Elderly and Diseases

Skin ageing is a multifaceted process impacted by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Drier and less elastic skin with declining sebum levels in older age makes ageing skin more vulnerable to various skin conditions, including infections, inflammatory dermatoses, and cancers. Skin problems are common among older adults due to the effects of ageing, polypharmacy and multimorbidity impacting not only physical health but wellbeing and quality of life. In the UK, older adults in geriatric medicine wards may present with various skin conditions...

BACKGROUND:  Chronic diseases tend to affect the quality of life for older persons worldwide, especially in resource-constrained developing countries. Chronic diseases contribute to a large number of deaths among the population of South Africa. AIM:  This study examines the determinants of self-reported chronic disease diagnoses among older persons in South Africa. SETTING:  The study setting was South Africa. METHODS:  Cross-sectional data from the 2019 South Africa General Household Survey were analysed (n [weighted] = 4 887 334)...

WHO Classification of Skin Tumors, fifth edition (2023) has newly described primary cutaneous NUT carcinoma; however, information on this cancer type remains scarce. Herein, we performed clinicopathologic and genetic analyses of 4 cases. Four elderly women (median age 77 y, range: 68 to 82 y) were included. The median tumor size was 12.5 (10 to 40 mm). Tumors were located on the scalp, temple, thigh, and palm. Two (50%) patients presented with regional lymph node metastases. Neither distant metastasis nor mortality was observed during patient follow-up of 10...

OBJECTIVE: Multicause-of-death methods were used to analyze mortality and leading causes of death associated with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) in the United States from 1999 to 2020. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed mortality data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Data analysis system and selected death certificates that listed PMR as the cause of death based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) category code...

OBJECTIVE: Dysgeusia is characterized by a loss of taste perception, leading to malnutrition. This situation affects inflammatory conditions such as respiratory and neurological conditions, obesity, cancer, chemotherapy, aging, and many others. To date, there is not much information on the prevalence and risk of dysgeusia in an inflammatory condition; also, it is unclear which flavor is altered. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We systematically searched three databases from January 2018 to January 2023...

Geriatric diseases are a group of diseases with unique characteristics related to senility. With the rising trend of global aging, senile diseases now mainly include endocrine, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, skeletal, and muscular diseases and cancer. Compared with younger populations, the structure and function of various cells, tissues and organs in the body of the elderly undergo a decline as they age, rendering them more susceptible to external factors and diseases, leading to serious tissue damage...

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) poses a significant global health threat, especially affecting infants and the elderly. Addressing this, the present study proposes an innovative approach to vaccine design, utilizing immunoinformatics and computational strategies. We analyzed RSV's structural proteins across both subtypes A and B, identifying potential helper T lymphocyte, cytotoxic T lymphocyte, and linear B lymphocyte epitopes. Criteria such as antigenicity, allergenicity, toxicity, and cytokine-inducing potential were rigorously examined...

BACKGROUND: In contemporary times, malignancies characterized by metastatic growth have been subjected to innovative therapeutic approaches involving immunological agents known as Programmed Death Receptor 1 (PD-1) inhibitors. Notwithstanding their remarkable immunotherapeutic effectiveness, these treatments can give rise to undesirable immune-related effects. Sintilimab, a PD-1 inhibitor sanctioned for marketing by the Chinese National Medical Products Administration in 2018, has been associated with 51 reported cases of adverse reactions on the market, excluding psoriasis, up to the present moment...

BACKGROUND: A cardiovascular safety trial of testosterone in men with cardiovascular risk factors or disease found no difference in rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) or death but noted more atrial fibrillation (AF) events in testosterone-treated men. We investigated the relationship between endogenous testosterone concentrations with risk of developing AF in healthy older men. METHODS: Post-hoc analysis of 4570 male participants in the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) study...

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPis) induce autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2 (APS-2), which is defined as a combination of at least two of the following endocrinopathies: autoimmune thyroid disease, type 1 diabetes, and Addison's disease. Cases with the full triad are rare. We present a case of an elderly woman who developed APS-2 with the complete triad shortly after starting anti-programmed cell death 1 (anti-PD1) treatment and review the related literature...

INTRODUCTION: Kidney transplantation (KT) involving elderly living kidney donors (LKDs) is becoming more frequent because of a profound organ shortage. The efficacy of KT involving grafts obtained from LKDs aged 70 years or older has been reported. However, the safety of donor nephrectomy in LKDs aged 70 years or older, including that associated with changes in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), has not been investigated. This study investigated the outcomes of LKDs aged 70 years or older after donor nephrectomy...

OBJECTIVES: There has been a significant increase in subjective cognitive decline (SCD) studies in older adults over the years. A bibliometric analysis was conducted to demonstrate the current hotspots and emerging trends in SCD research in older adults and provide references for further research in this field. METHODS: The study conducted a bibliometric analysis based on co-citation analysis. From the Web of Science Core Collection database, this study obtained 1,436 manuscripts regarding SCD in older adults published from 2003 to 2023...

Acquired methemoglobinemia, predominantly due to oxidizing medications occurs when heme iron in hemoglobin is oxidized from ferrous to ferric ion and binds oxygen irreversibly leading to functional anemia, cyanosis, and tissue hypoxia. We report a case of a 60-year-old man with multiple comorbidities who was diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and developed methemoglobinemia after consumption of prescribed supplements. He presented with dyspnea and cyanosis. An oxygen saturation gap with characteristic chocolate-brown arterial blood indicated methemoglobinemia...

AIM: The number of elderly patients with liver cancer is increasing with the aging society. The Geriatric Prognostic Scoring System is useful in predicting the postoperative prognosis for elderly patients with gastrointestinal cancer. The aim of the present study was to assess the predictive ability of the geriatric prognostic scoring system for postoperative survival in elderly patients with liver cancer. METHODS: Eighty-eight patients aged ≥75 years who were treated for primary liver cancer and metastatic liver tumor were retrospectively analyzed...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) among elderly coronary heart disease (CHD) patients toward self-perceived health abilities. METHODS: This web-based study was carried out between April 2023 and September 2023 at Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. A self-developed questionnaire was utilized to collect demographic information from elderly CHD patients, and evaluate their KAP towards self-perceived health abilities...

BACKGROUND: Patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and newly prescribed insulin need to learn essential self-care and management skills quickly. To optimize teaching, clinicians need to assess a patient's basic understanding of DM and their skills. While DM patient assessments exist, this study reports the development of an assessment of patient DM management skills and knowledge, using feedback from DM clinicians, patients, and caregivers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A systematic search of Pubmed/Medline and Scopus (1980-2017) of DM knowledge assessments was performed...

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BACKGROUND: Subjective hearing loss (SHL) refers to an individual's self-assessment of their hearing loss. The association and underlying mechanisms between SHL and cognitive impairment still necessitate elucidation. OBJECTIVES: To validate potential mechanisms between SHL and cognitive impairment. DESIGN: Cross-section. SETTING: Shanghai, China. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2369 individuals from communities and the cognitive disorder clinic...

BACKGROUND: Long sedentary time and physical inactivity are negatively related to cognition, but the cut-off value remains unclear, and apolipoprotein E polymorphism ε4 (APOE ε4) is a known genetic risk factor of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). OBJECTIVES: To explore longitudinal association of sedentary time and MCI, and to identify a cutoff value that increases the risk of developing MCI, taking into account APOE ε4 stratification and its interactions...

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in adults aged 75 and over undergoing acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) treatment. METHODS: PubMed, Embase and the CENTRAL were searched up to 25 December 2023. The incidence of VTE recurrence and bleeding events was assessed. Employing a frequentist network meta-analysis approach, interventions not directly compared could be indirectly assessed through the 95% confidence interval (CI), enhancing the interpretability of the search results...