centrophenoxine

The proposed research adheres to a certain methodology to ensure that the technique used for analyzing the centrophenoxine drug is sustainable and green. It is important to highlight that several tools that have been recently developed were utilized as potential indicators of environmental sustainability and applicability. The present research presents a novel and entirely innovative method utilizing ultrasensitive spectrofluorimetry for the detection of centrophenoxine (CPX) drug. The employed methodology in this study involved the utilization of one-step, one-pot, and direct spectrofluorimetric technique, which was found to be both efficient and environmentally sustainable in the validation and assessment of the drug...

INTRODUCTION: Centrophenoxine (meclofenoxate) is prescribed in China and elsewhere to treat a variety of conditions including alcoholism and dementia, but the US Food and Drug Administration has not approved the drug for any indication. We designed our study to determine the presence and quantity of centrophenoxine in dietary supplements sold over-the-counter in the US. METHODS: Supplements were included in our study if the label included (a) the term "dietary supplement" and (b) "centrophenoxine" as a declared ingredient...

This chapter is intended to outline the main results of a research trend realized by the author during the last 45 years, focused on the main role played by the cell membrane in the aging process. It is a very wide field; therefore, the reader cannot expect in this limited space a detailed description, but will be given a wide, interdisciplinary insight into the main facts and theories regarding cellular aging. The central idea described here is the concept called the membrane hypothesis of aging (MHA). The history, the chemical roots, physicochemical facts, biophysical processes, as well as the obligatory biochemical consequences are all touched in by indicating the most important sources of detailed knowledge for those who are more interested in the basic biology of the aging process...

Cereal crops, including bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), are an important staple food worldwide. With a growing global population, it is evident that current crop production will not meet the rising demands being placed on modern agriculture. Efforts to improve crop yield and stress-tolerance by traditional breeding are labor intensive, time consuming, and highly dependent upon the ability to capture existing and novel genetic variation from a restricted genetic pool. Genetic engineering of crop species is one of several alternatives to traditional breeding for the introduction of novel genetic variation...

PURPOSE: To investigate the role of Ca²(+) in lipofuscin formation in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells that phagocytize bovine photoreceptor outer segments (POSs). METHODS: Cultured human RPE cells fed with 2 × 10⁷per l bovine POS were treated with flunarizine, an antagonist of Ca²(+) channel, or/and centrophenoxine, a lipofuscin scavenger. The Ca²(+) changes and lipofuscin formation were measured with fluoresence dye Fluo-3/AM ester, laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and flow cytometry (FCM)...

The present study was carried out to investigate the potential of centrophenoxine in modulating aluminium-induced neurotoxicity. Female Sprague Dawley rats were administered aluminium chloride orally (40 mg/kg b.w./day) for a period of 8 weeks. At the end of respective treatment, various markers of oxidative stress were determined in four different regions of brain: cerebrum cerebellum, medulla oblongata, and hypothalamus. Lipid peroxidation assay was also carried out using standard techniques. Simultaneously, the centrophenoxine group (100 mg/kg b...

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). The important biochemical features of PD, being profound deficit in dopamine (DA) content, reduced glutathione (GSH), and enhanced lipid peroxidation (LPO) in dopaminergic (DA-ergic) neurons resulting in oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Rotenone-induced neurotoxicity is a well acknowledged preclinical model for studying PD in rodents as it produces selective DA-ergic neuronal degeneration. In our previous study, we have shown that chronic administration of rotenone to rats is able to produce motor dysfunction, which increases progressively with rotenone treatment and centrophenoxine (CPH) co-treatment is able to attenuate these motor defects...

Rotenone, a potent specific inhibitor of mitochondrial complex-1, appears to reproduce the behavioral features of Parkinson's disease in rats. It destroys dopaminergic neurons selectively, causing deficiency of dopamine in striatum which leads to impaired motor functions. Oxidative stress generated as a result of mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolism of dopamine has been implicated as an important factor in the etiology of Parkinson's disease. Present study explores the potential of centrophenoxine (a well known anti-aging and antioxidant drug) against rotenone induced motor dysfunction...

The environmental agent aluminium has been intensively investigated in the initiation and progression of various neurological disorders and the role of oxidative stress in these disorders is a widely discussed phenomenon. In this light, the present study is focused on the role of aluminium in mediating oxidative stress, which may help in better understanding its role in neuronal degeneration. Further, we have exploited a known anti-aging drug centrophenoxine to explore its potential in the conditions of metal induced oxidative damage...

Potential use of various nootropic drugs have been a burning area of research on account of various physical and chemical insult in brain under different toxicological conditions. One of the nootropic drug centrophenoxine, also known as an anti-aging drug has been exploited in the present experiment under aluminium toxic conditions. Aluminium was administered by oral gavage at a dose level of 100 mg/Kg x b x wt/day for a period of six weeks. To elucidate the region specific response, study was carried out in two different regions of brain namely cerebrum and cerebellum...

Aluminium is one of the most studied neurotoxin, and its effects on nervous system are both structural and functional, involving various regions of brain. Aluminium toxicity is known to have multiple mechanisms of action in the central nervous system. Affinity of aluminium for thiol substrates is considered a possible molecular mechanism involved in aluminium neurotoxicity. The reduced glutathione (GSH) is especially important for cellular defence against aluminium toxicity. This study pertains to the modulatory action of centrophenoxine on GSH status in aluminium exposed different brain regions of the female rats...

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a preventable disease with high morbidity and mortality. Largely omitted from the efforts at detection and treatment are the contributions of the lungs, the skeletal muscles and the arteries to heart disease pathology. Also omitted are the effects of the age-related decline in insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and the age-related increase in cell membrane pathology. The hypothesis on which this model is based postulates that growing older, over time, necessarily results in pathological changes in the heart, the lungs, the skeletal muscles and the arteries...

The debilitating consequences of age-related brain deterioration are widespread and extremely costly in terms of quality of life and longevity. Free radical induced damage is thought to be responsible, at least in part, for the degenerative effects of aging. This may be largely due to high-energy requirements, high oxygen consumption, high tissue concentration of iron and low of antioxidant enzymes in brain. Therefore, supplementing an external source of free radical scavenger would greatly benefit in ameliorating the free radical damage which may thus be beneficial in aging...

Recent studies clearly suggest a role of central nervous system in regulation of gastrointestinal function and defense against ulcerogens. In the present study, attempt was made to investigate the effect of centrophenoxine (CPH), a nootropic drug on gastric acid secretion and experimentally induced gastric ulcer in rats. Acid secretion studies were undertaken using pylorus-ligated rats pretreated with CPH (10-100 mg/kg, i.p.). The effect of orally administered CPH on water-immersion restraint (WIR) stress, indomethacin and ethanol-induced gastric ulcers was also examined...

AIM: To study the effects of centrophenoxine (CPH, meclofenoxate) on chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induced deficits in rats. METHODS: Chronic hypoperfusion in rats was performed by permanent bilateral ligation of the common carotid arteries. Morris water maze was used to measure spatial memory performance. Spectrophotometrical techniques were used to assay SOD, GPx activities, MDA content, TXB2, and 6-keto-PGF1alpha levels. Morphological change was examined by HE staining...

A double-blind clinical trial was performed on 50 persons (25 men, 25 women, average age 77 years) suffering from dementias of medium level (DSM III, Category 1, ICD No. 299). All subjects were residents in an old age home. The patients were treated first for 2 weeks by placebo tablets. During this period, body composition parameters were determined and these data served as controls. This was then followed by an 8-week-long treatment with the nootropic drug, centrophenoxine (CPH), 2 g/day distributed in 2x2 tablets of Helfergin(500) (Promonta, Hamburg, F...

The average lateral diffusion constant of proteins (D) in the cell membrane of hepatocytes has been measured in liver smears by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) based on the so-called peroxide-induced autofluorescence (PIAF) deriving from the oxidation of riboflavin bound to membrane proteins. It has been shown before that D displays a significant negative linear age-correlation. The in vivo effect of idebenone was tested on this parameter. Old (23.7 months at killing) male Fischer 344 rats received 50 mg of the drug per kg body weight per os through gastric tube, suspended in 5% gum arabic solution (Verum I group) or the same dose and form of idebenone completed by 80 mg centrophenoxine per kg body weight (Verum II group) for 35 days...

Oxygen free radical-induced oxidative damage is involved in both aging and ischemia-reperfusion. The purpose of this study was to determine the aging-induced oxidative alterations in rat heart as well as the age-dependence of heart injury following ischemia-reperfusion. A comparative study was performed on young and old ischemic-reperfused rat hearts. Protein oxidation and the ascorbyl radical level in heart tissue were determined in order to characterize the oxidative stress. Comparing the control conditions, old hearts have 31% more oxidized proteins as measured by protein carbonyl content, and 18% lower ascorbyl radical level as determined by ESR, than young ones...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is initially and primarily associated with the degeneration and alteration in the metabolism of cholinesterases (ChEs). The use of ChEs inhibitors to treat Alzheimer's condition, on the basis of the cholinergic hypothesis of the disease, is, therefore, without grounds. Most disturbing is the fact that the currently available anti-ChEs are designed to inhibit normal ChEs in the brain and throughout the body, but not the abnormal ones. Based on the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) deficiency theory, treatment should be designed to protect the cranial ChEs system from alteration and/or to help that system fight against degeneration through restoring its homeostatic action for brain structure and function instead...

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