fat embolism

CASE: We present 2 cases of severe hemodynamic collapse during prophylactic stabilization of impending pathologic humerus fractures using a photodynamic bone stabilization device. Both events occurred when the monomer was infused under pressure into a balloon catheter. CONCLUSION: We suspect that an increase in intramedullary pressure during balloon expansion may cause adverse systemic effects similar to fat embolism or bone cement implantation syndrome. Appropriate communication with the anesthesia team, invasive hemodynamic monitoring, and prophylactic vent hole creation may help mitigate or manage these adverse systemic effects...

Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a rare complication of long bone fractures, with fulminant FES developing within 12 h of injury and often proving fatal (Shaikh, 2009 [1]). Here, we present a case of fulminant FES in a patient who developed sudden right heart failure after undergoing external fixation of a lower leg fracture and required veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). A 79-year-old woman injured in a traffic accident was transferred to our emergency department. Upon arrival, her level of consciousness deteriorated, and she developed circulatory failure...

PURPOSE: Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a serious complication after orthopedic trauma. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for FES in isolated lower extremity long bone fractures. METHODS: The National Trauma Data Bank "NTDB" study included patients with isolated femoral and tibial fractures. A total of 344 patients with FES were propensity score matched with 981 patients without FES. Multivariate logistical regression was used to identify independent risk factors for FES...

A series of studies on the interventional diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis(TB)were carried out by domestic and foreign researchers in 2023. The combination of minimally invasive interventional procedures with endoscopes, guidance, material acquisition techniques by multiple ways and multichannel and highly accurate laboratory testing techniques is becoming more and more widely practiced clinically, which has played an important role in the accurate diagnosis of problematic TB. Diagnostic procedures for pulmonary TB, tracheobronchial TB, mediastinal lymphatic TB and extrapulmonary TB included conventional flexible bronchoscopy and specific types of bronchoscopy(ultrathin bronchoscopy and endobronchial ultrasound), transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy, endobronchial ultrasound and virtual bronchoscopic navigation system-guided forceps biopsy, thoracoscopic cryobiopsy of pleura, percutaneous biopsy, and so on...

BACKGROUND: For patients undergoing long-construct fusion surgeries, simultaneous sacroiliac joint (SIJ) fusion is a growing trend in spine surgery. Some options for posterior SIJ fusion include 3D-printed triangular titanium implants or self-harvesting SIJ screws. Both implants require fixation within the sacrum and ileum. Fat embolism syndrome is a rare but known complication of lumbar pedicle instrumentation but has never been reported in association with SIJ fusion, regardless of implant type...

Diagnosing FES is difficult and time-consuming, and identify FES as an etiology of right ventricular volume overload for early diagnosis. Because FES is a reversible condition, even severe cases can bse treated if the patient survives the acute phase.

BACKGROUND: Over the past 4 years, aesthetic surgery, notably liposuction, has substantially increased. Tumescent liposuction, a popular technique, has two variants-true tumescent liposuction (TTL) and semi-tumescent liposuction. While TTL reduces risks, it has limitations. There is no literature reported on semi-tumescent liposuction under deep sedation using the propofol-ketamine protocol, which is proposed as a potentially safe alternative. METHODS: The retrospective analysis covered 8 years and included 3094 patients performed for tumescent liposuction under deep sedation, utilizing the propofol-ketamine protocol...

Pulmonary fat embolism (PFE) is a recognised complication of long bone fractures. The majority of cases represent microscopic embolism and are not detectable at CT pulmonary arteriography (CTPA). CT can be used to detect macroscopic fat based on Hounsfield attenuation. This case describes a case of macroscopic fat embolism to the pulmonary arteries which was confidently diagnosed at CTPA. Distinction from thromboembolism is important as treatment is supportive and may avoid risks of anticoagulation.

BACKGROUND: Blunt trauma acting against the human body presents the fundamental cause of pulmonary fat embolism (PFE) and fat embolism syndrome. The aim of the present study was to investigate PFE in non-survivors after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study conducted in University Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic. Within a 4-year study period, all non-survivors after CPR because of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were assessed for the study eligibility...

OBJECTIVE: To explore characteristics of clinical and imaging findings in patients with fat embolism syndrome. METHODS: From January 2021 to October 2022,clinical manifestations of 13 patients with fat embolism due to fracture or orthopaedic surgery were retrospectively analyzed,including 11 males and 2 females,aged from 17 to 60 years old. Mental and respiratory abnormalities and changes in vital signs occurred after admission or after surgery,and patient's chest and brain imaging results were abnormal...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to explore a radiomics-clinical model for predicting the response to initial superselective arterial embolization (SAE) in renal angiomyolipoma (RAML). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 78 patients with RAML were retrospectively enrolled. Clinical data were recorded and evaluated. Radiomic features were extracted from preoperative contrast-enhanced CT (CECT). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and intra- and inter-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used in feature selection...

Background Standard-of-care abscess management includes image-guided percutaneous drainage and antibiotics; however, cure rates vary, and concern for antibiotic-resistant bacteria is growing. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which uses light-activated dyes to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species, could complement the standard of care by sterilizing the abscess at the time of drainage. Purpose To evaluate safety and feasibility of PDT with methylene blue (hereafter, MB-PDT) at the time of percutaneous abscess drainage...

Cerebral arteriopathy (CA) in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) is classically described as chronic stenosis of arteries in the anterior brain circulation, leading to ischemic stroke. Some studies have however reported strokes in children with SCD but without CA. In order to better understand the etiology and risk factors of these strokes, we retrospectively analyzed ischemic strokes occurring in a large cohort of children over a 13 year-period. Between 2007 and 2020, 25/1500 children with SCD had an ischemic stroke in our center...

BACKGROUND: Acute coronary artery obstruction is a rare but lethal complication of surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR), which may be caused by embolization of resected native tissue such as calcium plaque, thrombus, or perivalvular aortic tissue like fat embolus. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are the main treatment modalities. PCI is less invasive, but it is difficult to determine its feasibility intraoperatively. CASE PRESENTATION: We report an 86-year-old woman who had asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis...

BACKGROUND: Optimisation of the future liver remnant (FLR) is crucial to outcomes of extended liver resections. This study aimed to assess the quality of the FLR before and after dual vein embolization (DVE) by quantitative multiparametric MRI. METHODS: Of 100 patients with liver metastases recruited in a clinical trial (Precision1:NCT04597710), ten consecutive patients with insufficient FLR underwent quantitative multiparametric MRI pre- and post-DVE (right portal and hepatic vein)...

Background: This study reports prescribing patterns and the 1-year effectiveness and safety of edoxaban in an Asian cohort of Edoxaban Treatment in routiNe clinical prActice (ETNA)-Atrial Fibrillation (AF) patients. Methods and Results: The Global ETNA-AF program integrates prospective, observational, noninterventional regional studies, collecting data on characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with AF receiving edoxaban for stroke prevention. Baseline characteristics, medical history, and 1-year clinical event rates were assessed in patients from South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Thailand...

Although retroperitoneal bleeding and massive hematuria are potential complications of angiomyolipoma (AML), the pulmonary embolism as a presenting symptom is extremely rare. It is important to be aware that benign AMLs can present with pulmonary fat embolism.

INTRODUCTION: Floating knee injuries were first described in 1975 by McBryde as concurrent femur and tibial fractures in an ipsilateral limb. They usually occurred in a polytrauma setting and presented with poor functional outcomes with frequent post-operative complications. Management of this injury was based on patient and fracture characteristics and can be done by external fixators, plating, and nailing. CASE REPORT: A 24-year-old female presented with bilateral floating knees...

BACKGROUND: Shaft fractures of the femur are commonly treated with intramedullary nailing, which can release bone marrow emboli into the bloodstream. Emboli can travel to the lungs, impairing gas exchange and causing inflammation. Occasionally, emboli traverse from the pulmonary to the systemic circulation, hindering perfusion and resulting in injuries such as heart and brain infarctions, known as fat embolism syndrome . We studied the extent of systemic bone marrow embolization in a pig model...

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