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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Janni Støvring Mortensen, Søren S-R Bohr, Lasse Skjoldborg Krog, Johan Peter Bøtker, Vaya Kapousidou, Lasse Saaby, Nikos S Hatzakis, Hanne Mørck Nielsen, Duc Ninh Nguyen, Stine Rønholt
The integrity of the intestinal mucus barrier is crucial for human health, as it serves as the body's first line of defense against pathogens. However, postnatal development of the mucus barrier and interactions between maturity and its ability to adapt to external challenges in neonatal infants remain unclear. In this study, we unveil a distinct developmental trajectory of the mucus barrier in preterm piglets, leading to enhanced mucus microstructure and reduced mucus diffusivity compared to term piglets. Notably, we found that necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is associated with increased mucus diffusivity of our large pathogen model compound, establishing a direct link between the NEC condition and the mucus barrier...
April 1, 2024: Scientific Reports
#22
REVIEW
Laura N Calvo, Rachel G Greenberg, Keyaria D Gray
Although necrotizing enterocolitis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among preterm infants, its underlying pathophysiology is not fully understood. Gut dysbiosis, an imbalance between commensal and pathogenic microbes, in the preterm infant is likely a major contributor to the development of necrotizing enterocolitis. In this review, we will discuss the increasing use of probiotics in the NICU, an intervention aimed to mitigate alterations in the gut microbiome. We will review the existing evidence regarding the safety and effectiveness of probiotics, and their potential to reduce rates of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants...
April 1, 2024: NeoReviews
#23
REVIEW
Laura N Calvo, Rachel G Greenberg, Keyaria D Gray
Although necrotizing enterocolitis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among preterm infants, its underlying pathophysiology is not fully understood. Gut dysbiosis, an imbalance between commensal and pathogenic microbes, in the preterm infant is likely a major contributor to the development of necrotizing enterocolitis. In this review, we will discuss the increasing use of probiotics in the NICU, an intervention aimed to mitigate alterations in the gut microbiome. We will review the existing evidence regarding the safety and effectiveness of probiotics, and their potential to reduce rates of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants...
April 1, 2024: NeoReviews
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Seung Hyun Kim, Yoon Ju Oh, Joonhyuk Son, Donggoo Jung, Daehyun Kim, Soo Rack Ryu, Jae Yoon Na, Jae Kyoon Hwang, Tae Hyun Kim, Hyun-Kyung Park
Early prediction of surgical necrotizing enterocolitis (sNEC) in preterm infants is important. However, owing to the complexity of the disease, identifying infants with NEC at a high risk for surgical intervention is difficult. We developed a machine learning (ML) algorithm to predict sNEC using perinatal factors obtained from the national cohort registry of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Data were collected from the medical records of 16,385 VLBW infants registered in the Korean Neonatal Network (KNN)...
March 30, 2024: European Journal of Pediatrics
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Peter A Chiarelli, Nicholas Chapman, Benjamin E Flyer, Jason K Chu, Mark D Krieger
OBJECTIVE: The optimal timing of ventricular shunt placement in low-weight and preterm infants remains an unresolved topic in modern pediatric neurosurgery. Shunt placement for hydrocephalus is performed over a wide range of infant weights, and the standard weight threshold for shunt placement can vary substantially across institutions. The aim of this study was to investigate shunt outcome in infants of low body weight. METHODS: An IRB-approved retrospective analysis of 76 infants (29 females, 47 males) who received primary shunt placement between 2003 and 2018 was performed...
March 29, 2024: Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cheryl Anne Mackay, Chandra Rath, Shripada Rao, Sanjay Patole
Inflammation, oxidative injury, and gut dysbiosis play an important role in the pathogenesis of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). Plant-derived substances have historically been used as therapeutic agents due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. We aimed to review pre-clinical evidence for plant-derived substances in the prevention and treatment of NEC. A systematic review was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, EMCARE, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library (PROSPERO CRD42022365477)...
March 14, 2024: Nutrients
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Adrian A Epstein, Sara N Janos, Luca Menozzi, Kelly Pegram, Vaibhav Jain, Logan C Bisset, Joseph T Davis, Samantha Morrison, Aswathy Shailaja, Yingqiu Guo, Agnes S Chao, Khadar Abdi, Blaire Rikard, Junjie Yao, Simon G Gregory, Kimberley Fisher, Rick Pittman, Al Erkanli, Kathryn E Gustafson, Caroline W T Carrico, William F Malcolm, Terrie E Inder, C Michael Cotten, Trevor D Burt, Mari L Shinohara, Charles M Maxfield, Eric J Benner
Brain injury is highly associated with preterm birth. Complications of prematurity, including spontaneous or necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)-associated intestinal perforations, are linked to lifelong neurologic impairment, yet the mechanisms are poorly understood. Early diagnosis of preterm brain injuries remains a significant challenge. Here, we identified subventricular zone echogenicity (SVE) on cranial ultrasound in preterm infants following intestinal perforations. The development of SVE was significantly associated with motor impairment at 2 years...
March 22, 2024: Cell Stem Cell
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mohammad Alhasoon, Bader Alqahtani, Mohamad Alreefi, Abdulaziz Homedi, Ghadah Alnami, Saif Alsaif, Kamal Ali
Objective. To compare mortality and major neonatal morbidities between singleton preterm infants and preterm infants of multiple gestations born <33 weeks' gestation. Method. Case-control study of preterm multiples and singletons <33 weeks' born at King Abdul-Aziz Medical City Riyadh (KAMC-R) between January 2017 and December 2020. Out-born infants and infants with lethal congenital abnormalities were excluded from the study. Mortality and major neonatal morbidities including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), sepsis and surgical necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) were compared between preterm singletons and multiples...
2024: Global Pediatric Health
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Patrícia de Padua Andrade Campanha, Maria Clara de Magalhães-Barbosa, Arnaldo Prata-Barbosa, Gustavo Rodrigues-Santos, Antônio José Ledo Alves da Cunha
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate exclusive breastfeeding at discharge and hospital length-of-stay in preterm infants undergoing or not the Kangaroo-Mother Care Method (KMC). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted including preterm infants < 1800 g admitted to the neonatal unit of a KMC reference center. The infants were grouped into the KMC group and the non-KMC group. Multiple logistic and Poisson regressions were performed to evaluate the association between the KMC and two outcomes, exclusive breastfeeding at discharge, and hospital length-of-stay, adjusted for potential confounders...
March 21, 2024: Jornal de Pediatria
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ying-Ling Xie, Shu-Hua Lai, Su-Jia Liu, Wen-Long Xiu
PURPOSE: This study was aimed to investigate the risk factors of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in twin preterm infants. METHODS: The clinical data of 67 pairs of twin preterm infants admitted to the neonatal department of our hospital from January 2010 to December 2021 were retrospectively collected. One of the twins had NEC (Bell II and above) and the other twin without NEC. They were divided into NEC group and control group according to whether NEC occurred or not...
March 23, 2024: BMC Pediatrics
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jing Wang, Minhan Qu, Aijuan Qiu, Lili Yang, Hui Xu, Shenglin Yu, Zhaojun Pan
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a common gastrointestinal complication in premature infants, resulting in high morbidity and mortality, and its early detection is crucial for accurate treatment and outcome prediction. Extensive research has demonstrated a clear correlation between NEC and extremely low birth weight, degree of preterm, formula feeding, infection, hypoxic/ischemic damage, and intestinal dysbiosis. The development of noninvasive biomarkers of NEC from stool, urine, and serum has attracted a great deal of interest because to these clinical connections and the quest for a deeper knowledge of disease pathophysiology...
March 21, 2024: Molecular Biotechnology
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ying Li, Wei Shen, Rong Zhang, Jian Mao, Ling Liu, Yan-Mei Chang, Xiu-Zhen Ye, Yin-Ping Qiu, Li Ma, Rui Cheng, Hui Wu, Dong-Mei Chen, Ling Chen, Ping Xu, Hua Mei, San-Nan Wang, Fa-Lin Xu, Rong Ju, Xiao-Mei Tong, Xin-Zhu Lin, Fan Wu
BACKGROUND: Hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HGP) has generally been considered a risk factor associated with adverse outcomes in offspring, but its impact on the short-term outcomes of very preterm infants remains unclear. METHODS: A secondary analysis was performed based on clinical data collected prospectively from 28 hospitals in seven regions of China from September 2019 to December 2020. According to maternal HGP, all infants were divided into the HGP group or the non-HGP group...
2024: Frontiers in Pediatrics
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wei Meng, Qing Wang, Qingyu Xu, Hongli Gao, Yunjun Zhou, Wei Shao
BACKGROUND: The occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a common and severe disease of the digestive system in neonates. This study aims to assess the value of the intestinal tissue oxygen saturation (rint SO2 ) combined with the levels of procalcitonin (PCT) and mean platelet volume (MPV) in predicting the severity of NEC in preterm infants. METHODS: This experiment was a retrospective cohort study conducted in the Department of Pediatrics, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University between January 2017 and July 2022...
2024: International Journal of General Medicine
#34
COMMENT
Tarah T Colaizy, Brenda B Poindexter, Scott A McDonald, Edward F Bell, Waldemar A Carlo, Susan J Carlson, Sara B DeMauro, Kathleen A Kennedy, Leif D Nelin, Pablo J Sánchez, Betty R Vohr, Karen J Johnson, Dianne E Herron, Abhik Das, Margaret M Crawford, Michele C Walsh, Rosemary D Higgins, Barbara J Stoll, Namisavayam Ambalavanan, Myra H Wyckoff, Carl T D'Angio, George W Bugg, Robin K Ohls, Anne Marie Reynolds, Gregory M Sokol, Abbot R Laptook, Steven L Olsen, Jessica R White, Sudarshan R Jadcherla, Monika Bajaj, Prabhu S Parimi, Barbara Schmidt, Matthew M Laughon, John Barks, Kimberley A Fisher, Anna Maria Hibbs, Myriam Peralta-Carcelen, Noah Cook, Roy J Heyne, Brenna Cavanaugh, Ira Adams-Chapman, Janell Fuller, Michelle E Hartley-McAndrew, Heidi M Harmon, Andrea F Duncan, Abbey C Hines, Howard W Kilbride, Laurie A Richards, Nathalie L Maitre, Girija Natarajan, Andrea N Trembath, Martha D Carlson, William F Malcolm, Deanne E Wilson-Costello
IMPORTANCE: Maternal milk feeding of extremely preterm infants during the birth hospitalization has been associated with better neurodevelopmental outcomes compared with preterm formula. For infants receiving no or minimal maternal milk, it is unknown whether donor human milk conveys similar neurodevelopmental advantages vs preterm formula. OBJECTIVE: To determine if nutrient-fortified, pasteurized donor human milk improves neurodevelopmental outcomes at 22 to 26 months' corrected age compared with preterm infant formula among extremely preterm infants who received minimal maternal milk...
February 20, 2024: JAMA
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sujia Liu, Yongle Liu, Shuhua Lai, Yingling Xie, Wenlong Xiu, Changyi Yang
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the diagnostic potential of serum intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), fecal calprotectin (FC), and fecal human β-defensin 2 (hBD2) in predicting necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants. METHODS: A prospective cohort of neonates with a gestational age < 32 weeks, suspected of NEC, was enrolled between June 2021 and December 2022. Serum I-FABP, FC, and fecal hBD2 levels were measured upon NEC suspicion, and diagnosis was confirmed through radiological examination or surgical intervention...
March 16, 2024: BMC Pediatrics
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alain Cuna, Disa Rathore, Kira Bourret, Erin Opfer, Sherwin Chan
Diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) relies heavily on imaging, but uncertainty in the language used in imaging reports can result in ambiguity, miscommunication, and potential diagnostic errors. To determine the degree of uncertainty in reporting imaging findings for NEC, we conducted a secondary analysis of the data from a previously completed pilot diagnostic randomized controlled trial (2019-2020). The study population comprised sixteen preterm infants with suspected NEC randomized to abdominal radiographs (AXRs) or AXR + bowel ultrasound (BUS)...
February 21, 2024: Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
#37
MULTICENTER STUDY
Kun-Yao Hong, Yao Zhu, Fan Wu, Jian Mao, Ling Liu, Rong Zhang, Yan-Mei Chang, Wei Shen, Li-Xia Tang, Xiu-Zhen Ye, Yin-Ping Qiu, Li Ma, Rui Cheng, Hui Wu, Dong-Mei Chen, Ling Chen, Ping Xu, Hua Mei, San-Nan Wang, Fa-Lin Xu, Rong Ju, Zhi Zheng, Xiao-Mei Tong, Xin-Zhu Lin
BACKGROUND: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious gastrointestinal disease, primarily affects preterm newborns and occurs after 7 days of life (late-onset NEC, LO-NEC). Unfortunately, over the past several decades, not much progress has been made in its treatment or prevention. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for LO-NEC, and the impact of LO-NEC on short-term outcomes in very preterm infants (VPIs) with a focus on nutrition and different onset times. METHOD: Clinical data of VPIs were retrospectively collected from 28 hospitals in seven different regions of China from September 2019 to December 2020...
March 8, 2024: BMC Pediatrics
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elena Palleri, Anna Svenningsson, Laszlo Markasz, Helene Engstrand Lilja
INTRODUCTION: The effect of the pandemic restrictions in the NICUs is not well studied. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is characterized by intestinal inflammation and bacterial invasion. This study aimed to investigate whether the incidence of NEC has changed during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden and whether it was associated with a change in the frequency of extremely preterm births. METHODS: Data were retrieved from the Swedish Neonatal Quality Register (SNQ) for infants registered between January 2017 and December 2021 born below a gestational age of 35 weeks...
March 5, 2024: Neonatology
#39
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Sten P Willemsen, Ronny Knol, Emma Brouwer, Thomas van den Akker, Philip L J DeKoninck, Enrico Lopriore, Wes Onland, Willem P de Boode, Anton H van Kaam, Debbie H Nuytemans, Irwin K M Reiss, G Jeroen Hutten, Sandra A Prins, Estelle E M Mulder, Christian V Hulzebos, Sam J van Sambeeck, Mayke E van der Putten, Inge A Zonnenberg, Arjan B Te Pas, Marijn J Vermeulen
BACKGROUND: Mortality, cerebral injury, and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) are common complications of very preterm birth. An important risk factor for these complications is hemodynamic instability. Pre-clinical studies suggest that the timing of umbilical cord clamping affects hemodynamic stability during transition. Standard care is time-based cord clamping (TBCC), with clamping irrespective of lung aeration. It is unknown whether delaying cord clamping until lung aeration and ventilation have been established (physiological-based cord clamping, PBCC) is more beneficial...
March 4, 2024: Trials
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Keia Sanderson, Russell Griffin, Nekayla Anderson, Andrew M South, Jonathan R Swanson, Michael Zappitelli, Heidi J Steflik, Marissa J DeFreitas, Jennifer Charlton, David Askenazi
BACKGROUND: We evaluated time-varying perinatal risk factors associated with early (≤7 post-natal days) and late (>7 post-natal days) severe acute kidney injury (AKI) occurrence and duration. METHODS: A secondary analysis of Preterm Erythropoietin Neuroprotection Trial data. We defined severe AKI (stage 2 or 3) per neonatal modified Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were conducted with exposures occurring at least 72 h before severe AKI...
March 4, 2024: Pediatric Research
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