Imaeda avlin

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BACKGROUND: Preclinical simulator training has the potential to decrease endoscopic procedure time and patient discomfort. This study aims to characterize the learning curve of endoscopic novices in a part-task simulator and propose a threshold score for advancement to initial clinical cases. METHODS: Twenty novices with no prior endoscopic experience underwent repeated endoscopic simulator sessions using the part-task simulator. Simulator scores were collected; their inverse was averaged and fit to an exponential curve...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Bowel preparation is defined as adequate if it is sufficient for identification of polyps greater than 5 mm. However, adequate preparation has not been quantified. We performed a prospective observational study to provide an objective definition of adequate preparation, based on the Boston Bowel Prep Scale (BBPS, which consists of 0-3 points for each of 3 colon segments). METHODS: We collected data from 438 men who underwent screening or surveillance colonoscopies and then repeat colonoscopy examinations within 60 days by a different blinded endoscopist (1161 colon segments total) at the West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center from January 2014 to February 2015...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: The Gastroenterology Core Curriculum and American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy provide guidelines for endoscopic training. Program adherence to these recommendations is unclear. This study aims to assess endoscopic training experience during fellowship. METHODS: DESIGN: Questionnaire study. SETTING: The questionnaire was circulated to US fellowship programs, with the assistance of the American Gastroenterological Association...

Fibrosis is a common feature of chronic liver injury and is initiated by cell death inside the liver. Hepatocyte death results in apoptotic bodies and other cellular debris, which are phagocytosed by hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), resulting in their activation, proliferation, differentiation, and matrix deposition. This profibrotic effect of cellular death is balanced by an antifibrotic effect of HSC death. Many HSC survival signals are obtained from the extracellular matrix, and active proapoptotic signals are provided by immune cells, particularly natural killer (NK) cells...

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening can be administered through tests with varied characteristics and is a preference-sensitive decision. OBJECTIVE: To assess patient experiences with a Maximum Differences Scaling (MDS) tool for eliciting values about CRC screening test characteristics and determine whether patients vary in how they prioritize test characteristics and whether this variation relates to test preferences. DESIGN: MDS survey to elicit patients' values for characteristics related to fecal occult blood testing, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, CT colonography and colon capsule endoscopy...

Hepatocyte death results in a sterile inflammatory response that amplifies the initial insult and increases overall tissue injury. One important example of this type of injury is acetaminophen-induced liver injury, in which the initial toxic injury is followed by innate immune activation. Using mice deficient in Tlr9 and the inflammasome components Nalp3 (NACHT, LRR, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3), ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD), and caspase-1, we have identified a nonredundant role for Tlr9 and the Nalp3 inflammasome in acetaminophen-induced liver injury...

UNLABELLED: Endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) and nonselective beta-blockers (hereafter just called beta-blockers) are both effective for primary prophylaxis for variceal hemorrhage; however, the route of administration and side effects of these treatments are distinct. The objective of this study was to examine predicted preferences of patients and physicians for the primary prevention of variceal hemorrhage. Untreated patients with newly diagnosed esophageal varices and practicing gastroenterologists were enrolled in this study...