Growth hormone deficiency

Serum levels of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I are crucial in the diagnosis and management of GH-related diseases. However, these levels are affected by nutritional and metabolic status. To elucidate the correlations between GH and IGF-I in various conditions, a retrospective analysis was performed for adult patients in which GH levels were examined by general practitioners during the period from January 2019 to December 2021. Of 642 patients, 33 patients were diagnosed with acromegaly, 21 were diagnosed with GH deficiency (GHD), and 588 were diagnosed with non-GH-related diseases (NGRD)...

UNLABELLED: Iodine is a micronutrient required for the production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, growth, and neurodevelopment. Iodine deficiency among adolescents and young adults is a major global health issue. We analyzed data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 database to calculate the prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) rates of iodine deficiency among adolescents and young adults. We explored the specific year with the most substantial changes in the trends of iodine deficiency among adolescents with annual percentage change (APC) by Joinpoint Regression analysis...

BACKGROUND: Iodine plays a big role in growth and development and is used in the synthesis of thyroid hormones that regulate body organ functions. Its most important source is iodized salt. Iodine deficiency impairs cognitive development and precipitates many thyroid diseases. AIM: The purpose of our study is to measure the knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards iodized salt in adults aged 18-65 years in the United Arab Emirates. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study that included 406 participants...

UNLABELLED: Cytokinins are adenine-based hormones that have been well-characterized in plants but are also made by bacteria, including the human-exclusive pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis . In M. tuberculosis , cytokinins activate transcription of an operon that affects the bacterial cell envelope. In plants, cytokinins are broken down by dedicated enzymes called cytokinin oxidases into adenine and various aldehydes. In proteasome degradation-deficient M. tuberculosis , the cytokinin-producing enzyme Log accumulates, resulting in the buildup of at least one cytokinin-associated aldehyde...

BACKGROUND: Growth hormone deficiency(GHD) and idiopathic short stature(ISS) are the primary causes of short stature in children. Animal experiments have revealed a link between growth hormone(GH), gut microbiota and metabolism, however, limited information is available from human trials. METHODS: Fecal samples collected from GHD (n = 36), ISS (n = 32) and healthy control (HC) children(n = 16) were subjected to microbiome (16 S rRNA gene sequencing) and metabolome (nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR) analyses...

The purpose of this study is to compare the relative efficacy and safety of long-acting growth hormone (LAGH) as a growth hormone replacement therapy in prepubertal children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD). We searched the PubMed, Embase, CNKI, and Wanfang databases from inception to July 2023 and identified eleven relevant studies. PEG-LAGH showed better effect on height velocity (mean difference [MD]: - 0.031, 95% credibility interval [CrI]: - 0.278, 0.215) than somatrogon (MD: 0...

Metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is closely associated with obesity. MASLD affects over one billion adults globally but there are few treatment options available. Glucagon is a key metabolic regulator, and its actions include the reduction of liver fat through direct and indirect means. Chronic glucagon signalling deficiency is associated with hyperaminoacidaemia, hyperglucagonaemia, and increased circulating levels of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21)...

CONTEXT: Subjects with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) have subnormal adult height. There are several potential APECED-related risk factors for suboptimal height attainment during childhood. OBJECTIVE: To determine the growth patterns in children with APECED. DESIGN: Retrospective longitudinal study. SETTING: The Finnish national APECED cohort. PATIENTS: 59 children with APECED...

Due to their sessile lifestyle, plants need to optimize their growth in order to adapt to ever-changing environments. Plants receive stimuli from the environment and convert them into cellular responses. Brassinosteroids (BRs), as growth-promoting steroid hormones, play a significant role in the tradeoff between growth and environmental responses. Here, we provide a comprehensive summary for understanding the crosstalk between BR and various environmental stresses, including water availability, temperature fluctuations, salinization, nutrient deficiencies and diseases...

Monosomy 18p deletion syndrome is a rare genetic disorder. We present an uncommon case of 18p deletion syndrome originating from a unique translocation between chromosomes 14 and 18 in an 11-year-old Saudi male, manifesting various clinical features. This case highlights the importance of understanding the genotype-phenotype correlations of 18p deletion syndrome to aid in the early recognition of the syndrome for its effective diagnosis and management.

Most patients with resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH) test negative in newborn screening (NBS) for congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Here, we present a case of RTH diagnosed through NBS. The patient presented to us after her NBS for CH revealed high TSH (23.4 µIU/mL) and free T4 (FT4) (5.40 ng/dL) levels. Apart from tachycardia, she exhibited no other manifestations related to excess or deficiency of thyroid hormones. A confirmatory test replicated the findings, showing elevated serum TSH levels (35.7 µIU/mL) along with high FT4 levels (5...

Non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPA) are most commonly found in post-menopausal women and men above the age of 50. They are mainly revealed by a tumor syndrome. The incidence of symptomatic NFPA during pregnancy is rare, with only nine documented cases in the literature. The patient was 39 years old with no previous medical or surgical history and was 17 weeks pregnant. A large pituitary macroadenoma measuring 17 x 18 x 19 mm was discovered radiologically in the presence of a pituitary tumor syndrome...

CONTEXT: Women with hypopituitarism remain at increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Insufficient replacement of sex steroids has been suggested as a contributing factor, but sex steroid levels in women with hypopituitarism have not been comprehensively mapped. OBJECTIVE: To quantify sex steroids in women with hypopituitarism by a high-sensitivity assay. METHODS: Using a combination of clinical and biochemical criteria, women with hypopituitarism (n = 104) who started growth hormone replacement 1995-2014 at a single center were categorized as eugonadal or having hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH)...

Adequate dietary intake of amino acids is imperative for normal animal growth. Our previous work using rat hepatocarcinoma Fao cells demonstrated that growth hormone (GH) resistance, coupled with a concurrent reduction in insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1) mRNA levels, may underlie the growth retardation associated with a low-protein diet (LPD). In this study, we investigated whether FGF21 contributes to liver GH resistance in Fao rat hepatoma cells under amino acid deprivation conditions. Mice subjected to an LPD exhibited growth retardation, compromised GH signaling in the liver, and decreased blood IGF-1 levels compared with those on a control diet...

INTRODUCTION: Growth hormone (GH) and the immune system have multiple bidirectional interactions. Data about the acute effects of GH on the immune system are lacking. The objective of our study was to evaluate the acute effects of GH on the immune system using time-of-flight mass cytometry. METHODS: This was a prospective study of pediatric patients who were being evaluated for short stature and underwent a GH stimulation test at a tertiary care center. Blood samples for immunologic markers, i...

The results of many studies in recent years indicate a significant impact of pituitary function on bone health. The proper function of the pituitary gland has a significant impact on the growth of the skeleton and the appearance of sexual dimorphism. It is also responsible for achieving peak bone mass, which protects against the development of osteoporosis and fractures later in life. It is also liable for the proper remodeling of the skeleton, which is a physiological mechanism managing the proper mechanical resistance of bones and the possibility of its regeneration after injuries...

With an increasing understanding of growth hormone deficiency, there has been a growing emphasis on the management of transition growth hormone deficiency (TGHD) in clinical practice. The inadequate diagnosis and treatment of TGHD have been a major clinical concern, leading to the development of relevant guidelines and consensus internationally. This article summarizes the evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and clinical challenges of TGHD based on these guidelines, consensus, and existing clinical studies, aiming to optimize and further improve the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and management of TGHD...

Prompt diagnosis and early treatment are key goals to optimize the outcomes of children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and attain the genetically expected adult height. Nonetheless, several barriers can hinder prompt diagnosis and treatment of GHD, including payer-related issues. In Saudi Arabia, moderate-to-severe short stature was reported in 13.1 and 11.7 % of healthy boys and girls, respectively. Several access and payer barriers can face pediatric endocrinologists during the diagnosis and treatment of GHD in Saudi Arabia...

Auxin plays a crucial role in regulating root growth and development, and its distribution pattern under environmental stimuli significantly influences root plasticity. Under K deficiency, the interaction between K+ transporters and auxin can modulate root development. This study compared the differences in root morphology and physiological mechanisms of the low-K-tolerant maize inbred line 90-21-3 and K-sensitive maize inbred line D937 under K-deficiency (K+ = 0.2 mM) with exogenous NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid, NAA = 0...

Hair loss is a common clinical condition connected with serious psychological distress and reduced quality of life. Hormones play an essential role in the regulation of the hair growth cycle. This review focuses on the hormonal background of hair loss, including pathophysiology, underlying endocrine disorders, and possible treatment options for alopecia. In particular, the role of androgens, including dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone (T), androstenedione (A4), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and its sulfate (DHEAS), has been studied in the context of androgenetic alopecia...