suppression burst

INTRODUCTION: Studies of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues [intramuscular (IM) leuprolide acetate (LA) and triptorelin] for treatment monitoring of central precocious puberty (CPP) demonstrate this approach is effective for confirming pubertal hormone suppression. Herein, we provide new data using subcutaneous LA (SC LA) suggesting similar efficacy for treatment monitoring. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL were searched for studies of GnRHa use to monitor treatment of CPP...

The updated ESAIC guideline on postoperative delirium (POD) comprises a total of 13 recommendations, including five with the recommendation grade "strong": 1.) The assessment of preoperative POD risk factors, 2.) the optimisation of the preoperative condition, 3.) the discussion of prevention strategies, 4) the implementation of a non-pharmacological multicomponent intervention in patients at risk of POD and 5.) the risk-benefit assessment of the prophylactic administration of dexmedetomidine...

Attending to salient sensory attributes of food, such as tastes that are new, displeasing, or unexpected, allows the procurement of nutrients without food poisoning. Exposure to new tastes is known to increase norepinephrine (NE) release in taste processing forebrain areas, yet the central source for this release is unknown. Locus ceruleus norepinephrine neurons (LC-NE) emerge as a candidate in signaling salient information about taste, as other salient sensory stimuli (e.g., visual, auditory, somatosensation) are known to activate LC neurons...

OBJECTIVE: Cerebrovascular autoregulation is defined as the capacity of cerebral blood vessels to maintain stable cerebral blood flow despite changing blood pressure. It is assessed using the pressure reactivity index (the correlation coefficient between mean arterial blood pressure and intracranial pressure). The objective of this scoping review is to describe the existing evidence concerning the association of EEG and cerebrovascular autoregulation in order to identify key concepts and detect gaps in the current knowledge...

BACKGROUND: Gait impairment has a major impact on quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). It is believed that basal ganglia oscillatory activity at β frequencies (15-30 Hz) may contribute to gait impairment, but the precise dynamics of this oscillatory activity during gait remain unclear. Additionally, auditory cues are known to lead to improvements in gait kinematics in PD. If the neurophysiological mechanisms of this cueing effect were better understood they could be leveraged to treat gait impairments using adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation (aDBS) technologies...

Soil-borne diseases represent an impediment to the sustainable development of agriculture. A soil-borne disease caused by Ilyonectria destructans severely impacts Panax species, and soil disinfestation has proven to be an effective management approach. Here, diallyl trisulfide (DATS), derived from garlic, exhibited pronounced inhibitory effects on the growth of I. destructans in vitro tests and contributed to the alleviation of soil-borne diseases in the field. A comprehensive analysis demonstrated that DATS inhibits the growth of I...

Neurons in the inferior olive are thought to anatomically organize the Purkinje cells (P-cells) of the cerebellum into computational modules, but what is computed by each module? Here, we designed a saccade task in marmosets that dissociated sensory events from motor events and then recorded the complex and simple spikes of hundreds of P-cells. We found that when a visual target was presented at a random location, the olive reported the direction of that sensory event to one group of P-cells, but not to a second group...

The present pilot study assessed the effects of multi-session intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in 17 treatment resistant depressed inpatients (TRDs) showing cortisol non-suppression to the overnight dexamethasone suppression test (DST) at baseline (i.e., maximum post-DST cortisol [CORmax ] level > 130 nmol/L). After 20 iTBS sessions, the DST was repeated in all TRDs. At baseline, post-DST CORmax levels were higher in TRDs compared to healthy control subjects (HCs; n = 17) (p < 0...

Residues of veterinary antibiotics are a worldwide problem of increasing concern due to their persistence and diverse negative effects on organisms, including crops, and limited understanding of their phytotoxicity. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the phytotoxic effects of veterinary antibiotics tetracycline (TC) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) applied in a wide range of concentrations on model plant oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Overall phytotoxicity of 1-500 mg kg-1 of TC and CIP was investigated based on morphological, biochemical, and physiological plant response...

Ultrasound is highly biopermeable and can non-invasively penetrate deep into the brain. Stimulation with patterned low-intensity ultrasound can induce sustained inhibition of neural activity in humans and animals, with potential implications for research and therapeutics. Although mechanosensitive channels are involved, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying neuromodulation by ultrasound remain unknown. To investigate the mechanism of action of ultrasound stimulation, we studied the effects of two types of patterned ultrasound on synaptic transmission and neural network activity using whole-cell recordings in primary cultured hippocampal cells...

UNLABELLED: Gonorrhea, caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gc), is characterized by neutrophilic influx to infection sites. Gc has developed mechanisms to resist killing by neutrophils that include modifications to its surface lipooligosaccharide (LOS). One such LOS modification is sialylation: Gc sialylates its terminal LOS sugars with cytidine-5'-monophosphate- N -acetylneuraminic acid, which is scavenged from the host using LOS sialyltransferase (Lst) since Gc cannot make its sialic acid...

In recent years, the fungal disease 'pepper stem rot', contracted from the soil-borne pathogen sclerotium rolfsii, has been increasing year by year, causing significant losses to the pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) industry. To investigate the infection mechanism of stem rot, the fungus S. rolfsii was used to infect the roots of pepper plants, and was found to affect root morphology and reduce root activity, which subsequently inhibited root growth and development. With fungal infestation, its secretions (oxalic acid, PG and PMG enzyme) were able to break normal tissues in the stem base and induced the burst of the active oxygen, which leads to injury aggravation...

INTRODUCTION: Epileptiform activity is the most striking result of hyperexcitation of a group of neurons that can occur in different brain regions and then spread to other sites. Later it was shown that these rhythms have a cellular correlate in vitro called paroxysmal depolarization shift (PDS). In 13-15 DIV neuron-glial cell culture, inhibition of the GABA(A) receptors induces bursts of action potential in the form of clasters PDS and oscillations of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+ ]i )...

The growing use of neuromonitoring in general anesthesia provides detailed insights into the effects of anesthetics on the brain. Our study focuses on the processed EEG indices State Entropy (SE), Response Entropy (RE), and Burst Suppression Ratio (BSR) of the GE EntropyTM Module, which serve as surrogate measures for estimating the level of anesthesia. While retrospectively analyzing SE and RE index values from patient records, we encountered a technical anomaly with a conspicuous distribution of index values...

JET's frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) reflectometers have been operating well with the current design since 2005, and density profiles have been automatically calculated intershot since then. However, the calculated profiles had long suffered from several shortcomings: poor agreement with other diagnostics, sometimes inappropriately moving radially by several centimeters, elevated levels of radial jitter, and persistent wriggles (strong unphysical oscillations). In this research, several techniques are applied to the reflectometry data analysis, and the shortcomings are significantly improved...

BACKGROUND: The bispectral index (BIS) monitor is the most frequently used electroencephalogram (EEG)-based depth of anesthesia (DoA) technology in Norwegian hospitals. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the extent and clinical impact of its use and how anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists use the information provided by the DoA monitors in their clinical practice. METHODS: This cross-sectional survey on the use of DoA monitors in Norway used a web-based questionnaire distributed to anesthesia personnel in all hospitals in Norway...

In nature, plants are constantly colonized by a massive diversity of microbes engaged in mutualistic, pathogenic, or commensal relationships with the host. Molecular patterns present in these microbes activate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), which detects microbes in the apoplast or at the tissue surface. Whether and how PTI distinguishes among soil-borne pathogens, opportunistic pathogens, and commensal microbes within the soil microbiota remains unclear. PTI is a multi-modal series of molecular events initiated by pattern perception, such as Ca2+ influx, reactive oxygen burst, and extensive transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming...

BACKGROUND: Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is a common form of drug-resistant focal epilepsy in adults. Treatment for pharmacoresistant patients remains a challenge, with deep brain stimulation (DBS) showing promise for alleviating intractable seizures. This study explores the efficacy of low-frequency stimulation (LFS) on specific neuronal targets within the entorhinal-hippocampal circuit in a mouse model of MTLE. OBJECTIVE: /Hypothesis: Our previous research demonstrated that LFS of the medial perforant path (MPP) fibers in the sclerotic hippocampus reduced seizures in epileptic mice...

OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have described a significant role for neutrophils in reproductive processes and their participation in the preparation of the cervix for childbirth and the activation of labor, in the postpartum involution of the uterus, and in the occurrence of preeclampsia. This study aimed to assess the formation of free radicals by neutrophils in the blood of women on the first day after childbirth and to characterize the adrenergic effect on this process. METHODS: Venous blood samples from 100 female volunteers aged 26-32 years who had 2 or 3 full-term deliveries were collected and analyzed...

Diabetes mellitus, characterized by impaired insulin signaling, is associated with increased incidence and severity of infections. Various diabetes-related complications contribute to exacerbated bacterial infections, including hyperglycemia, innate immune cell dysfunction, and infection with antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. One defining symptom of diabetes is hyperglycemia, resulting in elevated blood and tissue glucose concentrations. Glucose is the preferred carbon source of several bacterial pathogens, and hyperglycemia escalates bacterial growth and virulence...