Anti microbials

Intestinal eosinophils express the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), an environmental sensor and ligand-activated transcription factor that responds to dietary or environmental ligands. AHR regulates tissue adaptation, survival, adhesion, and immune functions in intestinal eosinophils. The AHR repressor (AHRR) is itself induced by AHR and believed to limit AHR activity in a negative feedback loop. We analysed gene expression in intestinal eosinophils from WT and AHRR-KO mice and found that AHRR did not suppress most AHR-dependent genes...

The complexity of chronic wounds creates difficulty in effective treatments, leading to prolonged care and significant morbidity. Additionally, these wounds are incredibly prone to bacterial biofilm development, further complicating treatment. The current standard treatment of colonized superficial wounds, debridement with intermittent systemic antibiotics, can lead to systemic side-effects and often fails to directly target the bacterial biofilm. Furthermore, standard of care dressings do not directly provide adequate antimicrobial properties...

Management of virological failure in heavily treatment-experienced people with multidrug-resistant (MDR) HIV infection is a serious clinical challenge. New drugs with novel mechanisms of action have recently been approved, and their use has improved the outcome of subjects with limited treatment options (LTO). In this setting, the choice of antiretroviral therapy (ART) should be tailored based on the pattern of resistance, treatment history and patients' individual characteristics. While genotypic resistance testing is the reference method for analysing residual drug susceptibility, phenotypic resistance testing can provide additional support when facing LTO...

We evaluated the performance of a new rapid phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility test (ASTar; Q-linea AB) on Gram-negative bacilli, directly from positive blood cultures bottles. MIC values obtained by the routine reference method (Microscan, Beckman Coulter) were compared to the ones provided by the tested method (ASTar). ASTar demonstrated an overall essential agreement of 98% and a category agreement of 96.1%. The overall rate of major errors and very major errors was 2.5% and 3.3%, respectively. ASTar can represent a rapid, simple, and reliable method to speed up information about antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-negative pathogens from positive blood culture bottles...

Nowadays, it is very important to produce new-generation drugs with antimicrobial properties that will target biofilm-induced infections. The first target for combating these microorganisms, which are the source itself. Antimicrobial peptides, which are more effective than antibiotics due to their ability to kill microorganisms and use a different metabolic pathway, are among the new options today. The aim of this study is to develop new-generation antibiotics that inhibit both biofilm-producing bacteria and the biofilm itself...

Despite mounting attention in recent years, health threats posed by antimicrobial resistance are not new. Antimicrobial resistance has dogged infectious disease treatment processes since the first modern antimicrobials were discovered.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a looming pandemic whose poor health outcomes are unlikely to be equitably distributed. This article focuses on intersections between AMR and inequities in health care workplaces in the United States and identifies the following as key problems: lack of published data on task-specific occupational health risks related to colonization and infection with antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, limited scientific literature reporting on race and ethnicity, and poor access to infection control educational opportunities for minoritized health care workers...

Patients living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) shoulder the greatest burden of infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. Speedy access to appropriate broad-spectrum antimicrobials significantly improves health outcomes and reduces transmission of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, but persons living in LMICs have compromised access to these antimicrobials. This article considers how inequities in microbiology diagnostics, antimicrobial access, and antimicrobial affordability influence outcomes for patients infected with antimicrobial-resistant pathogens who live in resource-limited settings...

The human gut microbiota fosters the development of a dynamic group of microorganisms impacted by diverse variables that include genetics, diet, infection, stress, ingested drugs, such as antibiotics and small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) as well as the gut microbiota itself. These factors may influence the change in microbial composition, which results in dysbiosis (microbial imbalance) and exposes the gut to pathogenic insults. Dysbiosis is incidental to the etiology of inflammatory diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and obesity...

BackgroundThe pet industry is expanding worldwide, particularly raw meat-based diets (RMBDs). There are concerns regarding the safety of RMBDs, especially their potential to spread clinically relevant antibiotic-resistant bacteria or zoonotic pathogens.AimWe aimed to investigate whether dog food, including RMBD, commercially available in Portugal can be a source of Salmonella and/or other Enterobacteriaceae strains resistant to last-line antibiotics such as colistin.MethodsFifty-five samples from 25 brands (21 international ones) of various dog food types from 12 suppliers were screened by standard cultural methods between September 2019 and January 2020...

The majority of patients with Parkinson disease (PD) experience a loss in their sense of smell and accumulate insoluble α-synuclein aggregates in their olfactory bulbs (OB). Subjects affected by a SARS-CoV-2-linked illness (COVID-19) also frequently experience hyposmia. We previously postulated that microglial activation as well as α-synuclein and tau misprocessing can occur during host responses following microbial encounters. Using semiquantitative measurements of immunohistochemical signals, we examined OB and olfactory tract specimens collected serially at autopsies between 2020 and 2023...

BACKGROUND: Dioscorea bulbifera Linn. has been used for wound care in Thailand. However, a comprehensive evaluation of its antibacterial activity is required. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of D. bulbifera extract against skin-associated bacteria and isolate and characterize its active antibacterial agent, flavanthrinin. METHODS: Air-dried bulbils of D. bulbifera were pulverised and extracted with hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, and distilled water; vacuum filtered; concentrated; freeze-dried; and stored at -20 ºC...

The Apiaceae family contains many species used as food, spice and medicinal purposes. Different parts of plants including seeds could be used to obtain essential (EO) oils from members of the Apiaceae family. In the present study, EOs were components obtained through hydrodistillation from the seeds of anise (Pimpinella anisum), carrot (Daucus carota), celery (Apium graveolens), dill (Anethum graveolens), coriander (Coriandrum sativum), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), and cumin (Cuminum cyminum). EO constituents were determined with Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Gas Chromatography/Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) and their antioxidant capacities were determined with the cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) methods...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed at revealing the underlying mechanisms of the loss and gain of ceftazidime-avibactam susceptibility in a non-carbapenemase-producing hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp). METHODS: Here we longitudinally recovered 3 non-carbapenemase-producing K1-ST23 hvKp strains at a one-month interval (KP29105, KP29499 and KP30086) from an elderly male. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, whole genome sequencing, transcriptomic sequencing, gene cloning, plasmid conjugation, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) were conducted...

Incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) remained relatively stable over the last decade and the adjusted risks for it and mortality are similar across different continents and regions. Also, the mortality of septic-AKI can reach 70% in critically-ill patients. These sole facts can give rise to a question: is there something we do not understand yet? Currently, there are no specific therapies for septic AKI and the treatment aims only to maintain the mean arterial pressure over 65mmHg by ensuring a good fluid resuscitation and by using vasopressors, along with antibiotics...

The genus Bistorta comprises about 43 accepted species that are widely used by local people and medicinal practitioners for the treatment of rheumatism, tuberculosis, inflammation, respiratory infection, and other diseases. The objective of this review is to present up-to-date information from the scientific literature about the phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of Bistorta. At present, there is a lack of a comprehensive review that consolidates the various scientific studies conducted on the genus Bistorta...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

With the escalating global antimicrobial resistance crisis, there is an urgent need for innovative strategies against drug-resistant microbes. Accumulating evidence indicates microbial extracellular vesicles (EVs) contribute to antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, comprehensively elucidating the roles and mechanisms of microbial EVs in conferring resistance could provide new perspectives and avenues for novel antimicrobial approaches. In this review, we systematically examine current research on antimicrobial resistance involving bacterial, fungal, and parasitic EVs, delineating the mechanisms whereby microbial EVs promote resistance...

The widespread dissemination of bacterial resistance has led to great attention being paid to finding substitutes for traditionally used antibiotics. Plants are rich in various phytochemicals that could be used as antibacterial therapies. Here, we elucidate the phytochemical profile of Euphorbia canariensis ethanol extract (EMEE) and then elucidate the antibacterial potential of ECEE against Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. ECEE showed minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 128 to 512 µg/mL...