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Tiara Joy Foo, Cheng Su-Ann, Low Xi Zhen, Chua Chun En
A 76-year-old Malay female presented with two days history of fever and vomiting. She was found to have Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteraemia with no clear intra-abdominal cause on the initial computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis (CTAP). She clinically improved with two weeks duration of intravenous meropenem. She subsequently developed septic shock and a repeated CTAP demonstrated increased hepatic parenchymal density with extensive parenchymal calcifications. Curvilinear calcifications were seen in the paraspinal and pelvic musculature...
April 6, 2024: Clinical Medicine: Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A V Mukhomedzyanov, S V Popov, N V Naryzhnaya, V N Azev, L N Maslov
Hypoxia (20 min) and reoxygenation (30 min) were simulated on isolated rat cardiomyocytes to evaluate the cytoprotective effect of selective δ2 -opioid receptor agonist deltorphin II, opioid receptor antagonist naloxone methiodide, μ-opioid receptor antagonist CTAP, κ-opioid receptor antagonist nor-binaltorphimine, ε1 -opioid receptor antagonist BNTX, and δ2 -opioid receptors naltriben. Deltorphin II was administered 5 min before reoxygenation, antagonists were administered 10 min before reoxygenation...
March 15, 2024: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine
#3
EDITORIAL
Norihisa Shigemura, Hiromu Kehara, Yoshiya Toyoda
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
January 30, 2024: Journal of Thoracic Disease
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
John C Berude, Paul Kennouche, Michelle L Reniere, Daniel A Portnoy
Listeria monocytogenes ( Lm ) is a Gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen that leads a biphasic lifecycle, transitioning its metabolism and selectively inducing virulence genes when it encounters mammalian hosts. Virulence gene expression is controlled by the master virulence regulator PrfA, which is allosterically activated by the host- and bacterially derived glutathione (GSH). The amino acid cysteine is the rate-limiting substrate for GSH synthesis in bacteria and is essential for bacterial growth...
January 30, 2024: Infection and Immunity
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jing Wang, Qiao-Min Ru, Xiao-Hui Yu, Changlong Wang, Kai Li, Chao-Zhen-Yi Han, Na Li, Jing Zhao, John N Wood, Xin Liu, Rui Wang, Yuan Wang
Opioids are widely used in the treatment of moderate and severe pain. Nociceptive stimulation has been reported to potentially promote microglial activation and neuroinflammation, which also causes chronic pain sensitization. The aim of this study was to demonstrate whether the novel μ receptor agonist MEL-0614 could inhibit activated microglia directly and the associated signaling pathway. Mice were administered lipopolysaccharide and formalin to induce allodynia. Von Frey test was used to detect the anti-allodynia effect of MEL-0614 before and after LPS and formalin injection...
November 9, 2023: European Journal of Pharmacology
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fan Zhang, Anna Helena Jonsson, Aparna Nathan, Nghia Millard, Michelle Curtis, Qian Xiao, Maria Gutierrez-Arcelus, William Apruzzese, Gerald F M Watts, Dana Weisenfeld, Saba Nayar, Javier Rangel-Moreno, Nida Meednu, Kathryne E Marks, Ian Mantel, Joyce B Kang, Laurie Rumker, Joseph Mears, Kamil Slowikowski, Kathryn Weinand, Dana E Orange, Laura Geraldino-Pardilla, Kevin D Deane, Darren Tabechian, Arnoldas Ceponis, Gary S Firestein, Mark Maybury, Ilfita Sahbudin, Ami Ben-Artzi, Arthur M Mandelin, Alessandra Nerviani, Myles J Lewis, Felice Rivellese, Costantino Pitzalis, Laura B Hughes, Diane Horowitz, Edward DiCarlo, Ellen M Gravallese, Brendan F Boyce, Larry W Moreland, Susan M Goodman, Harris Perlman, V Michael Holers, Katherine P Liao, Andrew Filer, Vivian P Bykerk, Kevin Wei, Deepak A Rao, Laura T Donlin, Jennifer H Anolik, Michael B Brenner, Soumya Raychaudhuri
Rheumatoid arthritis is a prototypical autoimmune disease that causes joint inflammation and destruction1 . There is currently no cure for rheumatoid arthritis, and the effectiveness of treatments varies across patients, suggesting an undefined pathogenic diversity1,2 . Here, to deconstruct the cell states and pathways that characterize this pathogenic heterogeneity, we profiled the full spectrum of cells in inflamed synovium from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. We used multi-modal single-cell RNA-sequencing and surface protein data coupled with histology of synovial tissue from 79 donors to build single-cell atlas of rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue that includes more than 314,000 cells...
November 2023: Nature
#7
Divakar Hamal, André Fernandes, James Sagma, Mariana Rufino, Pravakar Hamal, Gabriele DiBenedetto
The falciform ligament is a double peritoneal fold that separates the left and right hepatic lobes anatomically. Fatty-falciform ligament appendage torsion (F-FLAT) is defined as torsion of the extraperitoneal fat within the falciform ligament causing fat infarction, which is an uncommon surgical presentation, scarcely documented within the current literature. The objective of presenting this case report and reviewing the literature on F-FLAT is to discuss the clinical presentation, possible associated factors and management strategies in regard to this rare pathology...
November 2023: Curēus
#8
Saleh A Ba-Shammakh, Eman A Al-Zughali, Salwa M Al-Bustanji
This case study delves into the unique presentation of bezoars in a 14-year-old autistic female who exhibited chronic diarrhea and abdominal pain. While trichobezoars, masses formed from ingested hair, are rare, they are predominantly seen in young females and are associated with psychiatric conditions. Through rigorous diagnostic procedures, including a computed tomography imaging of the abdomen and pelvis (CTAP) scan, fecal impaction, and multiple bezoars, including hair and non-biological items, were identified...
September 2023: Curēus
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dana Weisenfeld, Fan Zhang, Laura Donlin, Anna Helena Jonsson, William Apruzzese, Debbie Campbell, Deepak A Rao, Kevin Wei, V Michael Holers, Ellen Gravallese, Larry Moreland, Susan Goodman, Michael Brenner, Soumya Raychaudhuri, Andrew Filer, Jennifer Anolik, Vivian Bykerk, Katherine P Liao
OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have uncovered diverse cell types/states in the RA synovium; however limited data exist correlating these findings with patient-level clinical information. Using the largest cohort to date with clinical and multi-cell data, we determined associations between RA clinical factors with cell types/states in the RA synovium. METHODS: The Accelerated Medicines Partnership Rheumatoid Arthritis study recruited subjects with active RA on no DMARDs or inadequate response to methotrexate (MTX) or tumor necrosis factor inhibitors...
October 4, 2023: Arthritis & Rheumatology
#10
REVIEW
Garrett Barry, Herman Sehmbi, Susanne Retter, Jonathan G Bailey, Rose Tablante, Vishal Uppal
BACKGROUND: Fascial plane blocks provide effective analgesia after midline laparotomy; however, the most efficacious technique has not been determined. We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials to synthesise the evidence with respect to pain, opioid consumption, and adverse events. METHODS: We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central, and Scopus databases for studies comparing commonly used non-neuraxial analgesic techniques for midline laparotomy in adult patients...
December 2023: British Journal of Anaesthesia
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Samantha Negus, Omar Bouamra, Damian Roland
OBJECTIVES: To observe variation in imaging requests after publication of the Royal College of Radiologists UK Paediatric Trauma Protocols in 2014, recommending limited use of thoracic computed tomography (CT) to appropriately clinically risk stratified children. METHOD: A retrospective observational study using data from the Trauma Audit & Research Network in the United Kingdom, for children (0-16 years of age) for the years 2012-2021. Percentages were calculated to facilitate comparison between year groups (under 1 year of age, 1-10 years of age, 11-15 years of age), and CT imaging categories reviewed: (1) whole-body CT (WBCT); (2) abdominopelvic CT (CTAP) with chest radiograph (CXR); (3) chest, abdomen, and pelvic CT (CTCAP) with CXR; (4) CTCAP without CXR; and (5) other imaging...
October 2023: Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Giorgia Boero, Minna H McFarland, Ryan E Tyler, Todd K O'Buckley, Samantha L Chéry, Donita L Robinson, Joyce Besheer, A Leslie Morrow
The neurosteroid 3α,5α-THP is a potent GABAA receptor-positive modulator and its regulatory action on the HPA axis stress response has been reported in numerous preclinical and clinical studies. We previously demonstrated that 3α,5α-THP down-regulation of HPA axis activity during stress is sex-, brain region- and stressor-dependent. In this study, we observed a deleterious submersion behavior in response to 3α,5α-THP (15 mg/kg) during forced swim stress (FSS) that led us to investigate how 3α,5α-THP might affect behavioral coping strategies engaged in by the animal...
August 1, 2023: Biomolecules
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jessica Wynn, Stephen Chan, Justin Mc Yeung, Samantha Ann Pellegrino
The clinical presentation of gastrointestinal histoplasmosis (GIH) is often non-specific, mimicking several other gastrointestinal diseases, making diagnosis difficult. We present a case of GIH, causing bowel obstruction in an immunocompetent patient. A woman in her 80s presented with anorexia and a distended abdomen. A CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis (CTAP) showed ileal thickening. Endoscopy was performed and ileal biopsies were taken. A diagnosis of histoplasmosis was made by histopathology, and she began treatment with liposomal amphotericin and itraconazole...
August 10, 2023: BMJ Case Reports
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mandy Rita LeCocq, Priya Chander, Nadia Chaudhri
The µ-opioid system is involved in the reinstatement of responding that is immediately evoked by alcohol-predictive cues. The extent of its involvement in reinstatement observed in a new model that evaluates the delayed effects of re-exposure to alcohol, however, is unclear. The current study investigated the role of µ-opioid receptors (MORs) in the delayed reinstatement of an extinguished, Pavlovian conditioned response that was evoked 24 h after alcohol re-exposure. Female and male Long-Evans rats received Pavlovian conditioning in which a conditioned stimulus (CS) was paired with the delivery of an appetitive unconditioned stimulus (US; Experiments 1, 2, 4: 15% v/v alcohol; Experiment 3: 10% w/v sucrose) that was delivered into a fluid port for oral intake...
July 1, 2023: Neuropsychopharmacology
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Diandra M Vaval Taylor, Bobbi Xayarath, Nancy E Freitag
The soil-dwelling bacterium Listeria monocytogenes survives a multitude of conditions when residing in the outside environment and as a pathogen within host cells. Key to survival within the infected mammalian host is the expression of bacterial gene products necessary for nutrient acquisition. Similar to many bacteria, L. monocytogenes uses peptide import to acquire amino acids. Peptide transport systems play an important role in nutrient uptake as well as in additional functions that include bacterial quorum sensing and signal transduction, recycling of peptidoglycan fragments, adherence to eukaryotic cells, and alterations in antibiotic susceptibility...
May 18, 2023: Microbiology Spectrum
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A T O'Mahony, M G Waldron, S O'Shea, P Mulryan, O J O'Connor, M M Maher
BACKGROUND: Cross-sectional study to assess the body composition of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) on standard (SDCT) and low dose CT (LDCT) protocols for the abdomen and pelvis (CTAP). We aimed to assess if a low dose CT protocol reconstructed with model-based iterative reconstruction (IR) could evaluate body morphometric data comparable to standard dose examination. METHODS: The CTAP images of 49 patients who underwent a low dose CT scan (20% of standard dose) and a second at standard dose minus 20% were assessed retrospectively...
May 15, 2023: Radiography
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hao-Ruei Mei, Ya-Yu Hu, Soneet Kapadia, Tanja Ouimet, Hervé Poras, Gregory Dussor
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether elevating levels of enkephalin by inhibiting their degradation can attenuate stress-induced migraine-like behaviors in mice. BACKGROUND: Previous studies in animals have suggested the delta opioid receptor (DOR) as a novel migraine target. The primary endogenous ligands for DOR are enkephalins and their levels can be increased by pharmacological inhibition of enkephalinases; however, it is not clear whether enkephalinase inhibition can be efficacious in preclinical migraine models through activation of DOR or whether other opioid receptors might be involved...
May 2023: Headache
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Katie Wang, Mitchell Atkinson, Munyaradzi G Nyandoro, Kirsten Biddle, Leslie Zhi Wei Lew, Dieter G Weber
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic led to a global shortage of iodinated contrast media (ICM) in early 2022. ICM is used in more than half of the computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis (CTAP) performed to diagnose an acute abdomen (AA). In response to the shortage, the RANZCR published contrast-conserving recommendations. This study aimed to compare AA diagnostic outcomes of non-contrast CTs performed before and during the shortage. METHODS: A single-centre retrospective observational cohort study of all adult patients presenting with an AA who underwent a CTAP was conducted during the contrast shortage period from May to July 2022...
May 3, 2023: ANZ Journal of Surgery
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Allie Sakowicz, Susan Dalton, Jessica A McPherson, Anthony G Charles, David M Stamilio
BACKGROUND: Imaging protocols for maternal major trauma during pregnancy are not standardized, and it is uncertain whether focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) or computed tomography of the abdomen/pelvis (CTAP) is preferred for detecting intra-abdominal hemorrhage. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the accuracy of the FAST exam compared to CTAP, validate imaging accuracy with clinical outcomes, and describe clinical factors associated with each imaging mode...
March 5, 2023: American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kimberley C Clark, Elizabeth V Nguyen, Birunthi Niranjan, Yunjian Wu, Terry C C Lim Kam Sian, Lisa G Horvath, Renea A Taylor, Roger J Daly
Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in males. A greater understanding of cell signalling events that occur within the prostate cancer tumour microenvironment (TME), for example, between cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and prostate epithelial or cancer cells, may identify novel biomarkers and more effective therapeutic strategies for this disease. To address this, we used cell-type-specific labelling with amino acid precursors (CTAP) to define cell-type-specific (phospho)proteomic changes that occur when prostate epithelial cells are co-cultured with normal patient-derived prostate fibroblasts (NPFs) versus matched CAFs...
January 23, 2023: Cancers
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