Review articule

BACKGROUND: Digital health technologies (DHTs) are increasingly used in physical stroke rehabilitation to support individuals in successfully engaging with the frequent, intensive, and lengthy activities required to optimize recovery. Despite this, little is known about behavior change within these interventions. OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aimed to identify if and how behavior change approaches (ie, theories, models, frameworks, and techniques to influence behavior) are incorporated within physical stroke rehabilitation interventions that include a DHT...

This article reviews the implementation challenges to the American Society of Clinical Oncology's ethical framework for including research biopsies in oncology clinical trials. The primary challenges to implementation relate to the definitions of secondary endpoints, the scientific and regulatory framework, and the incentive structure that encourages inclusion of biopsies. Principles of research stewardship require that the clinical trials community correctly articulate the scientific goals of any research biopsies, especially those that are required for the patient to enroll on a trial and receive an investigational agent...

BACKGROUND: Active participation of cancer patients and their caregivers in decision-making, along with high-quality communication, is crucial in patient-centered cancer management. Although numerous factors affecting patients' communication and decision-making involvement have been identified, it is still unclear which ones are the most prevalent and critical. OBJECTIVE: To identify factors that contribute to high-quality patient-centered communication and decision-making participation from the perspectives of cancer patients, informal caregivers, and/or healthcare professionals...

In a recent study based on the generalized mixed Yule coalescent method for delimiting species, a threshold of 2% genetic distance using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences was used to delimit the species of Microglanis. That action resulted in assembling several populations of Microglanis from Atlantic coastal rivers between Rio Grande do Sul and São Paulo states as a single species, Microglanis cottoides, including Microglanis cibelae as a junior synonym. We reexamined these populations and found three species diagnosed by their morphology and that constitute separate mtDNA lineages, including a new species...

BACKGROUND: Polyaryl-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) has gained popularity as a substrate for orthopaedic hardware due to its desirable properties such as heat and deformation resistance, low weight, and ease of manufacturing. However, we observed a relatively high failure rate of PEEK-based hinges in a distal femur reconstruction system. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the proportion of patients who experienced implant failure, analyse the mechanism of failure, and document the associated clinical findings...

BACKGROUND: Synovial chondromatosis is a non-malignant synovial disorder characterized by the presence of cartilage formation within the synovial membrane, leading to the emergence of multiple cartilaginous nodules that may be either attached or unattached. The presence of this anatomical feature is frequently observed in articulations such as the knee, hip, elbow, and ankle. CASE REPORT: In this study, we present a case of synovial chondromatosis in the knee joint of a healthy male in his early 60s...

The purpose of this review is to highlight the most important aspects of the anatomical and functional uniqueness of the human brain. For this, a comparison is made between our brains and those of our closest ancestors (chimpanzees and bonobos) and human ancestors. During human evolution, several changes occurred in the brain, such as an absolute increase in brain size and number of cortical neurons, in addition to a greater degree of functional lateralization and anatomical asymmetry. Also, the cortical cytoarchitecture became more diversified and there was an increase in the number of intracortical networks and networks extending from the cerebral cortex to subcortical structures, with more neural networks being invested in multisensory and sensory-motor-affective-cognitive integration...

Access to sociodigital experiences is constantly expanding, driven by the development of immersive technologies that capture the public's interest. These technological advances present a hypnotic nature, sparking curiosity, creating new experiences, and providing opportunities for expanding access and inclusion. This article aims to highlight the characteristics and requirements necessary for the development of creativity in new virtual environments, with a focus on the metaverse, a three-dimensional and interactive virtual space that offers users the sensation of existence within this environment...

The emergence of computationally powerful smartphones, relatively affordable high-resolution camera, drones, and robotic sensors have ushered in a new age of advanced sensible monitoring tools. The present review article investigates the burgeoning smartphone-based sensing paradigms, including surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, electrochemical biosensors, colorimetric biosensors, and other innovations for modern healthcare. Despite the significant advancements, there are still scarcity of commercially available smart biosensors and hence need to accelerate the rates of technology transfer, application, and user acceptability...

The twenty-first century has seen the development and delivery of online programs of behavioral family intervention for disruptive child behavior. Typically, programs evaluate outcomes in terms of change in child functioning and change in parenting ability. Existing research has also articulated the importance of parent-child relational capacity and its role in facilitating change in child functioning, and the importance of parent emotion regulation in the interests of ensuring optimal child development. These factors were explored in a meta-analysis of k = 14 prospective longitudinal research studies of online parenting interventions for disruptive child behavior...

Efforts to achieve gender equity of health professionals should be a priority in all fields of medicine, including academic dermatology. This review aimed, first, to summarize available evidence about the status of gender equity in various domains of academic dermatology-headship positions, salary, editor and editorial board appointments, publications, conference presentations, receipt of research grants and academic prizes-second, to identify challenges to achieving gender equity and, third, to articulate the components of a multifaceted strategy for gender parity...

Research on positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) is often guided by the rotational variant of the circumplex model of affect (RCMA). According to the RCMA, PA and NA are posited to be orthogonal, with PA ranging from the union of positive valence and high activation (e.g., excited) to the union of negative valence and low activation (e.g., sluggish), and NA ranging from the union of negative valence and high activation (e.g., distressed) to the union of positive valence and low activation (e.g., relaxed)...

Since the introduction of the cultivated meat burger in 2013, numerous discussions have transpired between researchers and consumers, manifesting in various forms such as academic publications, opinions on personal websites and interactions on social platforms. For Muslim consumers, a primary concern revolves around the halal status of cultivated meat, given the pivotal role of adhering to a halal diet as a divine obligation in their lives. Therefore, this article seeks to systematically review the existing literature on cultivated meat from an Islamic perspective as articulated by Muslim scholars, whether these perspectives are issued by an established fatwa organisation or representations of personal views...

BACKGROUND: Knee and hip osteoarthritis affects millions of people around the world and is expected to rise even more in frequency as the population ages. Joint arthroplasty is the surgical management of choice in these articulations. Heterotopic ossification and radiolucent lines formation are two frequent problems faced in hip and knee replacements respectively. Some studies show that the usage of pulsed lavage may prevent their formation. AIM: To compare pulsed lavage to standard lavage in joint arthroplasty...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Supernumerary ribs are very rare. They may occur at any level of the spine. We present here a case of an unusual localization of an extra rib that has not been previously described in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION: A 4-year-old girl, with no medical history, presented with a congenital deformity in the sternal region mimicking a tail. The tail-like structure had a bony axis and was covered by normal skin and hairs. A computed tomography of the chest demonstrated that this structure was an abnormal bone articulated with the the sternum...

While the traditional goal of faculty development (FD) has been to enhance individual growth and development, this goal may no longer suffice to address the compelling challenges faculty members are facing, such as increasing workloads, emotional well-being, and institutional support for education. Addressing these challenges will require change at the organizational level. The purpose of this perspective is to articulate a vision for FD programming that describes ways in which FD leaders, together with other educational leaders, can bring about change at the organizational level to support excellence and innovation in health professions education...

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy as a treatment for conditions like traumatic brain injury, posttraumatic stress disorder, and migraines would seem intuitive, given its effect on condition-related ischemia and inflammation. However, hyperbaric therapeutic impacts for these in acute and chronic, or prolonged symptoms are elusive. This narrative review of hyperbaric's utility provided in sections per disease renders first a review of conventional pathological mechanisms and then articulates hyperbaric treatment targets versus their respective impacts...

INTRODUCTION: Systemic toxicity of eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) cream is rare and is most commonly observed in children, for example, upon extensive application, and rarely occurs in adults with certain dispositions. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 71-year-old man who developed methemoglobinemia and systemic intoxication upon topical application of EMLA cream for leg ulcer and stasis dermatitis prior to surgical debridement. Approximately 45 min after application, the patient was found to be in a somnolent state, was unable to articulate, and showed peripheral cyanosis...

AIM AND BACKGROUND: The respective review articles aim is to provide an overview as well as describes and enlists different orofacial myofunctional therapy exercises as a modality for tongue tie secondary to surgery.Tongue tie is the basically a connection that joints base of tongue to the floor of mouth. This leads to difficulties various difficulties such as altered speech, oral habits, maligned teeth and many more. During formative years, most children successfully treated of tongue tie by releasing it, but problems start after its correction...

This comprehensive review elucidates the multifaceted roles of paclitaxel, a key chemotherapeutic agent, in cancer therapy, with a focus on its interactions with gap junctions and related kinases. Paclitaxel, with its complex diterpene structure, mediates its anticancer effects predominantly through specific interactions with β-tubulin, instigating cell cycle arrest and triggering various cell death pathways, including apoptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis. The paper systematically delineates the chemical attributes and action mechanisms of paclitaxel and its analogs, underscoring their capacity to disrupt microtubule dynamics, thereby leading to mitotic arrest and subsequent cell death induction...