MUC

INTRODUCTION: Evidence is limited on whether fibroblast growth factor receptor gene alterations (FGFRalt) impact clinical outcomes in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC). This study evaluated progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with mUC based on FGFRalt status in the first-line setting (1L). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data on mUC patients were retrieved via convenience sampling of oncologists/urologists surveyed between August and September 2020 who treated at least 1 FGFRalt patient between July 2017 and June 2019...

PURPOSE: Despite the prospective randomized controlled JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial, no real-world evidence exists regarding tumor characteristics, adverse events (AE) and survival of avelumab maintenance (AVM) treated patients with partial/complete response or stable disease after previous platinum-based chemotherapy for advanced/metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). METHODS: We relied on our institutional database to identify mUC patients who received AVM between 01/2021-12/2023...

IMPORTANCE: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have broadened the metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) therapeutic scenario. The association of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) with response and survival in patients treated with ICIs is still controversial. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association of PD-L1 with response rate and overall survival among patients with mUC treated with ICIs. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Embase, American Society of Clinical Oncology and European Society for Medical Oncology Meeting Libraries, and Web of Science were searched up to December 10, 2023...

BACKGROUND: Youth's perceptions of a city or neighbourhood's walkability are important for determining the physical activity (PA) friendliness of their environment. Traditional objective measures of walkability fail to incorporate children and youth's (CY) subjective perceptions of places that they perceive as supportive for play and exercise. Internationally, the most promising subjective measure is the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale for Youth (NEWS-Y) questionnaire. Yet, the NEWS-Y is not available for German-speaking adolescents...

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is a rare, low-grade malignant soft tissue tumor that is often mistaken for benign or more rarely malignant tumor types. Commonly, this tumor affects young adults and typically arises in the deep proximal extremities or trunk with frequent recurrences and can metastasize to the lungs many years late. Visceral LGFMS is extremely rare. Only a few cases of primary LGFMS of the lung have been reported. Here, we present the clinical, gross, microscopic, and immunohistochemical characteristics of Evans tumor occurring in the lung with a review of the literature and discuss the differential diagnosis in this exceptional localization...

INTRODUCTION: Metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) is a lethal disease with limited treatment options. We aimed to compare the treatment patterns and outcomes of patients with mUC who were treated before and after the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) at a tertiary hospital in Barcelona. METHODS: Single-center retrospective study from 2004 to 2021. Access to ICIs began in December 2014. We analyzed differences in clinical characteristics and survival outcomes, such as overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and restricted mean survival time (RMST)...

BACKGROUND: This study aims to investigate the relationship between comorbidities and survival in patients with mUC treated with pembrolizumab as a second-line treatment. METHODS: From February 2018 to October 2021, we analyzed the data of 185 consecutive patients with metastatic UC who received pembrolizumab as second-line therapy at The Jikei University Hospital and five affiliated hospitals. We used the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to assess the comorbidities...

Gallstone (GS) disease is common and arises from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Although genetic abnormalities specifically leading to cholesterol GSs are rare, there are clinically significant gene variants associated with cholesterol GSs. In contrast, most bilirubin GSs can be attributed to genetic defects. The pathogenesis of cholesterol and bilirubin GSs differs greatly. Cholesterol GSs are notably influenced by genetic variants within the ABC protein superfamily, including ABCG8, ABCG5, ABCB4, and ABCB11, as well as genes from the apolipoprotein family such as ApoB100 and ApoE (especially the E3/E3 and E3/E4 variants), and members of the MUC family...

Herein, advancements in electroanalytical devices for the simultaneous detection of diverse breast cancer (BC) markers are demonstrated. This article identifies several important areas of exploration for electrochemical diagnostics and highlights important factors that are pivotal for the successful deployment of novel bioanalytical devices. We have highlighted that the limits of detection (LOD) reported for the multiplex electrochemical biosensor can surpass the sensitivity displayed by current clinical standards such as ELISA, FISH, and PCR...

To explore whether apple polyphenol extract (APE) ameliorates sugary-diet-induced depression-like behaviors, thirty male C57BL/6 mice (3-4 weeks old) were assigned to three groups randomly to receive different treatments for 8 consecutive weeks: (1) control group (CON), (2) S-HSD group (60% high sucrose diet feeding with 0.1 mg mL-1 sucralose solution as drinking water), and (3) S-APE group (S-HSD feeding with 500 mg per (kg bw day) APE solution gavage). The S-HSD group showed significant depression-like behaviors compared with the CON group, which was manifested by an increased number of buried marbles in the marble burying test, prolonged immobility time in both the tail suspension test and forced swimming test, and cognitive impairment based on the Morris water maze test...

Gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinoma (GEA) is an uncommon form of uterine cervical adenocarcinoma with an unfavorable prognosis. The tumor consists of glands exhibiting a morphological resemblance to gastric cells and occasionally manifests features akin to pancreaticobiliary mucinous adenocarcinoma. GEA differs from the typical cervical cancer, particularly in its lack of association with the human papillomavirus. Immunophenotypic analysis suggests intestinal differentiation. The present study reports two cases of GEA occurring in postmenopausal individuals who were diagnosed in Lishui Central Hospital (Lishui, China) between January 2015 and January 2023...

OBJECTIVE: In December 2021, enfortumab vedotin (EV), an antibody-drug conjugate directed against nectin-4, was approved in Japan as a new treatment after platinum-containing chemotherapy and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. This study evaluated, using real-world data, the efficacy and safety of EV therapy in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-five patients with mUC who discontinued pembrolizumab therapy due to disease progression between June 2018 and April 2023 at Yokohama City University Hospital were evaluated retrospectively...

(1) Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the salt consumption by children and adolescents from the Silesian Province (Poland), taking into account the region's dietary traditions and the age of the students+. (2) Methods: 300 students aged 10-18 from different types of schools were enrolled in the study and divided into groups in terms of school, sex, and the state of their nutrition. A survey questionnaire about dietary habits, including the frequency and serving size with respect to 12 salty products, was used...

This study presents the enfortumab vedotin (EV) treatment analysis at our institution. We retrospectively analyzed patients with metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC) treated with EV between January 2021 and October 2023. EV was administered at 1.25 mg/kg on days 1, 8, and 15 in a 28-day cycle. Whole-body computed tomography scans were performed to assess the treatment response. Patient characteristics, treatment histories, response rates, progression-free survival, and adverse events were evaluated. Response rates were determined, and adverse events were recorded...

Different studies suggest an impact of biofilms on carcinogenic lesion formation in varying human tissues. However, the mechanisms of cancer formation are difficult to examine in vivo as well as in vitro. Cell culture approaches, in most cases, are unable to keep a bacterial steady state without any overgrowth. In our approach, we aimed to develop an immunocompetent 3D tissue model which can mitigate bacterial outgrowth. We established a three-dimensional (3D) co-culture of human primary fibroblasts with pre-differentiated THP-1-derived macrophages on an SIS-muc scaffold which was derived by decellularisation of a porcine intestine...

INTRODUCTION: Graduate Medical Education plays a critical role in training the next generation of military physicians, ensuring they are ready to uphold the dual professional requirements inherent to being both a military officer and a military physician. This involves executing the operational duties as a commissioned leader while also providing exceptional medical care in austere environments and in harm's way. The purpose of this study is to review prior efforts at developing and implementing military unique curricula (MUC) in residency training programs...

Pleurotus eryngii polysaccharides (PEPs) have been proven to display multiple activities through digestive system action, from which the digestion products should first interact with intestinal mucus (MUC), followed by the function of intestinal cells. Hence, possible interacting characterizations between MUC and in vitro simulated digestion products of P. eryngii polysaccharides (DPEPs) and PEP were carried out in the present study. Results showed that both PEP and DPEP could significantly interact with MUC...

The Mucin (MUC) family, a range of highly glycosylated macromolecules, is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian epithelial cells. Such molecules are pivotal in establishing protective mucosal barriers, serving as defenses against pathogenic assaults. Intriguingly, the aberrant expression of specific MUC proteins, notably Mucin 1 (MUC1) and Mucin 16 (MUC16), within tumor cells, is intimately associated with oncogenesis, proliferation, and metastasis. This association involves various mechanisms, including cellular proliferation, viability, apoptosis resistance, chemotherapeutic resilience, metabolic shifts, and immune surveillance evasion...

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) improve overall survival in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC), but therapeutic success at the individual patient level varies significantly. Here we identify predictive markers of response, based on whole-genome DNA (n = 70) and RNA-sequencing (n = 41) of fresh metastatic biopsy samples, collected prior to treatment with pembrolizumab. We find that PD-L1 combined positivity score does not, whereas tumor mutational burden and APOBEC mutagenesis modestly predict response...

In the female reproductive tract, mucin proteins are the main component of mucus secreted by cervical goblet cells and play an essential role in many biological functions. They act as a medium for lubrication and mainting a cervical mucosal barrier against ascending pathogens from the vagina while also allowing sperm migration. The expression of mucin genes as well as the levels of O-glycosylation changes across the oestrous cycle. Detection and characterization of mucins and their glycans is important to understand the interface between the external and the internal environment, as the cervical epithelium represents the first line of defense against infections of the upper reproductive tract...