metabolism salmonella

Enterobacteriaceae produce an arsenal of antimicrobial compounds including microcins, ribosomally produced antimicrobial peptides showing diverse structures and mechanisms of action. Microcins target close relatives of the producing strain to promote its survival. Their narrow spectrum of antibacterial activity makes them a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics, as it should decrease the probability of resistance dissemination and collateral damage to the host's microbiota. To assess the therapeutic potential of microcins, there is a need to understand the mechanisms of resistance to these molecules...

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Paratyphi A are the cause of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in humans, which are systemic life-threatening illnesses. Both serovars are exclusively adapted to the human host, where they can cause life-long persistent infection. A distinct feature of these serovars is the presence of a relatively high number of degraded coding sequences coding for metabolic pathways, most likely a consequence of their adaptation to a single host. As a result of convergent evolution, these serovars shared many of the degraded coding sequences although often affecting different genes in the same metabolic pathway...

Bacteria exhibit a rich repertoire of RNA molecules that intricately regulate gene expression at multiple hierarchical levels, including small RNAs (sRNAs), riboswitches, and antisense RNAs. Notably, the majority of these regulatory RNAs lack or have limited protein-coding capacity but play pivotal roles in orchestrating gene expression by modulating transcription, post-transcription or translation processes. Leveraging and redesigning these regulatory RNA elements have emerged as pivotal strategies in the domains of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology...

AIMS: To assess the efficacy of two commercially available viability dyes, 5-cyano-2,3-di-(p-tolyl)tetrazolium chloride (CTC) and 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA), in reporting on viable cell concentration and species using an all-fibre fluorometer. METHODS AND RESULTS: Four bacterial species (two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative) commonly associated with food poisoning or food spoilage (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus) were stained with CTC or CFDA and the fibre fluorometer was used to collect full fluorescence emission spectra...

Gram-negative bacteria possess an asymmetric outer membrane (OM) primarily composed of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on the outer leaflet and phospholipids on the inner leaflet. The outer membrane functions as an effective permeability barrier to compounds such as antibiotics. Studying LPS biosynthesis is therefore helpful to explore novel strategies for new antibiotic development. Metabolic glycan labeling of the bacterial surface has emerged as a powerful method to investigate LPS biosynthesis. However, the previously reported methods of labeling LPS are based on radioactivity or difficult-to-produce analogs of bacterial sugars...

Biopreservation refers to the use of natural or controlled microbial single strains or consortia, and/or their metabolites such as short-chain carboxylic acids (SCCA), to improve the shelf-life of foods. This study aimed at establishing a novel Lactobacillaceae-driven bioprocess that led to the production of the SCCA propionate through the cross-feeding on 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PD) derived from the deoxyhexoses rhamnose or fucose. When grown as single cultures in Hungate tubes, strains of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus preferred fucose over rhamnose and produced 1,2-PD in addition to lactate, acetate, and formate, while Limosilactobacillus reuteri metabolized 1,2-PD into propionate, propanol and propanal...

Macrophages are at the center of innate immunity and iron metabolism. In the case of an infection, macrophages adapt their cellular iron metabolism to deprive iron from invading bacteria to combat intracellular bacterial proliferation. A concise evaluation of the cellular iron content upon an infection with bacterial pathogens and diverse cellular stimuli is necessary to identify underlying mechanisms concerning iron homeostasis in macrophages. For the characterization of cellular iron levels during infection, we established an in vitro infection model where the murine macrophage cell line J774A...

UNLABELLED: Enteric pathogens such as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium experience spatial and temporal changes to the metabolic landscape throughout infection. Host reactive oxygen and nitrogen species non-enzymatically convert monosaccharides to alpha hydroxy acids, including L-tartrate. Salmonella utilizes L-tartrate early during infection to support fumarate respiration, while L-tartrate utilization ceases at later time points due to the increased availability of exogenous electron acceptors such as tetrathionate, nitrate, and oxygen...

The β3-adrenoceptor is a protein responsible for regulating the body's response to the neurotransmitter adrenaline and the hormone norepinephrine. It is critical in various physiological processes, including metabolism, thermogenesis, and cardiovascular function. Recently, researchers have discovered that the β3-adrenoceptor is also implicated in tumor progression and metastasis. Infections caused by Salmonella can lead to gastroenteritis; however, intriguingly, Salmonella is associated with tumor inhibition...

Mitochondrial dynamics are critical in cellular energy production, metabolism, apoptosis, and immune responses. Pathogenic bacteria have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to manipulate host cells' mitochondrial functions, facilitating their proliferation and dissemination. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ( S . Tm), an intracellular foodborne pathogen, causes diarrhea and exploits host macrophages for survival and replication. However, S . Tm-associated mitochondrial dynamics during macrophage infection remain poorly understood...

The larvae of black soldier fly (BSFL) convert organic waste into insect proteins used as feedstuff for livestock and aquaculture. BSFL production performance is considerably reduced during winter season. Herein, the intraspecific diversity of ten commercial BSF colonies collected in China was evaluated. The Bioforte colony was subjected to selective breeding at 12 °C and 16 °C to develop cold-tolerant BSF with improved production performance. After breeding for nine generations, the weight of larvae, survival rate, and the dry matter conversion rate significantly increased...

UNLABELLED: With a rise in antibiotic resistance and chronic infection, the metabolic response of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to various dietary conditions over time remains an understudied avenue for novel, targeted therapeutics. Elucidating how enteric pathogens respond to dietary variation not only helps us decipher the metabolic strategies leveraged for expansion but also assists in proposing targets for therapeutic interventions. Here, we use a multi-omics approach to identify the metabolic response of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in mice on both a fibrous diet and high-fat diet over time...

Plants may harbor the human pathogen Salmonella enterica . Interactions between S . enterica and different plant species have been studied in individual reports. However, disparities arising from the distinct experimental conditions may render a meaningful comparison very difficult. This study explored interaction patterns between different S . enterica strains including serovars Typhimurium 14028s and LT2 and serovar Senftenberg, and different plants (Arabidopsis, lettuce, and tomato) in one approach. Better persistence of S ...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE: Cananga oil (CO) is derived from the flowers of the traditional medicinal plant, the ylang-ylang tree. As a traditional antidepressant, CO is commonly utilized in the treatment of various mental disorders including depression, anxiety, and autism. It is also recognized as an efficient antibacterial insecticide, and has been traditionally utilized to combat malaria and acute inflammatory responses resulting from bacterial infections both in vitro and in vivo...

BACKGROUND: Upon infection, mucosal tissues activate a brisk inflammatory response to clear the pathogen: i.e., resistance to disease. Resistance to disease is orchestrated by tissue-resident macrophages, which undergo profound metabolic reprogramming after sensing the pathogen. These metabolically activated macrophages release many inflammatory factors, which promote their bactericidal function. However, in immunocompetent individuals, pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella evade this type of immunity, generating communities that thrive for the long term...

The bacterial envelope is an essential compartment involved in metabolism and metabolites transport, virulence and stress defense. Its roles become more evident when homeostasis is challenged during host-pathogen interactions. In particular, the presence of free radical groups and excess copper in the periplasm causes noxious reactions, such as sulfhydryl group oxidation leading to enzymatic inactivation and protein denaturation. In response to this, canonical and accessory oxidoreductase systems are induced, performing quality control of thiol groups, and therefore contributing to restore homeostasis and preserve survival under these conditions...

Intracellular Salmonella experiencing oxidative stress downregulates aerobic respiration. To maintain cellular energetics during periods of oxidative stress, intracellular Salmonella must utilize terminal electron acceptors of lower energetic value than molecular oxygen. We show here that intracellular Salmonella undergoes anaerobic respiration during adaptation to the respiratory burst of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase in macrophages and in mice. Reactive oxygen species generated by phagocytes oxidize methionine, generating methionine sulfoxide...

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a pervasive enteric pathogen and an ongoing global threat to public health. Ecological studies in the Salmonella impacted gut remain underrepresented in the literature, discounting the microbiome mediated interactions that may inform Salmonella physiology during colonization and infection. To understand the microbial ecology of Salmonella remodeling of the gut microbiome, here we performed multi-omics approaches on fecal microbial communities from untreated and Salmonella -infected mice...

The gut microbiome is increasingly being appreciated as a master regulator of animal health. However, avian gut microbiome studies commonly focus on birds of economic importance and the gut microbiomes of raptors remain underexplored. Here we examine the gut microbiota of 29 captive falcons-raptors of historic importance-in the context of avian evolution by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Our results reveal that evolutionary histories and diet are significantly associated with avian gut microbiota in general, whereas diet plays a major role in shaping the falcon gut microbiota...

Despite the significant presence of plant-derived tricarboxylic acids in some environments, few studies detail the bacterial metabolism of trans -aconitic acid (Taa) and tricarballylic acid (Tcb). In a soil bacterium, Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1, we discovered interrelated pathways for the consumption of Taa and Tcb. An intricate regulatory scheme tightly controls the transport and catabolism of both compounds and may reflect that they can be toxic inhibitors of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The genes encoding two similar LysR-type transcriptional regulators, TcuR and TclR, were clustered on the chromosome with tcuA and tcuB , genes required for Tcb consumption...