Velda X Han, Hannah F Jones, Shrujna Patel, Shekeeb S Mohammad, Markus J Hofer, Sarah Alshammery, Emma Maple-Brown, Wendy Gold, Fabienne Brilot, Russell C Dale
Inflammation is increasingly recognised to play a major role in gene-environment interactions in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). The effects of aberrant immune responses to environmental stimuli in the mother and in the child can affect neuroimmune signalling that is central to brain development. Toll-like receptors (TLR) are the best known innate immune pattern and danger recognition sensors to various environmental threats. In animal models, maternal immune activation (MIA), secondary to inflammatory factors including maternal gestational infection, obesity, diabetes, and stress activate the TLR pathway in maternal blood, placenta, and fetal brain, which correlate with offspring neurobehavioral abnormalities...
January 2022: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity