keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38462196/the-effects-of-heavy-metal-exposure-on-brain-and-gut-microbiota-a-systematic-review-of-animal-studies
#21
REVIEW
Simona Porru, Ana Esplugues, Sabrina Llop, Juana MarĂ­a Delgado-Saborit
The gut-brain axis is a crucial interface between the central nervous system and the gut microbiota. Recent evidence shows that exposure to environmental contaminants, such as heavy metals, can cause dysbiosis in gut microbiota, which may affect the gut-brain communication, impacting aspects of brain function and behavior. This systematic review of the literature aims to evaluate whether deleterious effects on brain function due to heavy metal exposure could be mediated by changes in the gut microbiota profile...
March 8, 2024: Environmental Pollution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38461459/rumination-in-dementia-and-its-relationship-with-depression-anxiety-and-attentional-biases
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anne-Marie Greenaway, Faustina Hwang, Slawomir Nasuto, Aileen K Ho
Rumination (self-referential and repetitive thinking), attentional biases (AB), and impaired cognitive control are theorized as being integral factors in depression and anxiety. Yet, research examining the relationship between rumination, mood, and AB for populations with reduced cognitive control, e.g., people living with dementia (PwD), is lacking. To explore whether literature-based relationships are demonstrated in dementia, PwD ( n  = 64) and healthy controls (HC) ( n  = 75) completed an online self-report survey measuring rumination and mood (twice), and a telephone cognitive status interview (once)...
March 10, 2024: Neuropsychology, Development, and Cognition. Section B, Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38461450/slowness-in-writing-numbers-in-words-and-in-digits-among-children-with-a-specific-learning-disorder-sld-and-typically-developing-td
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Francesca De Vita, Cesare Cornoldi, Anna Maria Re
INSTRUCTION: Children with a Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) write linguistic material more slowly than children with typically developing (TD). However, it is not known whether the same difficulties are present when they write numbers. The goal of the present study was to fill this gap and to compare TD's and SLD's speed in writing numbers both in words and in digits. METHODS: Therefore, we examined the ability to write numbers in words and digits (numerals) in a sample of sixth- to eighth-grade children diagnosed with SLD...
March 10, 2024: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38461431/time-spent-imagining-does-not-influence-younger-and-older-adults-episodic-simulation-of-helping-behavior
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A Dawn Ryan, Karen L Campbell
Shared cognitive processes underlie our ability to remember the past (i.e., episodic memory) and imagine the future (i.e., episodic simulation) and age-related declines in episodic memory are also noted when simulating future scenarios. Given older adults' reduced cognitive control and protracted memory retrieval time, we examined whether imposing time limits on episodic simulation of future helping scenarios affects younger and older adults' willingness to help, phenomenological experience, and the type of details produced...
March 10, 2024: Neuropsychology, Development, and Cognition. Section B, Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38460971/isolated-anterior-cerebral-artery-occlusion-an-atypical-form-of-moyamoya-disease
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Si-Meng Liu, Gan Gao, Fang-Bin Hao, Shi-Tong Liu, Ri-Miao Yang, Hou-di Zhang, Min-Jie Wang, Zheng-Xing Zou, Dan Yu, Qian Zhang, Qing-Bao Guo, Xiao-Peng Wang, He-Guan Fu, Jing-Jie Li, Cong Han, Lian Duan
BACKGROUND: The relationship between anterior cerebral artery (ACA) occlusion and moyamoya disease (MMD) has rarely been studied. In this study, we focused on a special type of MMD: isolated ACA-occlusive MMD. We investigated clinical attributes, genotypes and progression risk factors in patients with ACA-occlusive MMD, providing initial insights into the relationship between ACA occlusion and MMD. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed digital subtraction angiography (DSA) from 2486 patients and diagnosed 139 patients with ACA-occlusive MMD...
March 9, 2024: Stroke and Vascular Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38458027/cognitive-trajectories-after-surgery-guideline-hints-for-assessment-and-treatment
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Serena Oliveri, Tommaso Bocci, Natale Vincenzo Maiorana, Matteo Guidetti, Andrea Cimino, Chiara Rosci, Giorgio Ghilardi, Alberto Priori
Elderly patients who undergo major surgery (not-neurosurgical) under general anaesthesia frequently complain about cognitive difficulties, especially during the first weeks after surgical "trauma". Although recovery usually occurs within a month, about one out of four patients develops full-blown postoperative Neurocognitive disorders (NCD) which compromise quality of life or daily autonomy. Mild/Major NCD affect approximately 10% of patients from three months to one year after major surgery. Neuroinflammation has emerged to have a critical role in the postoperative NCDs pathogenesis, through microglial activation and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines which increase blood-brain-barrier permeability, enhance movement of leukocytes into the central nervous system (CNS) and favour the neuronal damage...
March 7, 2024: Brain and Cognition
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38458017/a-network-approach-to-subjective-cognitive-decline-exploring-multivariate-relationships-in-neuropsychological-test-performance-across-alzheimer-s-disease-risk-states
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicholas Grunden, Natalie A Phillips
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is characterized by subjective concerns of cognitive change despite test performance within normal range. Although those with SCD are at higher risk for developing further cognitive decline, we still lack methods using objective cognitive measures that reliably distinguish SCD from cognitively normal aging at the group level. Network analysis may help to address this by modeling cognitive performance as a web of intertwined cognitive abilities, providing insight into the multivariate associations determining cognitive status...
February 21, 2024: Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38456749/pendah-program-for-parents-with-children-with-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-french-adaptation-of-a-behavioral-parent-training-group-pilot-study
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jerome Marquet-Doleac, Maelle Biotteau, Marie Tardy, Marion Broquere, Emmanuelle Marizy, Nathalie Faure-Marie, Noemie Lafin, Sebastien Dejean, Yves Chaix
Behavioral parent training (BPT) is recognized as an effective part of the care offered to children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of this pilot study was to objectively examine the effect that this intervention may have on motor activity, in addition to the measures classically found in this type of study. Parents of 24 school-aged children (6-12 year) with ADHD who met eligibility criteria were enrolled in the study. Before, after and five months after the intervention, we used three-dimensional accelerometers over one-week periods to measure the children's motor activity, and questionnaires for parental stress, quality of life, ADHD symptoms, anxiety and sensory disorders...
March 8, 2024: Child Neuropsychology: a Journal on Normal and Abnormal Development in Childhood and Adolescence
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38456160/the-memory-assessment-scale-a-population-based-cognitive-impairment-screening-instrument
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
William T Tsushima, Justin R Abe, Andrea M Siu
This study re-examined the Memory Assessment Scale (MAS), a brief memory test developed in Hawai'i in 1987, to assess whether it remains a valid and reliable cognitive impairment screening tool in Hawai'i. Patients suspected of having neurocognitive dysfunction were divided into 2 groups (those with and without mild cognitive impairment) based on their results on a battery of neuropsychological tests. No differences in MAS scores were found between patients with and without mild cognitive impairment. Further research with the MAS comparing patients with mild cognitive disorder to healthy controls is indicated to further examine the efficacy of this population-based test...
March 2024: Hawai'i journal of health & social welfare
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38454444/association-between-brain-amyloid-deposition-and-longitudinal-changes-of-white-matter-hyperintensities
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Woo-Jin Cha, Dahyun Yi, Hyejin Ahn, Min Soo Byun, Yoon Young Chang, Jung-Min Choi, Kyungtae Kim, Hyeji Choi, Gijung Jung, Koung Mi Kang, Chul-Ho Sohn, Yun-Sang Lee, Yu Kyeong Kim, Dong Young Lee
BACKGROUND: Growing evidence suggests that not only cerebrovascular disease but also Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathological process itself cause cerebral white matter degeneration, resulting in white matter hyperintensities (WMHs). Some preclinical evidence also indicates that white matter degeneration may precede or affect the development of AD pathology. This study aimed to clarify the direction of influence between in vivo AD pathologies, particularly beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau deposition, and WMHs through longitudinal approach...
March 7, 2024: Alzheimer's Research & Therapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38453891/a-survey-of-the-perceptions-and-practices-of-faculty-in-clinical-neuropsychology-doctoral-training-programs-is-heterogeneity-the-norm
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matthew Calamia, Rebecca E Ready, Eleni A Kapoulea, Abby Farrell, Ashlyn Runk, Michelle A Babicz-Boston, Steven Paul Woods, Paul T Cirino
Objective: Doctoral education is a cornerstone in the training of clinical neuropsychologists. However, we know little about perceptions, practices, and needs of the faculty who oversee doctoral training in clinical neuropsychology (CN). Method: Seventy-one faculty from 45 doctoral programs providing CN training completed at least part of a survey assessing characteristics of their programs, current training practices and views, and challenges to CN doctoral training. Results: Over half of CN faculty reported having zero or only one CN colleague...
March 7, 2024: Clinical Neuropsychologist
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38452935/predicting-the-reversion-from-mild-cognitive-impairment-to-normal-cognition-based-on-magnetic-resonance-imaging-clinical-and-neuropsychological-examinations
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hai-Hong Yu, Chen-Chen Tan, Shu-Juan Huang, Xin-Hao Zhang, Lan Tan, Wei Xu
BACKGROUND: Reversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to normal cognition (NC) is not uncommon and indicates a better cognitive trajectory. This study aims to identify predictors of MCI reversion and develop a predicting model. METHOD: A total of 391 MCI subjects (mean age = 74.3 years, female = 61 %) who had baseline data of magnetic resonance imaging, clinical, and neuropsychological measurements were followed for two years. Multivariate logistic analyses were used to identify the predictors of MCI reversion after adjusting for age and sex...
March 5, 2024: Journal of Affective Disorders
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38452517/neuropsychological-rehabilitation-for-epilepsy-in-india-looking-beyond-the-basics
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shivani Sharma, Ashima Nehra, Shivam Pandey, Madhavi Tripathi, Achal Srivastava, M V Padma, Ajay Garg, R M Pandey, Sarat Chandra, Manjari Tripathi
BACKGROUND: Neuropsychological Rehabilitation (NR) helps manage cognitive deficits in epilepsy. As internationally developed programs have limited applicability to resource-limited countries, we developed a program to bridge this gap. This 6-week caregiver-assisted, culturally suitable program has components of (1) psychoeducation, (2) compensatory training, and, (3) cognitive retraining and is called EMPOWER (Indigenized Home Based Attention and Memory Rehabilitation Program for Adult Patients with Drug Refractory Epilepsy)...
March 6, 2024: Epilepsy & Behavior: E&B
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38452103/autistic-traits-as-a-mediator-between-visual-working-memory-capacity-and-enhanced-performance-in-visual-perceptual-tasks-in-children-with-asd
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Suad Mohammed Omar Abuzaid
The present study aimed to identify autistic traits as a mediator between visual working memory capacity and enhanced performance in visual-perceptual tasks in children with ASD. One hundred-forty children, ages 4-6 years, participated in this study (mean age = 5.34 ± 4.11, 98 males). They were recruited from Taiba Specialized Centers for the Care of People with Special Needs in Saudi Arabia. A correlational design was used to identify the mediating role of autistic traits in the relationship between visual working memory capacity and enhanced performance in visual-perceptual tasks in children with ASD...
March 7, 2024: Applied Neuropsychology. Child
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38448303/corrigendum-to-normalization-of-eeg-activity-among-previously-institutionalized-children-placed-into-foster-care-a-12-year-follow-up-of-the-bucharest-early-intervention-project-dev-cognit-neurosci-17-2016-68-75
#35
Ross E Vanderwert, Charles H Zeanah, Nathan A Fox, Charles A Nelson
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 5, 2024: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38447471/unraveling-individual-differences-in-learning-potential-a-dynamic-framework-for-the-case-of-reading-development
#36
REVIEW
Milene Bonte, Silvia Brem
Children show an enormous capacity to learn during development, but with large individual differences in the time course and trajectory of learning and the achieved skill level. Recent progress in developmental sciences has shown the contribution of a multitude of factors including genetic variation, brain plasticity, socio-cultural context and learning experiences to individual development. These factors interact in a complex manner, producing children's idiosyncratic and heterogeneous learning paths. Despite an increasing recognition of these intricate dynamics, current research on the development of culturally acquired skills such as reading still has a typical focus on snapshots of children's performance at discrete points in time...
March 2, 2024: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38447470/excitatory-and-inhibitory-neurochemical-markers-of-anxiety-in-young-females
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicola Johnstone, Kathrin Cohen Kadosh
Between the ages of 10-25 years the maturing brain is sensitive to a multitude of changes, including neurochemical variations in metabolites. Of the different metabolites, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has long been linked neurobiologically to anxiety symptomology, which begins to manifest in adolescence. To prevent persistent anxiety difficulties into adulthood, we need to understand the maturational trajectories of neurochemicals and how these relate to anxiety levels during this sensitive period. We used magnetic resonance spectroscopy in a sample of younger (aged 10-11) and older (aged 18-25) females to estimate GABA and glutamate levels in brain regions linked to emotion regulation processing, as well as a conceptually distinct control region...
March 2, 2024: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38447469/threat-experiences-moderate-the-link-between-hippocampus-volume-and-depression-symptoms-prospectively-in-adolescence
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Max P Herzberg, Meriah L DeJoseph, Joan Luby, Deanna M Barch
Identifying neuroimaging risk markers for depression has been an elusive goal in psychopathology research. Despite this, smaller hippocampal volume has emerged as a potential risk marker for depression, with recent research suggesting this association is moderated by family income. The current pre-registered study aimed to replicate and extend these findings by examining the moderating role of family income and three dimensions of environmental experience on the link between hippocampus volume and later depression...
February 13, 2024: Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38447131/long-term-neuropsychological-outcomes-of-a-pediatric-etantr-brain-tumor-a-case-study
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tina Thomas, Julie A Grieco, Margaret Pulsifer
Survivors of pediatric brain tumors are at high risk for long-term neuropsychological difficulties. In the current case study, we present longitudinal neuropsychological data spanning 10 years (from age 9 to 19 years) of a patient with a rare, very large, bifrontal, embryonal tumor with abundant neuropil and true rosettes (ETANTR), which is typically associated with poor survivorship and significant neurological impact. Results demonstrated that the patient had largely intact cognitive functioning with specific difficulties in executive functioning, fine motor skills, and adaptive functioning at her most recent neuropsychology 10-year follow-up...
March 6, 2024: Applied Neuropsychology. Child
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38445641/age-differences-in-spatial-memory-are-mitigated-during-naturalistic-navigation
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paul F Hill, Skyelynn Bermudez, Andrew S McAvan, Joshua D Garren, Matthew D Grilli, Carol A Barnes, Arne D Ekstrom
Spatial navigation deficits are often observed among older adults on tasks that require navigating virtual reality (VR) environments on a computer screen. We investigated whether these age differences are attenuated when tested in more naturalistic and ambulatory virtual environments. In Experiment 1, young and older adults navigated a variant of the Morris Water Maze task in each of two VR conditions: a desktop VR condition which required using a mouse and keyboard to navigate, and an ambulatory VR condition which permitted unrestricted locomotion...
March 6, 2024: Neuropsychology, Development, and Cognition. Section B, Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition
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