Economic Model

The research delves into the underexplored area of how production network structures influence the severity of economic downturns, particularly during the last financial crisis. Utilizing the RSTAN database from the OECD, we meticulously derived critical measures from the input-output matrices for 61 economies. Our methodology entailed a panel analysis spanning from 2008 to 2010, which is a period marked by significant recessionary pressures. This analysis aimed to correlate economic performance with various production network metrics, taking into account control factors such as interest rates and the prevalence of service sectors...

This paper establishes a coherent framework for delineating the nexus between the digital economy and the subjective efficacy of labor resource allocation. It elucidates the theoretical underpinnings of the digital economy's impact and its channel effects on the efficiency of labor allocation. Within the digital economy landscape, the phenomena of survivorship bias, digital divide, and algorithmic hegemony wield substantial sway over the efficiency of labor market allocation. Empirical analysis, conducted through a cross-sectional data model, validates the theoretical framework...

The aim of the paper is to provide an ex-post assessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food insecurity in the EU-27 countries expressed by physical and economic food access. We analysed trade and price effects, together with food insecurity and malnutrition indicators. Actual levels of the indicators were compared with their pre-pandemic magnitudes and/or with counterfactual levels derived from predictive models. We also aimed to compare the objective statistics with the subjective consumers' perception of their households' food security...

Wastewater-based epidemiology is a promising public health tool that can yield a more representative view of the population than case reporting. However, only about 80% of the U.S. population is connected to public sewers, and the characteristics of populations missed by wastewater-based epidemiology are unclear. To address this gap, we used publicly available datasets to assess sewer connectivity in the U.S. by location, demographic groups, and economic groups. Data from the U.S. Census' American Housing Survey revealed that sewer connectivity was lower than average when the head of household was American Indian and Alaskan Native, White, non-Hispanic, older, and for larger households and those with higher income, but smaller geographic scales revealed local variations from this national connectivity pattern...

Chloroplast photorelocation is a vital organellar response that optimizes photosynthesis in plants amid fluctuating environmental conditions. Chloroplasts exhibit an accumulation response, in which they move toward weak light to enhance photoreception, and an avoidance response, in which they move away from strong light to avoid photodamage. Although chloroplast photorelocation has been extensively studied in model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana , little is known about this process in the economically important crop strawberry...

BACKGROUND: Observational evidence suggests the 4CMenB meningococcal vaccine may partially protect against gonorrhea, with one dose being two-thirds as protective as two. We examined the cost-effectiveness of vaccinating men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) in England, with one- or two-dose primary vaccination. METHODS: Integrated transmission-dynamic health-economic modeling explored the effects of targeting strategy, first- and second-dose uptake levels, and duration of vaccine protection, using observational estimates of vaccine protection...

BACKGROUND: Fundus photography is the most important examination in eye disease screening. A facilitated self-service eye screening pattern based on the fully automatic fundus camera was developed in 2022 in Shanghai, China; it may help solve the problem of insufficient human resources in primary health care institutions. However, the service quality and residents' preference for this new pattern are unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the service quality and residents' preferences between facilitated self-service eye screening and traditional manual screening and to explore the relationships between the screening service's quality and residents' preferences...

BACKGROUND: Smoking ban policies (SBPs) are potent health interventions and offer the potential to influence antismoking behavior. The Korean government completely prohibited smoking in indoor sports facilities, including billiard halls, since the government revised the National Health Promotion Act in December 2017. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the impact of the SBP on the economic outcomes of indoor sports facilities, particularly billiard halls. METHODS: This study used credit card sales data from the largest card company in South Korea...

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is seeing exceptional urbanization and economic expansion rates. Therefore, the STIRPAT (Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology) parameters and the spatial econometric framework are used in this work to examine the influence of economic growth and urbanization on SSA's CO2 emissions. Likewise, to determine the spatial effect and understand how factors influence the spatial dependence of carbon emissions, the study builds a spatial Durbin model (SDM)...

Foot-and-mouth disease is a highly contagious disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals, resulting in considerable economic losses. Its causal agent is foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), a picornavirus. Due to its error-prone replication and rapid evolution, the transmission and evolutionary dynamics of FMDV can be studied using genomic epidemiological approaches. To analyze FMDV evolution and identify possible transmission routes in an Argentinean region, field samples that tested positive for FMDV by PCR were obtained from 21 farms located in the Mar Chiquita district...

BACKGROUND: The second version of the Short-Form 6-Dimension (SF-6Dv2) classification system has recently been developed. The objective of this study was to develop a value set for SF-6Dv2 based on the societal preferences of a general population in the capital of Iran. METHODS: A representative sample of the capital of Iran (n = 3061) was recruited using a stratified multistage quota sampling technique. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using binary choice sets from the international valuation protocol of the discrete choice experiment with duration...

Non-targeted analysis of high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) can identify thousands of compounds, which also gives a huge challenge to their quantification. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of mass spectrometry ionization efficiency on various compounds in food at different solvent ratios and to develop a predictive model for mass spectrometry ionization efficiency to enable non-targeted quantitative prediction of unknown compounds. This study covered 70 compounds in 14 different mobile phase ratio environments in positive ion mode to analyze the rules of the matrix effect...

The rapid development of society and economy has resulted in a substantial increase in energy consumption, consequently exacerbating pollution issues. Current research predominantly focuses on energy-saving and emission reduction in road transportation within individual cities or the three major economic regions of China:the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region. However, there is a dearth of studies addressing the southeastern coastal economic region. Located at the heart of China's southeastern coastal economic development, the provinces of Guangdong, Fujian, and Zhejiang unavoidably face challenges associated with energy consumption and emissions while pursuing economic growth...

Exploring the spatial distribution of land use/coverage (LUCC) and ecosystem carbon reserves in the future of climate change can provide a scientific basis for optimizing the distribution of land resources and formulating social economic sustainable development policies. In this study, we integrated the plaques generating land use simulation (PLUS) model and ecosystem services and weighing comprehensive evaluation (InVEST) model. Based on the CMIP6-based sharing socio-economic path and representative concentration path (SSP-RCP), we evaluated the Loess Plateau for time and space dynamic changes in LUCC and ecosystem carbon reserves, analyzed the impact of driving factors on different regions, and explored the correlation between carbon reserves in various regions...

The purpose of this study was to reveal the spatial and temporal evolution patterns of habitat quality in karst counties of Guizhou plateau and its driving factors and to provide scientific basis for balanced ecological conservation and sustainable development of karst regions. Using DEM data, meteorological data, socio-economic data, and four periods of land use data in 1989, 2003, 2010, and 2020, the InVEST model was used to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of habitat quality in Puding County from 1989 to 2020 and to quantitatively detect the driving forces of its spatial divergence...

The external spatiotemporal evolution and intrinsic impact mechanisms of ecosystem service value are of great significance for understanding regional ecosystem issues and enhancing human ecological well-being. Based on grid data, this study used the equivalent factor method and NDVI to measure the ecosystem service value of the Yellow River Basin, analyzed the spatial-temporal evolution of urban ecosystem service value along the basin, and established a GWR model to explore the spatial heterogeneity of each influencing factor on the basis of determining the main influencing factors via geographic detector...

Hutuo River Basin straddles Shanxi and Hebei provinces, and Hutuo River was once cut off due to economic development and urban expansion after 2000; however, with the national emphasis on ecological civilization and the implementation of the South-North Water Diversion Project, the ecological protection of Hutuo River Basin has been significantly improved. MODIS data, Landsat data, and night light remote sensing data were selected based on the google earth engine (GEE) platform, and a new evaluation index system was generated by combining the biological richness index, vegetation cover index, land stress index, and pollution load index in the ecological environment index (EI) and the humidity index in the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI), using the variation coefficient method and entropy weighting method to assign weights to these indices...

To evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of ambient ozone (O3 ) in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) Region, the land use regression (LUR) model and random forest (RF) model were used to simulate the ambient O3 concentration from 2015 to 2020. Meanwhile, all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortalities as well as economic losses attributed to O3 were also estimated. The results showed that upward trends with fluctuation were observed for ambient O3 concentration, mortalities, and economic losses attributable to O3 exposure in the BTH Region from 2015 to 2020...

This study investigates the nexus between carbon dioxide emissions, economic development, and development finance in seeking an empirical answer to the conundrum at the intersection of development and environmental economics. Employing a theoretical framework that incorporates three dimensions of endowments, the real economy, and the financial sector, our empirical model accounts for the bi-directional causality of environmental degradation and economic growth in the Global South by adopting the simultaneous equations model...

The quality and safety of agricultural products are related to people's lives and health, economic development, and social stability, and have always been a hot issue of concern to the government and society. The rapid development of digital traceability technology in the digital environment has brought new opportunities for the supervision of agricultural product quality and safety, but the frequent occurrence of agricultural product safety incidents in recent years has exposed many problems such as the lack of governmental supervision, unstandardized production process of enterprises, and weak consumer awareness...