Hospitalization infections

OBJECTIVES: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has been described as eliciting a powerful immune response. The association of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection with diseases requiring emergent or urgent colectomies may exacerbate the risk of surgical complications. We investigated the effect of preoperative COVID-19 infection on the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent a nonelective colectomy in 2021. METHODS: We queried the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Targeted Colectomy database for all of the patients who underwent a colectomy in 2021 and filtered for patients classified as "Urgent" or "Emergent...

BACKGROUND: Galicia (Spain) was one of the first regions worldwide to incorporate nirsevimab for universal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prophylaxis in infants into its immunisation programme. The NIRSE-GAL longitudinal population-based study aimed to assess nirsevimab effectiveness in preventing hospitalisations (ie, admittance to hospital). METHODS: The 2023-24 immunisation campaign with nirsevimab in Galicia began on Sept 25, 2023, and concluded on March 31, 2024...

BACKGROUND: The occurrence of pressure injury in patients with diabetes during ICU hospitalization can result in severe complications, including infections and non-healing wounds. AIMS: The aim of this study was to predict the occurrence of pressure injury in ICU patients with diabetes using machine learning models. STUDY DESIGN: In this study, LASSO regression was used for feature screening, XGBoost was employed for machine learning model construction, ROC curve analysis, calibration curve analysis, clinical decision curve analysis, sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and F1 score were used for evaluating the model's performance...

BACKGROUND: Acute appendicitis is a global disease with high incidence. The main objective was to assess the association between time from admission to surgery (TAS) and surgery during emergency hours with operative outcome in light of conflicting evidence. METHODS: This is a retrospective population-wide analysis of hospital billing data (2010-2021) of all adult patient records of surgically treated cases of acute appendicitis in Germany by TAS. The primary outcome was a composite clinical endpoint (CCE; prolonged length of stay, surgical site infection, interventional draining after surgery, revision surgery, intensive care unit admission and/or in-hospital mortality)...

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) poses a significant risk to people with HIV (PWH), with heightened incidence and prevalence rates, especially in countries with a high TB burden. This study assesses the prevalence and incidence rates of TB among PWH during the COVID-19 pandemic, and on treatment outcomes in TB-HIV co-infections. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted at Suddhavej Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand, from January 2020 to September 2023, involving newly diagnosed adult PWH...

To explore the effect of targeted second-generation sequencing technique to guide clinical diagnosis and medication on the therapeutic effect and prognosis of respiratory tract infection (RTI) in children. During January 2021 to June 2022, 320 children with RTI cured were selected in our hospital as the object of this retrospective study. The control group accepted empirical broad-spectrum antibacterial therapy and the observation group accepted targeted second-generation sequencing technique to guide diagnosis and medication...

The objective of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic-assisted surgery and traditional open surgery for pediatric incarcerated inguinal hernia. A total of 58 pediatric patients with indirect incarcerated inguinal hernia between January 2014 and January 2020 were included in this study. The patients were divided into 2 groups; observational group who underwent laparoscopic-assisted surgery (n = 36), and a control group who underwent traditional open surgery (n = 22)...

Neutropenic fever in adults undergoing chemotherapy for cancer treatment is a medical emergency and has been the focus of numerous studies. However, there is a paucity of data about non-chemotherapy induced neutropenic fever (non-CINF). We retrospectively reviewed 383 adults with neutropenic fever hospitalized at one academic medical center between October 2015 and September 2020 to characterize the frequency, causes, and outcomes of non-CINF. Twenty-six percent of cases of neutropenic fever were non-chemotherapy induced...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the difference of early gastric cancer (EGC) detection rate and endoscopic characteristics between painless and ordinary electronic gastroscopy, and summarize the clinical data of gastric cancer (GC) patients. METHODS: Clinical data of 72,000 patients who underwent gastroscopy in the First People Hospital of Huzhou (Zhejiang, China) from January 2016 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into painless gastroscopy group (observation group, 36,000 cases) and ordinary gastroscopy group (control group, 36,000 cases) according to the examination methods...

Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection pose significant challenges to global health, particularly in achieving the target of ending TB. However, the impact of HIV status on TB treatment outcomes remains unclear, especially in eastern Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the treatment outcomes of TB cases by HIV status and associated factors in Haramaya General Hospital from November 15 to December 30, 2022. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted, reviewing the TB registry and treatment cards of patients who received anti-TB treatment between September 2017 and August 2022...

Celiac disease exhibits a higher prevalence among patients with coronavirus disease 2019. However, the potential influence of COVID-19 on celiac disease remains uncertain. Considering the significant association between gut microbiota alterations, COVID-19 and celiac disease, the two-step Mendelian randomization method was employed to investigate the genetic causality between COVID-19 and celiac disease, with gut microbiota as the potential mediators. We employed the genome-wide association study to select genetic instrumental variables associated with the exposure...

AIMS: Influenza remains a contributor to substantial global morbidity and mortality. There is very limited data on disease burden in Egypt. The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence of influenza-associated Severe Acute Respiratory Illness (SARI) in three districts in Gharbia governorate in 2018. METHODS: This study Followed the World Health Organization (WHO) manual for estimating disease burden associated with seasonal influenza. The hospital admission database was screened for SARI patients in three districts at Gharbia governorate in 2018...

Many surgical site infections (SSI) emerge after the patient is discharged from hospital. So, practice and district nurses should remain alert for SSIs and address modifiable risk factors, which include helping obese patients lose weight, optimising glucose control in people with diabetes and encouraging smoking cessation. Animals, including pets, are important reservoirs of resistant bacteria. By optimising SSI care, nurses can not only improve wound healing but also help preserve antibiotic efficacy.

Acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) are common diseases in children and adults and could cause severe infections in high-risk patients, like the immunocompromised and elderly, and are the leading cause of morbidity, hospitalization and mortality. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of respiratory viruses and the clinical impact of single- and multi-infection among hospitalized patients in various age groups. 3578 nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) were analyzed for pathogen detection of acute respiratory tract infections...

More than 800 million individuals have contracted SARSCOV2 infection worldwide. It was estimated that almost 10-20% of these might suffer from Long COVID. It is a multisystemic syndrome, which negatively affects the quality of life with a significant burden of health loss compared to COVID negative individuals. Moreover, the risk of sequelae still remains high at 2 years in both nonhospitalized and hospitalized individuals. This review summarizes studies regarding long COVID and clarifies the definitions, the risk factors and the management of this syndrome...

BACKGROUND: Ferritin is an iron deposition protein and a commonly ordered clinical test. While high levels may signify iron deposition, the majority are due to metabolic, inflammatory, infectious, and malignant disorders. The association between ferritin elevations < 1000 μg/L and long-term mortality is well demonstrated. The association between extreme ferritin elevations, namely ferritin levels over 10,000 μg/L, and short-term mortality, as well as predictors of mortality, has not been defined...

Background: Improvements in liver transplant (LT) outcomes are attributed to advances in surgical techniques, use of potent immunosuppressants, and rigorous pre-LT testing. Despite these improvements, post-LT infections remain the most common complication in this population. Bacteria constitute the most common infectious agents, while fungal and viral infections are also frequently encountered. Multi-drug-resistant bacterial infections develop because of polymicrobial overuse and prolonged hospital stays. Immediate post-LT infections are commonly caused by viruses...

PURPOSE: The aim was to analyse the clinical and economic impact of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) infections. METHODS: Case-control study. Adult patients with CPE infections were considered cases, while those with non-CPE infections were controls. Matching criteria were age (± 5 years), sex, source of infection and microorganism (ratio 1:2). Primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes were 90-day mortality, clinical failure, hospitalisation costs and resource consumption...

BACKGROUND: Our Hospital in Northern Italy assists 3817 people living with HIV (PLWH) and has faced the impact of COVID-19. Little is known about the impact of HIV infection on the risk of post-COVID-19 conditions (PCCs) onset. We aim to assess the incidence of PCC in PLWH and the factors associated with its occurrence. METHODS: We performed a retrospective, observational study including all PLWH > 18 years registered in the Brescia Health Protection Agency database, assessing SARS-CoV-2 burden, vaccination status, socio-demographic, and viro-immunological parameters from February 2020 until May 2022...

PURPOSE: Patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) may have a higher risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF). The C2 HEST score was developed to evaluate the NOAF risk in the general population. Data on the value of the C2 HEST score in acute patients admitted with CAP are lacking. We want to establish the predictive value of C2 HEST score for NOAF in patients with CAP. METHODS: Patients with CAP enrolled in the SIXTUS cohort were enrolled...