Vascular dementia survival

Background The majority of patients survive the acute phase of myocardial infarction (MI) but have an increased risk of recurrent cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. To be regularly physically active or change activity level is associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality. The objective was to explore to what extent physical activity (PA) levels or change in PA levels during the first year post-MI was associated with any recurrent nonfatal CVD events and specific CVD events (eg, MI, ischemic stroke, and vascular dementia)...

IMPORTANCE: There is increasing recognition that vascular disease, which can be treated, is a key contributor to dementia risk. However, the contribution of specific markers of vascular disease is unclear and, as a consequence, optimal prevention strategies remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To disentangle the causal relation of several key vascular traits to dementia risk: (i) white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden, a highly prevalent imaging marker of covert cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD); (ii) clinical stroke; and (iii) blood pressure (BP), the leading risk factor for cSVD and stroke, for which efficient therapies exist...

Neurodegeneration is a condition of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by loss of neural structures and function. The most common neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) include Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), motor neuron disorders, psychological disorders, dementia with vascular dementia (VaD), Lewy body dementia (DLB), epilepsy, cerebral ischemia, mental illness, and behavioral disorders...

INTRODUCTION: Bilateral common carotid artery (CCA) stenosis (BCAS) is a useful model to mimic vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). However, current BCAS models have the disadvantages of high cost and incompatibility with MRI scanning due to metal implantation. We have established a new low-cost VCID model that better mimics human VCID and is compatible with live-animal MRI. METHODS: The right and the left CCAs were temporarily ligated to 32 and 34 gauge needles with three ligations, respectively...

Whole brain irradiation (WBI), a commonly employed therapy for multiple brain metastases and as a prophylactic measure after cerebral metastasis resection, is associated with a progressive decline in neurocognitive function, significantly impacting the quality of life for approximately half of the surviving patients. Recent preclinical investigations have shed light on the multifaceted cerebrovascular injury mechanisms underlying this side effect of WBI. In this study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that WBI induces endothelial senescence, contributing to chronic disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and microvascular rarefaction...

Epidemiological studies have identified an inverse association between cancer and dementia. Underlying methodological biases have been postulated, yet no studies have systematically investigated the potential for each source of bias within a single dataset. We used the UK Biobank to compare estimates for the cancer-dementia association using different analytical specifications designed to sequentially address multiple sources of bias, including competing risk of death, selective survival, confounding bias, and diagnostic bias...

There is increasing evidence for the involvement of blood-brain barrier (BBB) in vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer´s disease (AD) pathogenesis. However, the role of endothelial function-related genes in these disorders remains unclear. We evaluated the association of four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (VEGF, VEGFR2 and NOS3) with diagnosis and rate of cognitive decline in AD and VaD in a Spanish case-control cohort (150 VaD, 147 AD and 150 controls). Participants carrying -604AA genotype in VEGFR2 (rs2071559) were less susceptible to VaD after multiple testing...

BACKGROUND: Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) contributes to 45% of dementia cases worldwide, yet we lack a reliable model for predicting dementia in SVD. Past attempts largely relied on traditional statistical approaches. Here, we investigated whether machine learning (ML) methods improved prediction of incident dementia in SVD from baseline SVD-related features over traditional statistical methods. METHODS: We included three cohorts with varying SVD severity (RUN DMC, n  = 503; SCANS, n  = 121; HARMONISATION, n  = 265)...

INTRODUCTION: Understanding the influence of preexisting cognitive impairment on poststroke outcome is a critical challenge in a context of current aging and growing population. This study aimed to assess long-term survival of patients with acute ischemic stroke (IS) according to their premorbid cognitive status, and to identify contributing factors of death. METHODS: Patients with IS were prospectively identified among residents of Dijon, France using a population-based registry (2013-2017)...

AIMS: Diabetes-related dementia (DRD) is a new dementia subtype associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, first described in 2013. This study investigated data from a local New Zealand memory service to identify patients that met the criteria for DRD. METHODS: Using routinely collected data from 2013-2021, we selected a sample of people with dementia, diabetes, and no CT evidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia, or frontotemporal dementia. We compared their socio-demographic, clinical, and cognitive characteristics with a sample of patients with diabetes and Alzheimer's disease...

Dementia is a permanent illness characterized by mental instability, memory loss, and cognitive decline. Many studies have demonstrated an association between diabetes and cognitive dysfunction that proceeds in three steps, namely, diabetes-associated cognitive decrements, mild cognitive impairment (MCI; both non-amnesic MCI and amnesic MCI), and dementia [both vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD)]. Based on this association, this disease has been designated as type 3 diabetes mellitus. The underlying mechanisms comprise insulin resistance, inflammation, lipid abnormalities, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, glycated end-products and autophagy...

The fructose survival hypothesis proposes that obesity and metabolic disorders may have developed from over-stimulation of an evolutionary-based biologic response (survival switch) that aims to protect animals in advance of crisis. The response is characterized by hunger, thirst, foraging, weight gain, fat accumulation, insulin resistance, systemic inflammation and increased blood pressure. The process is initiated by the ingestion of fructose or by stimulating endogenous fructose production via the polyol pathway...

BACKGROUND: Patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) related to cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) are at increased risk of developing epilepsy and cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and vascular dementia. In a retrospective cohort observation study of patients hospitalized for ICH with CAA versus ICH without CAA, we evaluated the prevalence of neurological comorbidities at admission and the risk of new diagnosis of epilepsy, relevant cognitive disorders, and mortality at 1 year...

Subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD), which is caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, is a common subtype of vascular dementia, accompanied by white matter damage and cognitive impairment. Currently, there are no effective treatments for this condition. Oxidative stress is a key factor in the pathogenesis of white matter damage. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), one of the main active components of astragaloside, has antioxidant properties and promotes cognitive improvement; however, its effect on SIVD and its potential mechanism remain unknown...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Now more than two-thirds of cancer survivors are aged 65 years or older, but evidence about their long-term health is thin. Cancer and its treatments have been linked to accelerated aging, so there is a concern that aging cancer survivors have an increased risk of age-related diseases, including dementia. METHODS: We examined the risk of dementia among 5-year breast cancer survivors using a matched cohort study design. We included breast cancer survivors aged 50 years and older at diagnosis (n = 26,741) and cancer-free comparison participants (n = 249,540)...

INTRODUCTION: Dementia is characterized by significant declines in cognitive, physical, social, and behavioral functioning, and includes multiple subtypes that differ in etiology. There is limited evidence of the influence of psychiatric and substance use history on the risk of dementia subtypes among older underrepresented racial/ethnic minorities in the United States. Our study explored the role of psychiatric and substance use history on the risk of etiology-specific dementias: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD), in the context of a racially and ethnically diverse sample based on national data...

BACKGROUND: Prior studies into the association of head trauma with neuropathology have been limited by incomplete lifetime neurotrauma exposure characterization. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the neuropathological sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in an autopsy sample using three sources of TBI ascertainment, weighting findings to reflect associations in the larger, community-based cohort. METHODS: Self-reported head trauma with loss of consciousness (LOC) exposure was collected in biennial clinic visits from 780 older adults from the Adult Changes in Thought study who later died and donated their brain for research...

BACKGROUND: . In the last decades some studies observed a moderate progressive decrease in short-term mortality in incident hemodialysis patients. The aim of the study is to analyse the mortality trends in patients starting hemodialysis using the Lazio Regional Dialysis and Transplant Registry. METHODS: . Patients who started chronic hemodialysis between 2008 and 2016 were included. Annual 1-year and 3-year Crude Mortality Rate*100 Person Years (CMR*100PY) overall, by gender and age classes were calculated...

OBJECTIVES: Vascular dementia (VD) is one of the more common types of dementia. Much is known about VD in older adults in terms of survival and associated risk factors, but comparatively less is known about VD in a younger population. This study aimed to investigate survival in people with young-onset VD (YO-VD) compared to those with late-onset VD (LO-VD) and to investigate predictors of mortality. DESIGN: Retrospective file review from 1992 to 2014. SETTING: The inpatient unit of a tertiary neuropsychiatry service in Victoria, Australia...

Dementia care is challenging due to the divergent trajectories in disease progression and outcomes. Predictive models are needed to identify patients at risk of near-term mortality. Here, we developed machine learning models predicting survival using a dataset of 45,275 unique participants and 163,782 visit records from the U.S. National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC). Our models achieved an AUC-ROC of over 0.82 utilizing nine parsimonious features for all one-, three-, five-, and ten-year thresholds...