PEC I Block

Background and Objectives : The increase in the incidence and diagnosis rate of breast cancer demands the optimization of resources. The aim of this study was to assess whether the supplementation of the interpectoral-pectoserratus plane block (PECS II) reduces surgery and post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) time in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery. Materials and methods : This was a retrospective data-analysis study. In 2016, PECS II block was introduced as a supplement to general anesthesia for all mastectomies with or without axillary resections in South Jutland regional hospital, Denmark...

Awake breast surgeries under nerve blocks have been a challenge for anaesthesiologists, and different block combinations have been used for surgery under sedation. Thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) was thought to be sufficient alone for surgical anaesthesia of the breast. We performed a combination of TPVB, pectoralis nerve I block, and serratus anterior plane block for awake breast surgery in an elderly patient with serious comorbidities. Surgical anaesthesia was achieved, excluding skin incision. Any regional anaesthesia technique alone is not sufficient; rather, multiple thoracic wall blocks are needed for surgical anaesthesia of the breast...

BACKGROUND: Pectoral nerve (PECs) blocks are established regional anesthesia techniques that can provide analgesia to the anterior chest wall. Although commonly performed preoperatively by anesthesiologists, the feasibility of electrophysiologist-performed PECs blocks from within cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) pockets at the time of implantation has not been established. The objective of this study is to assess the feasibility of routine PECs blocks performed by the electrophysiologist from within the exposed device pocket at the time of CIED procedures...

Polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) hydrogels, which self-assemble via complexation of oppositely charged block polymers, have recently risen to prominence owing to their unique characteristics such as hierarchical microstructure, tunable bulk properties, and the ability to precisely assimilate charged cargos (i.e., proteins and nucleic acids). Significant foundational research has delineated the structure-property relationship of PEC hydrogels for use in a wide range of applications. In this Perspective, we summarize key findings on the microstructure and bulk properties of PEC hydrogels and discuss how intrinsic and extrinsic factors can be tuned to create specifically tailored PEC hydrogels with desired properties...

Among the various surgical procedures, breast surgeries rank as a frequently conducted procedure. Interfacial blocks such as the Pectoral (PECS) block became possible with the currently available knowledge on innervations and ultrasound. Interfacial blocks target the deep fascial planes, which are potential spaces for injecting local anesthetics. The Pectoral I (PECS I) consists of the injection of local anesthetics in the plane between the pectoralis major and minor muscles. The PECS II block, a modified version of the block, is achieved by adding another, deeper injection in the plane between the pectoralis minor and the serratus anterior muscle...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date description and overview of the rapidly growing literature pertaining to techniques and clinical applications of chest wall and abdominal fascial plane blocks in managing perioperative pain. RECENT FINDINGS: Clinical evidence suggests that regional anesthesia blocks, including fascial plane blocks, such as pectoralis, serratus, erector spinae, transversus abdominis, and quadratus lumborum blocks, are effective in providing analgesia for various surgical procedures and have more desirable side effect profile when compared to traditional neuraxial techniques...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Conducting atomic force microscopy has been performed for a fundamental understanding of the mechanism responsible for the lower power conversion efficiency (PCE) of Cu2 ZnSnS4 (CZTS) solar cells than that of CuIn1- x Ga x Se2 (CIGS) solar cells. The difference in efficiency is partly attributed to the distinctly different band alignment between the grain boundaries (GBs) and grain interior (GI) for the two materials. While CIGS shows type-II band alignment, CZTS was discovered to demonstrate type-I band alignment with the conduction band shifting downward while the valence band shifting upward at the GBs...

The quest for an effective regional anaesthesia technique in breast surgery has always been eluded by its apparent complexity. Various techniques had been described as anaesthetic techniques for breast cancer surgeries. Fascial plane blocks had been used as analgesic techniques for this procedure. We describe a case series of 12 patients who were given a combination of erector spinae plane block (ESP), Pectoralis I (Pecs I) and serratus anterior plane (SAP) block as sole anaesthetic technique with high risk surgical morbidity...

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound-guided pectoralis muscle blocks (PECS I/II) are well established for postoperative pain control after mastectomy with reconstruction. However, optimal timing is unclear. We conducted a randomized controlled single-blinded single-institution trial comparing outcomes of block performed pre-incision versus post-mastectomy. METHOD: Patients with breast cancer undergoing bilateral mastectomy with immediate expander/implant reconstruction were randomized to receive ultrasound-guided PECS I/II either pre-incision (PreM, n = 17) or post-mastectomy and before reconstruction (PostM, n = 17)...

OBJECTIVES: Post-operative pain after a modified radical mastectomy ranges from moderate to severe. Pectoralis (PECS) block has been found to be more effective than erector spinae block in reducing pain and the consumption of rescue analgesia in the post-operative period. This study aimed to compare the effect of erector spinae block and PECS block on the quality of recovery after modified radical mastectomy using the quality of recovery (QoR-40) score. METHODS: This randomised controlled study was conducted at King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India, from 9th October 2020 to 9th October 2021...

INTRODUCTION: Perioperative pain control is an important component of any plastic surgery practice. Due to the incorporation of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) protocols, reported pain level, opioid consumption, and hospital length of stay numbers have decreased significantly. This article provides an up-to-date review of current ERAS protocols in use, reviews individual aspects of ERAS protocols, and discusses future directions for the continual improvement of ERAS protocols and control of postoperative pain...

There is conflicting evidence regarding the analgaesic efficacy of single-shot serratus anterior plane block (SAP) for breast surgery. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the analgaesic efficacy of SAP compared with non-block care (NBC) and other regional blocks, i.e. paravertebral block (PVB) and modified pectoral nerve block (PECS block) for breast surgery. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched. We included randomized controlled trials reporting the use of the SAP block in adult breast surgery...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Many drugs have been tried as adjuvant to local anesthetic in different nerve blocks. Ketorolac is one of them, but it has never been used in pectoral nerve block. In this study, we evaluated its adjuvant effect with local anesthetic on postoperative analgesia in ultrasound (US)-guided pectoral nerve (PECS) blocks. The aim was to assess the quality and the duration of analgesia by the addition of ketorolac in the PECS block. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 46 patients who underwent modified radical mastectomies under general anesthesia were randomized into two groups: control group, where pectoral nerve block was given with bupivacaine 0...

BACKGROUND: Bilateral masculinizing mastectomy is the most common gender-affirmation operation performed. Currently, there is lack of data regarding intraoperative and postoperative pain control for this population. It is the authors' aim to study the effects of the pectoral nerve (Pecs) I and II regional nerve blocks in patients undergoing masculinizing mastectomy. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed. Patients undergoing bilateral gender-affirmation mastectomy were randomized to receive either a Pecs block with ropivacaine or placebo injection...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Cardiac surgery typically causes moderate to severe postoperative pain and discomfort. Inadequate pain management in the early postoperative period leads to pulmonary complications. The length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and the hospital is typically prolonged. As a component of multimodal analgesia regimens, fascial plane blocks have become more popular. In our clinic, serratus anterior plane blocks (SAPB), pectoral nerve blocks (PECS I-II), and pectointercostal nerve fascial plane blocks (PIFB) are performed by ultrasonography...

Breast cancer is the second most common diagnosed type of cancer in women. Chronic neuropathic pain after mastectomy occurs frequently and is a serious health problem. In our previous single-center, prospective, randomized controlled clinical study, we demonstrated that the combination of serratus anterior plane block (SAM) and pectoral nerve block type I (PECS I) with general anesthesia reduced acute postoperative pain. The present report describes a prospective follow-up study of this published study to investigate the development of chronic neuropathic pain 12 months after mastectomy by comparing the use of general anesthesia alone and general anesthesia with SAM + PECS I...

Regional anesthesia between the pectoralis major and minor was first described in 2011 as an alternative method to paravertebral blocks or epidurals for post-operative mastectomies. Since then, the use of pectoral nerve (PECS) blocks for post-operative pain management following thoracotomy, sternotomy, and other procedures in the anterior thorax has increased. While experience with this block is growing, the current understanding of its use in pediatric patients is limited. We reviewed pediatric cases at a single institution and provide a descriptive account of our use of PECS I and II blocks for post-operative pain management following operations involving sternotomy in pediatric patients...

PURPOSE: Investigate the impact of various halogens on pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and micro positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging of Glu-urea-Lys-based prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) inhibitors. PROCEDURES: Based on the modification of SC691, a small molecule inhibitor of PSMA previously developed by our group, we synthesized 68 Ga-labeled compounds by modifying the lysine terminal amino with different halogenated phenyl substituents...

OBJECTIVES: Novel fascial plane blocks may allow early tracheal extubation and discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU). The present study primarily aimed to determine whether fascial plane blocks, in comparison with intravenous analgesia alone, significantly shortened tracheal extubation times in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The secondary objectives were to compare each block's performance with that of intravenous analgesia alone in terms of the individual tracheal extubation time and length of ICU stay...