Cellulase

The synergistic effects of ultrafine grinding and enzymolysis (cellulase and Laccase hydrolysis) alone or combined with carboxymethylation or acetylation on the hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities of oil palm kernel fibre (OPKEF) were studied for the first time. After these synergistic modifications, the microstructure of OPKEF became more porous, and its soluble fibre and total polyphenols contents, and surface area were all improved (P < 0.05). Superfine-grinding and enzymolysis combined with carboxymethylation treated OPKEF exhibited the highest viscosity (13...

Bacterial endophytes from plants harbor diverse metabolites that play major roles in biocontrol and improve plant growth. In this study, a total of 12 endophytic bacteria were isolated from the ginger rhizome. The strain K3 was highly effective in preventing mycelia growth of Pythium myriotylum (78.5 ± 1.5% inhibition) in dual culture. The cell-free extract (2.5%) of endophyte K3 inhibited 76.3 ± 4.8% mycelia growth, and 92.4 ± 4.2% inhibition was observed at a 5% sample concentration...

This study examined the effects of three Bacillus strains and one Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain on nitrogen transformation and microbial communities in pig and chicken manure compost. The findings revealed that the use of compound microbial inoculants increased the compost temperature, accelerated moisture reduction, enhanced cellulase activity, and stimulated the accumulation of NH4 + -N, NO3 - -N, and total nitrogen (TN), resulting in a 9% increase in TN content. The abundance of Firmicutes decreased by 3...

Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) is beneficial for elderly people, but its use is limited in geriatric foods due to the lack of comprehensive information on its preparation strategy and physical property. In this study, the low-ester rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) type pectic polysaccharide-protein complexes with varying physicochemical properties, structural characteristics, proliferative activities on Bacteroides, and immune-enhancing activities on RAW 264.7 cells, were obtained by moderate-temperature acid extraction within adjustment of enzymatic and physical pretreatments...

This study investigates A. mellifera gut microbiota diversity and enzymatic activities, aiming to utilize identified isolates for practical applications in sustainable crop residue management and soil health enhancement. This study sampled honey bees, analyzed gut bacterial diversity via 16S rRNA gene, and screened isolates for cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic, and pectinolytic activities, with subsequent assessment of enzymatic potential. The study reveals that cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic bacterial isolates, mainly from γ-Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes, have significant potential for crop residue management...

Gluconic acid's potential as a wheat straw pretreatment agent was studied at different concentrations (0.125-1 M) and temperatures (160-190 °C) for 30 min, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. 0.125 M gluconic acid, 170 °C, yielded the highest xylose output, while 0.5 M gluconic acid at 190 °C yielded the best glucose yield. A fraction of gluconic acid decomposed during pretreatment. Detoxified hemicellulose hydrolysate from 0.125 M gluconate at 170 °C for 60 min showed promise for ethanol production...

Cellulose-degrading microorganisms hold immense significance in utilizing cellulose resources efficiently. The screening of natural cellulase bacteria and the optimization of fermentation conditions are the hot spots of research. This study meticulously screened cellulose-degrading bacteria from mixed soil samples adopting a multi-step approach, encompassing preliminary culture medium screening, Congo red medium-based re-screening, and quantification of cellulase activity across various strains. Particularly, three robust cellulase-producing strains were identified: A24 (MT740356...

The regulatory action of BXs secreted by wheat on the pathogenicity of FOF causing Fusarium wilt in faba bean were analyzed. DIMBOA and MBOA weakened the pathogenicity of FOF. A large number of pathogenic bacteria in continuous cropping soil infect faba bean plants, leading to the occurrence of wilt disease, which restricts their production. Faba bean-wheat intercropping is often used to alleviate this disease. This study investigates the effect of benzoxazinoids (BXs) secreted by wheat root on the pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum f...

Cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is one of the cellulase auxiliary proteins, which is widely used in the field of biomass degradation. However, how to efficiently and cheaply apply it in industrial production still needs further research. Aspergillus niger C112 is a significant producer of cellulase and has a relatively complete lignocellulose degradation system, but its CDH activity was only 3.92 U. To obtain a recombinant strain of A. niger C112 with high cellulases activity, the CDH from the readily available white-rot fungus Grifola frondose had been heterologously expressed in A...

BACKGROUND: The tunicates form a group of filter-feeding marine animals closely related to vertebrates. They share with them a number of features such as a notochord and a dorsal neural tube in the tadpole larvae of ascidians, one of the three groups that make tunicates. However, a number of typical chordate characters have been lost in different branches of tunicates, a diverse and fast-evolving phylum. Consequently, the tunic, a sort of exoskeleton made of extracellular material including cellulose secreted by the epidermis, is the unifying character defining the tunicate phylum...

Coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB, Oryctes rhinoceros) is an invasive palm pest whose larvae eat wood, yet lack the necessary digestive enzymes. This study confirmed endogenous CRB cellulase is inactive, suggesting microbial fermentation. The inner lining of the CRB hindgut has tree-like structures covered with a conspicuous biofilm. To identify possible symbionts, 16 S rRNA amplicon sequencing was used on individuals from across Taiwan. Several taxa of Clostridia, an anaerobic class including many cellulolytic bacteria, were highly abundant in most individuals from all locations...

The residue remaining after oil extraction from grape seed contain abundant procyanidins. An ultrasonic-assisted enzyme method was performed to achieve a high extraction efficiency of procyanidins when the optimal extraction conditions were 8 U/g of cellulase, ultrasound power of 200 W, ultrasonic temperature of 50 ℃, and ultrasonic reaction time of 40 min. The effects of free procyanidins on both radical scavenging activity and thermal stability at 40, 60, and 80 ℃ of the procyanidins-loaded liposomal systems prepared by the ultrasonic-assisted method were discussed...

During scaling of fermentations, choosing a bioreactor is fundamental to ensure the product's quality. This study aims to produce bioherbicides using Trichoderma koningiopsis fermentation, evaluating process parameters in an Airlift bioreactor. As a response, we quantified the production of enzymes involved in the bioherbicide activity (amylase, cellulase, laccase, lipase, and peroxidase). In addition, it evaluated the agronomic efficiency of the fermented extract optimized through tests that promoted soybean growth and nodulation, soybean seed germination, and in vitro phytopathogen control...

Cellulose degrading bacterial diversity of Bhitarkanika mangrove ecosystem, India, was uncovered and the cellulose degradation mechanism in Bacillus haynesii DS7010 under the modifiers such as pH (pCO2 ), salinity and lead (Pb) was elucidated in the present study. The abundance of cellulose degrading heterotrophic bacteria was found to be higher in mangrove sediment than in water. The most potential strain, B. haynesii DS7010 showed the presence of endoglucanase, exoglucanase and β-glucosidase with the maximum degradation recorded at 48 h of incubation, with 1% substrate concentration at 41 °C incubation temperature...

INTRODUCTION: Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is a solid waste in agricultural production that contains abundant lignocellulosic fibers. The indiscriminate disposal of SMS will lead to significant resource waste and pollution of the surrounding environment.The isolation and screening of microorganisms with high cellulase degradation capacity is the key to improving SMS utilization. METHODS: The cellulose-degrading microbial consortiums were constructed through antagonism and enzyme activity test...

BACKGROUND: Presently, there exists a growing interest in mitigating the utilization of antibiotics in response to the challenges emanating from their usage in livestock. A viable alternative strategy encompasses the introduction of live microorganisms recognized as probiotics, exerting advantageous impacts on the immune system and nutritional aspects of the host animals. Native lactic acid bacteria, inherently possessing specific properties and adaptive capabilities tailored to each animal, are deemed optimal contenders for probiotic advancement...

Protein methylation is a commonly posttranslational modification of transcriptional regulators to fine-tune protein function, however, whether this regulation strategy participates in the regulation of lignocellulase synthesis and secretion in Trichoderma reesei remains unexplored. Here, a putative protein methyltransferase (TrSAM) is screened from a T. reesei mutant with the ability to express heterologous β-glucosidase efficiently even under glucose repression. The deletion of its encoding gene trsam causes a significant increase of cellulase activities in all tested T...

This study was to investigate the effects of cellulase and xylanase on fermentation characteristics, nutrient composition and the bacterial community of the mixed silage of king grass and rice straw. Lab-scale bag silage was produced and seven groups were studied: blank control (CK); added 1%, 2% cellulase (CE1, CE2); added 1%, 2% xylanase (XY1, XY2); and added 0.5% cellulase +0.5% xylanase, 1% cellulase +1% xylanase (CX1, CX2). The results showed that the application of additives in six treated groups exerted a positive effect on lactic acid (LA) content and their pH values decreased significantly ( p < 0...

The present study employed Hunan local Tuqu for fermentation and investigated the physicochemical properties, microbial community composition, and volatile flavor compounds of the fermented grains, as well as the correlation between the physicochemical indicators and the microbial community. The findings reveal that the activities of α-amylase and glucoamylase were highest during the initial stages of the fermentation process. The acid protease activity increased to 30.6 U/g on the second day and then decreased...

Ulva polysaccharides present several physiological activities including antiviral, antitumor and anti-plasmodial effects. However, current processing usually results in low yields and high prices, thus lacking commercialization potential. The aim of this study was to develop an efficient method for the extraction of Ulva polysaccharides with high biological activity. The effect of cell wall-degrading enzymes including cellulase, hemicellulase, pectinase and protease on Ulva polysaccharide extraction was studied by statistical mixing design...