kinematic

Wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) are used increasingly to estimate biomechanical exposures in lifting-lowering tasks. The objective of the study was to develop and evaluate predictive models for estimating relative hand loads and two other critical biomechanical exposures to gain a comprehensive understanding of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in lifting. We collected 12,480 lifting-lowering phases from 26 subjects (15 men and 11 women) performing manual lifting-lowering tasks with hand loads (0-22...

INTRODUCTION: Radiographic analysis is necessary for the assessment and the surgical planning in adults with spinal deformity (ASD). Restoration of global alignment is key to improving patient's quality of life. However, the large number of existing global alignment parameters can be confusing for surgeons. RESEARCH QUESTION: To determine the most clinically and functionally relevant global alignment parameters in ASD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: ASD and controls underwent full body biplanar X-ray to calculate global alignment parameters: odontoid to hip axis angle (OD-HA), global sagittal angle (GSA), global tilt (GT), SVA, center of auditory meatus to hip axis (CAM-HA), SSA, T1-tilt and T9-tilt...

INTRODUCTION: Articulography and functional neuroimaging are two major tools for studying the neurobiology of speech production. Until now, however, it has generally not been feasible to use both in the same experimental setup because of technical incompatibilities between the two methodologies. METHODS: Here we describe results from a novel articulography system dubbed Magneto-articulography for the Assessment of Speech Kinematics (MASK), which is technically compatible with magnetoencephalography (MEG) brain scanning systems...

BACKGROUND: Transfer of the anterior latissimus dorsi and teres major (LDTM) tendons has demonstrated favorable outcomes in patients with irreparable anterosuperior rotator cuff tears1 . The objective of this procedure is to restore internal rotation strength, enhance active range of motion, and provide pain relief while preserving the glenohumeral joint. DESCRIPTION: The incision extended from the coracoid to the inferior border of the pectoralis major tendon, following the deltopectoral interval located laterally to the coracoid...

UNLABELLED: Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that impacts over 300,000 individuals in the US alone. Depending on the severity of the injury, SCI can lead to varying degrees of sensorimotor deficits and paralysis. Despite advances in our understanding of the underlying pathological mechanisms of SCI and the identification of promising molecular targets for repair and functional restoration, few therapies have made it into clinical use. To improve the success rate of clinical translation, more robust, sensitive, and reproducible means of functional assessment are required...

OrthoFusion, an intuitive super-resolution algorithm, is presented in this study to enhance the spatial resolution of clinical CT volumes. The efficacy of OrthoFusion is evaluated, relative to high-resolution CT volumes (ground truth), by assessing image volume and derived bone morphological similarity, as well as its performance in specific applications in 2D-3D registration tasks. Results demonstrate that OrthoFusion significantly reduced segmentation time, while improving structural similarity of bone images and relative accuracy of derived bone model geometries...

A skin marker-based motion capture model providing measures of scapular rotations was recently developed. The aim of this study was to investigate the concurrent validity and the interrater reliability of the model. Shoulder range of motion (RoM) and activities of daily living (ADL) were tested in healthy volunteers with reflective markers on the scapula and thorax. To investigate the validity, the model was compared to simultaneous data collection from markers on a scapular intracortical pin. The interrater reliability was tested by comparing the skin marker-based protocol performed by two investigators...

PURPOSE: While the coronal plane alignment of the knee (CPAK) classification serves as a useful guide in personalising total knee arthroplasty (TKA), the extent of its correlation with segmental coronal extra-articular knee deformities remains uncertain. This study aims to investigate the potential correlation between CPAK matrix groups and segmental coronal extra-articular deformities in prearthritic knees, shedding light on the relationship between these two factors that seems to be both essential to perform personalised TKA...

PURPOSE: The pivot-shift test is used to clinically assess knee instability in patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) lesions; however, it has low interobserver reliability. Dynamic radiostereometry (dRSA) is a highly precise and noninvasive method for the objective evaluation of joint kinematics. The purpose of this study was to quantify precise knee kinematics during a pivot-shift test using dRSA imaging. METHOD: Eight human donor legs, including hemipelvises, were evaluated...

Improvements in care and rehabilitation have resulted in a higher proportion of people living with spinal cord injury (SCI), which calls for an increased focus on participation and autonomy. This observational cross-sectional study investigated the impact of SCI on autonomy and how it correlates to activity performance and upper extremity functioning. A total of 25 adults (mean age 58 years) with chronic cervical or thoracic SCI were included. Self-perceived autonomy was measured with Impact on Participation and Autonomy questionnaire, independence in activities of daily living (ADL) with Spinal Cord Independence Measure, upper extremity functioning with Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) and kinematic measures of the drinking task...

OBJECTIVES: This prospective randomized multicenter clinical trial (PRMCT) investigated postoperative pain after single-visit root canal treatments in teeth affected by pulp necrosis (PN), and asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AAP) (with apical radiolucent areas) or normal periradicular tissues (without apical radiolucent areas) comparing different instruments' kinematics and apical instrumentation limits. METHODS: Before chemomechanical preparation, 240 patients/teeth were randomly distributed into four groups (n = 60) according to the instruments' kinematics (rotary or reciprocating) and apical instrumentation limits (with or without intentional foraminal enlargement [IFE])...

Free stall comfort is reflected in various indicators, including the ability for dairy cattle to display unhindered posture transition movements in the cubicles. To ensure farm animal welfare, it is instrumental for the farm management to be able to continuously monitor occurrences of abnormal motions. Advances in computer vision have enabled accurate kinematic measurements in several fields such as human, equine and bovine biomechanics. An important step upstream to measuring displacement during posture transitions is to determine that the behavior is accurately detected...

The plantar aponeurosis (PA) is an elastic longitudinal band that contributes to the generation of a propulsive force in the push-off phase during walking and running through the windlass mechanism. However, the dynamic behavior of the PA remains unclear owing to the lack of direct measurement of the strain it generates. Therefore, this study aimed to visualize and quantify the PA behavior during two distinct foot postures: (i) neutral posture and (ii) windlass posture with midtarsal joint plantarflexion and metatarsophalangeal joint dorsiflexion, using computed tomography scans...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the kinematics and stability of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of cats and dogs with and without a TMJ replacement (TMJR) prosthesis under simulated bite forces and mouth opening. ANIMALS: Sixteen cadaver skulls from domestic cats (n = 8) and medium- to large-breed dogs (n = 8). METHODS: Intact TMJs were tested. Following condylectomy and coronoidectomy, the skulls were fitted with a TMJR prosthesis unilaterally and retested...

Semi-recumbent cycling performed from a wheelchair is a popular rehabilitation exercise following spinal cord injury (SCI) and is often paired with functional electrical stimulation. However, biomechanical assessment of this cycling modality is lacking, even in unimpaired populations, hindering the development of personalised and safe rehabilitation programs for those with SCI. This study developed a computational pipeline to determine lower limb kinematics, kinetics, and joint contact forces (JCF) in 11 unimpaired participants during voluntary semi-recumbent cycling using a rehabilitation ergometer...

Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) have been proposed as an ecological alternative to optoelectronic systems for obtaining human body joint kinematics. Tremendous work has been done to reduce differences between kinematics obtained with IMUs and optoelectronic systems, by improving sensor-to-segment calibration, fusion algorithms, and by using Multibody Kinematics Optimization (MKO). However, these improvements seem to reach a barrier, particularly on transverse and frontal planes. Inspired by marker-based MKO approach performed via OpenSim, this study proposes to test whether IMU redundancy with MKO could improve lower-limb kinematics obtained from IMUs...

Clinical management of whiplash-associated disorders is challenging and often unsuccessful, with over a third of whiplash injuries progressing to chronic neck pain. Previous imaging studies have identified muscle fat infiltration, indicative of muscle weakness, in the deep cervical extensor muscles (multifidus and semispinalis cervicis). Yet, kinematic and muscle redundancy prevent the direct assessment of individual neck muscle strength, making it difficult to determine the role of these muscles in motor dysfunction...

A previous study discovered that two speakers with moderate apraxia of speech increased their sequential motion rates after unilateral forced-nostril breathing (UFNB) practiced as an adjunct to speech-language therapy in an AB repeated-measures design. The current study sought to: (1) delineate possible UFNB plus practice effects from practice effects alone in motor speech skills; (2) examine the relationships between UFNB integrity, participant-reported stress levels, and motor speech performance; and (3) sample a participant-led UFNB training schedule to contribute to the literature's growing understanding of UFNB dosage...

We present a kinematically complete study on strong-field double ionization of H_{2} molecules in two-color bicircular laser fields. The releasing times of electrons and protons are recorded with the double-hand attoclock. We observe the relative emission angles of two electrons oscillate with the kinetic energy release of protons, indicating the internal concerted four-body fragmentation. Using a three-dimensional molecular semiclassical ensemble model, we have disentangled the attosecond correlated electron emission in H_{2} double ionization...

In infants and children with feeding and swallowing issues, modifying solid foods to form a liquid or puree is used to ensure adequate growth and nutrition. However, the behavioral and neurophysiological effects of prolonged use of this intervention during critical periods of postnatal oral skill development have not been systematically examined, although substantial anecdotal evidence suggests that it negatively impacts downstream feeding motor and coordination skills, possibly due to immature sensorimotor development...