known but clinically significant for its severe morbidity is hyperammonemic encephalopathy. We present a case of woman with hyperammonemic encephalopathy following the initiation of VPA therapy; she had a favourable outcome with discontinuation of the drug and prompt treatment with lactulose and L-carnitine...
February 13, 2024: BMJ Case Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38346539/a-new-murine-undernutrition-model-based-on-complementary-feeding-of-undernourished-children-causes-damage-to-the-morphofunctional-intestinal-epithelium-barrier
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Samilly A Ribeiro, Enock L R Braga, Marcus L Queiroga, Marco A Clementino, Xhaulla M Q C Fonseca, Mônica O Belém, Lyvia M V C Magalhães, José K de Sousa, Thiago M de Freitas, Herlice N Veras, Cristiane C de Aquino, Alan D C Santos, Flávio R M de Moura, Armênio A Dos Santos, Alexandre Havt, Bruna L L Maciel, Aldo A M Lima
BACKGROUND: Complementary feeding is critical in establishing undernutrition. However, experimental undernourished diets do not represent the amount of nutrients in the complementary diets of undernourished children. OBJECTIVE: To develop, validate, and evaluate the impact of a new murine model of undernutrition on the intestinal epithelium, based on the complementary diet of undernourished children from seven countries with low socioeconomic power belonging to the Malnutrition-Enteric Diseases (MAL-ED) cohort study...
February 10, 2024: Journal of Nutrition
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38334953/increased-intestinal-permeability-and-decreased-resiliency-of-the-intestinal-barrier-in-alcoholic-liver-disease
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Garth R Swanson, Kanika Garg, Maliha Shaikh, Ali Keshavarzian
OBJECTIVES: Only 20- 30% of individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) develop Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD). While the development of gut-derived endotoxemia is understood to be a required co-factor, increased intestinal permeability in ALD is not completely understood. METHODS: We recruited 178 subjects - 58 healthy controls (HC), 32 with ALD, 53 with AUD but no liver disease (ALC), and 35 with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Intestinal permeability was assessed by a sugar cocktail as a percentage of oral dose...
February 9, 2024: Clinical and Translational Gastroenterology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38316636/mechanisms-underlying-the-laxative-effect-of-lactulose-a-randomized-placebo-controlled-trial-showing-increased-small-bowel-water-and-motility-unaltered-by-the-5-ht-3-receptor-antagonist-ondansetron
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
D Gunn, C Yeldho, C Hoad, A Menys, P Gowland, L Marciani, R Spiller
BACKGROUND: Lactulose is a laxative which accelerates transit and softens stool. Our aim was to investigate its mechanism of action and use this model of diarrhea to investigate the anti-diarrheal actions of ondansetron. METHODS: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study of the effect of ondansetron 8 mg in 16 healthy volunteers. Serial MRI scans were performed fasted and 6 h after a meal. Participants then received lactulose 13...
February 5, 2024: Neurogastroenterology and Motility: the Official Journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38314885/efficacy-of-lubiprostone-for-functional-constipation-treatment-in-adolescents-and-children-randomized-controlled-trial
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Engy S Elkaragy, Mohammed M Shamseya, Rasha H Metwally, Eman R Mansour, Sameh A Lashen
OBJECTIVES: Adolescent and pediatric functional constipation (FC) is a common clinical problem. Currently, data on lubiprostone for the treatment of pediatric FC are scarce. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of lubiprostone in the treatment of pediatric FC. METHODS: In a single-blinded, randomized controlled study, we included 280 patients aged 8-18 years with FC. Patients were randomized either to a weight-based lubiprostone dose (n = 140) or conventional laxatives (n = 140), including lactulose, bisacodyl, or sodium picosulfate, for 12 weeks, followed by 4 weeks posttreatment follow-up...
February 5, 2024: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38313462/bowel-preparation-protocol-for-hospitalized-patients-ages-50-years-or-older-a-randomized-controlled-trial
#19
Yu He, Qi Liu, Yi-Wen Chen, Li-Jian Cui, Kai Cao, Zi-Hao Guo
BACKGROUND: The incidence and mortality rate of colorectal cancer progressively increase with age and become particularly prominent after the age of 50 years. Therefore, the population that is ≥ 50 years in age requires long-term and regular colonoscopies. Uncomfortable bowel preparation is the main reason preventing patients from undergoing regular colonoscopies. The standard bowel preparation regimen of 4-L polyethylene glycol (PEG) is effective but poorly tolerated. AIM: To investigate an effective and comfortable bowel preparation regimen for hospitalized patients ≥ 50 years in age...
January 16, 2024: World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38298942/retracted-efficacy-and-mechanism-of-trimebutine-maleate-combined-with-lactulose-in-the-treatment-of-constipation-predominant-irritable-bowel-syndrome-in-the-elderly
#20
Emergency Medicine International
[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2022/6125120.].
2024: Emergency Medicine International
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