Urinary stone

Pyelonephritis is one of the main systemic bacterial infections encountered in emergency departments. We present a case of diabetes woman aged 30 years referred to our urology department of El-Idrissi Hospital, Kenitra (Morocco) for recurrent episodes of urinary tract infection, multiple urolithiasis, chills, unilateral lower back pain, chills and severe hydroureteronephrosis. Abdominal CT showed a non-functioning obstructed kidney with pyelic and ureteral stones. Nephroureterectomy was performed by extraperitoneal nephrectomy for avoiding any more extended nephrectomy incision or second iliac incision, this technic ensures nephroureterectomy with minimal risk of affecting the distal ureter, that sometimes follows nephrectomy...

INTRODUCTION: Although pediatric urolithiasis remains relatively uncommon, its global prevalence is on the rise. Technological advances have led to miniaturization of instruments especially in the form of single use scopes. As the evidence on the use of small single use ureteroscopes in children is scarce, we have conducted a pilot two-center study to analyze the outcomes of pediatric patients treated with the Pusen 7.5 Fr single use scopes at our institutions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study included consecutive pediatric patients with urinary stones treated with the small Pusen 7...

Gout is a chronic metabolic and immune disease, and its specific pathogenesis is still unclear. When the serum uric acid exceeds its saturation in the blood or tissue fluid, it is converted to monosodium urate crystals, which lead to acute arthritis of varying degrees, urinary stones, or irreversible peripheral joint damage, and in severe cases, impairment of vital organ function. Gout flare is a clinically significant state of acute inflammation in gout. The current treatment is mostly anti-inflammatory analgesics, which have numerous side effects with limited treatment methods...

OBJECTIVES: Chronic Idiopathic urinary retention is poorly understood. One small study suggests higher than expected rates of functional neurological disorder and pain comorbidity which may have implications for understanding the disorder. We investigated the frequency of functional neurological disorder, chronic pain other medical and psychiatric comorbidity, triggers of urinary retention, results of urodynamic assessment, medication history, management, and outcome in patients with chronic idiopathic urinary retention...

In men aged 40-83 years, the overall incidence of urinary retention is 4.5-6.8 cases per 1000 men per year. The incidence increases significantly with age, so that a man in his 70 s has a 10% chance and a man in his 80 s has a more than 30% chance of experiencing an episode of acute urinary retention [1]. The goal of diagnosis is to quickly reach a finding through clinical examination and ultrasound to be able to relieve the bladder. The first maneuver is catheterization, followed by, if necessary, initiation of pharmacological therapy that targets the underlying cause...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the gender gap in the context of stone-related surgery within an Israeli population. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using administrative databases from Clalit Health Services to identify adults aged 18 and above who had their initial surgical treatment for upper tract urolithiasis. We employed descriptive statistics to outline the baseline patient characteristics, and the Cochran-Armitage test for trend was utilized to analyze surgical trends...

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a safe and efficient treatment option for urinary stone disease. The overall stone-free rate (SFR) varies significantly. This study aimed to assess the influence of stone size, location, stone density, and skin-to-stone distance (SSD), on the outcome of ESWL. We assessed whether pre-treatment non-contrast-enhanced CT scan (NCCT) confers significant advantages compared to kidney-ureter-bladder film (KUB) only. We reviewed the medical records of 307 cases (165 men, 142 women) with renal and ureteral stones treated consecutively at our institution with ESWL between 2020 and 2023...

PURPOSE: To establish a prediction model for repeated shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) efficacy to help choose an appropriate treatment plan for patients with a single failed lithotripsy, reducing their treatment burden. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The clinical records and imaging data of 304 patients who underwent repeat SWL for upper urinary tract calculi (UUTC) at the Urology Centre of Shiyan People's Hospital between April 2019 and April 2023 were retrospectively collected...

Purpose To assess the feasibility of sparing routine antibiotic prophylaxis in patients without preoperative urinary tract infection (UTI) undergoing a ureterorenoscopy (URS) for stone removal. Patients and Methods A retrospective, monocentric study was conducted to evaluate the outcome of a modified perioperative antibiotic management strategy according to the principles of antibiotic stewardship (ABS). Patients with preoperative unremarkable urine culture received no antibiotic prophylaxis for ureterorenoscopic stone removal (NoPAP)...

INTRODUCTION & OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic and world-wide quarantine resulted in major changes in individual lifestyles. In New York State, March 16, 2020 marked the end of in-restaurant dining and a reported shift to more cooking at home. We investigated the 24-hour urine of patients with known history of nephrolithiasis to see if changes during COVID-19 pandemic altered the risk of stone disease. METHODS: Retrospectively, patients with history of nephrolithiasis seen for an outpatient visit from April 1, 2020-December 31, 2020 were studied...

Kidney stone disease (KSD, also named renal calculi, nephrolithiasis, or urolithiasis) is a common urological disease entailing the formation of minerals and salts that form inside the urinary tract, frequently caused by diabetes, high blood pressure, hypertension, and monogenetic components in most patients. 10% of adults worldwide are affected by KSD, which continues to be highly prevalent and with increasing incidence. For the identification of novel therapeutic targets in KSD, we adopted high-throughput sequencing and mass spectrometry (MS) techniques in this study and carried out an integrative analysis of exosome proteomic data and DNA methylation data from blood samples of normal and KSD individuals...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate perioperative complications and the details of postoperative ureteral stricture after ureteroscopy with laser lithotripsy (URS-L) for upper urinary tract stones in Japan. METHODS: Patient data on intra- and postoperative complications after ureteroscopy using URS-L were retrospectively collected from multiple centers in Japan between April 2017 and March 2020 with the cooperation of the Japanese Society of Endourology and Robotics...

This article highlights a selection of important nephrology studies published in 2023 that have relevance for nonnephrologist physicians. Four studies examined progression of chronic kidney disease or cardiovascular disease with respect to finerenone use, magnesium supplementation, iron markers, and COVID-19. Two studies examined treatments to improve specific aspects of chronic kidney disease management, including daprodustat to address anemia and patiromer to address hyperphosphatemia. One study showed that acetazolamide added to loop diuretics increased diuresis in acute decompensated heart failure across a wide range of renal function...

PURPOSE: In our study, considering the clinical parameters we aimed to determine the most appropriate treatment approach for symptomatic gestational hydronephrosis and conditions requiring DJS insertion. METHODS: Our study was a retrospective cross-sectional study and 137 patients were included. The patients were divided into two groups: those with conservative follow-up and those with DJS. Demographic and clinical data, the degree of HUN detected in urinary ultrasonography and the anteroposterior diameter of the renal pelvis were evaluated...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Bladder stones, although rare in a healthy bladder, can emerge due to various factors, including obstructions in urinary flow, recurrent infections, and foreign bodies. Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) are known for their potential to migrate from the uterine cavity, leading to unusual complications such as bladder stone formation. CASE PRESENTATION: A 52-year-old woman, previously treated for a complicated urinary tract infection, presented with intermittent lower abdominal pain, dysuria, and hematuria...

PURPOSE: We aimed to accurately determine ureteral stricture (US) rates following urolithiasis treatments and their related risk factors. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA guidelines using databases from inception to November 2023. Studies were deemed eligible for analysis if they included ≥ 18 years old patients with urinary lithiasis (Patients) who were subjected to endoscopic treatment (Intervention) with ureteroscopy (URS), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), or shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) (Comparator) to assess the incidence of US (Outcome) in prospective and retrospective studies (Study design)...

Radiomics and machine learning have been extensively utilized in the realm of urinary stones, particularly in forecasting stone treatment outcomes. The objective of this study was to integrate clinical variables and radiomic features to develop a machine learning model for predicting the stone-free rate (SFR) following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). A total of 212 eligible patients who underwent PCNL surgery at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were included in a retrospective analysis...

Excessive sodium intake is associated with nephrolithiasis, but the impact of sodium-deficient (SD) diets is unknown. Hence, we investigated the effects of short- and long-term SD diets on the expression of renal aquaporins and sodium transporters, and thus calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal formation in hyperoxaluria rats. In a short-term sodium balance study, six male rats received drinking water and six received 0.75% ethylene glycol (EG) to induce hyperoxaluria. After a 30-day period of feeding on normal chow, both groups were treated with a normal-sodium diet for 5 days, followed by a sodium-free diet for the next 5 days...

Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (sTREM-1) is a new biomarker that can be used for the diagnosis and monitoring of urinary system infections. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of serum sTREM-1 in patients with a diagnosis of acute stone pyelonephritis (ASP). This prospective study included 46 patients with a diagnosis of ASP and a control group of 23 individuals without urinary system infection. Blood samples were taken from participants upon hospital admission, and basal serum sTREM-1 levels were analyzed using the ELISA method...

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of urolithiasis is multi-factorial and genetic factors have been shown to play a significant role in the development of urolithiasis. We tried to apply genome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis and figure out reliable gene susceptibility of urolithiasis from the largest samples to date in two independent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) database of European ancestry. METHODS: We extracted summary statistics of expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) from eQTLGen consortium...