Metabolics syndrome pediatrics

INTRODUCTION: Obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) indicators have increased globally among the pediatric population. MetS indicators in the young elevate their risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders later in life. This study examined early onset obesity as a risk factor for MetS risk in adolescence. METHODS: A cohort of Chilean participants (N = 673) followed from infancy was assessed at age 5 years and in adolescence (mean age, 16.8 y). Adiposity was measured at both time points; blood pressure and fasting blood samples were assessed in adolescence only...

PURPOSE: Leptin and adiponectin have opposite effects on subclinical inflammation and insulin resistance, both involved in the development of metabolic syndrome (MS). We aimed to investigate whether leptin/adiponectin ratio (L/A), as a marker of these two adipokines imbalance, may improve diagnosis of MS in children and adolescents, and determined its cut-off value in the diagnosis of MS. METHODS: A total of 3,428 subjects aged 6-18 years were selected from Beijing Child and Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome study...

BACKGROUND: The increasing rate of obesity and overweight among children has highlighted nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as the most common cause of chronic pediatric liver diseases. There are many publications supporting the idea that gut microbiota is altered in NAFLD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of NAFLD among overweight and obese children with and without small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) compared to a control group and to assess if intestinal dysbiosis represents a risk factor for NAFLD...

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in pediatric obesity. METHODS: 50 obese children (age 5-17y) and 50 apparently healthy non-obese children (body mass index of over 95th percentile and between 5th to 95th percentiles, respectively) using Centre for Disease Control growth charts were included. Fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, uric acid, fibrinogen, lipoprotein (a), homocysteine, malondialdehyde, ferric reducing ability of plasma and nitric oxide were measured...

BACKGROUND: Pediatric acute-liver-failure due to acetaminophen (APAP) administration at therapeutic dosage is rare, while viral infections and metabolic defects are the prevalent causes. Yet, as acetaminophen is routinely used in febrile illnesses, it may be mistakenly held responsible for the acute liver damage. CASE PRESENTATION: An 11 month old boy had been on acetaminophen for 10 days (total dose 720 mg = 72 mg/kg) when he developed acute-liver-failure with encephalopathy...

INTRODUCTION: Childhood obesity is associated with cardiovascular abnormalities but little is known on the potential correlation between early cardiovascular and metabolic alterations. AIM: Aims of this study were 1) to evaluate early cardiovascular abnormalities in a large population of obese children and adolescents compared with a normal weight counterpart, 2) to investigate their potential association with insulin resistance (IR), serum uric acid (sUA) and metabolic syndrome (MetS)...

OBJECTIVE: The predictive potentials of neck and wrist circumferences for cardiometabolic risks in children and adolescents remain to be determined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of neck and wrist circumferences with some cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. METHODS: This multicenter study was conducted during the 2014 to 2015 school year with 4200 children and adolescents ages 7 to 18 y. The children were selected by multistage cluster sampling from 30 provinces of Iran...

History A 6-day-old female neonate presented to the outpatient pediatric surgery clinic for evaluation of a possible prenatal abdominal mass. The neonate was delivered at term via cesarean section due to macrosomia, with a reported birth weight of 11 lb 8.7 oz (5.23 kg). The patient's postnatal course was remarkable for resolving neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. A physical examination was remarkable for a palpable mass in the abdomen. Maternal risk factors included class II obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome...

This review reports main progresses in various pediatric issues published in Italian Journal of Pediatrics and in international journals in 2016. New insights in clinical features or complications of several disorders may be useful for our better understanding. They comprise severe asthma, changing features of lupus erythematosus from birth to adolescence, celiac disease, functional gastrointestinal disorders, Moebius syndrome, recurrent pneumonia. Risk factors for congenital heart defects, Kawasaki disease have been widely investigated...

Hypercalcemia is defined as a serum calcium concentration that is greater than 2 standard deviations above the normal mean, which in children may vary with age and sex, reflecting changes in the normal physiology at each developmental stage. Hypercalcemic disorders in children may present with hypotonia, poor feeding, vomiting, constipation, abdominal pain, lethargy, polyuria, dehydration, failure to thrive and seizures. In severe cases renal failure, pancreatitis and reduced consciousness may also occur and older children and adolescents may present with psychiatric symptoms...

OBJECTIVE: Coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 5 (CHCHD5), a mitochondrial protein, is involved in the oxidative folding process in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. A previous study identified a hypertension-related single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs3748024, in CHCHD5 in adults, but there are no reports regarding the association between CHCHD5 and obesity, which is a known risk factor for hypertension. The aim of the present study is to investigate the associations of the SNP rs3748024 with hypertension and obesity...

BACKGROUND: The DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) clinical trials and other studies have demonstrated a relationship between diet and cardiovascular outcomes in adults, yet little is known of this relationship in children. Childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States, with similar increases in hypertension among this population. The purpose of our study was to examine the association between dairy intake and blood pressure (BP) in a cohort of children and adolescents (aged 4-17 years) enrolled in a weight management program...

In the last two decades, second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) were more frequently used than typical antipsychotics for treating both psychotic and nonpsychotic psychiatric disorders in both children and adolescents, because of their lower risk of adverse neurological effects, that is, extrapyramidal symptoms. Recent studies have pointed out their effect on weight gain and increased visceral adiposity as they induce metabolic syndrome. Patients receiving SGAs often need to be treated with other substances to counteract metabolic side effects...

Importance: Copy number variation (CNV) is an important cause of neuropsychiatric disorders. Little is known about the role of CNV in adults with epilepsy and intellectual disability. Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of pathogenic CNVs and identify possible candidate CNVs and genes in patients with epilepsy and intellectual disability. Design, Setting, and Participants: In this cross-sectional study, genome-wide microarray was used to evaluate a cohort of 143 adults with unexplained childhood-onset epilepsy and intellectual disability who were recruited from the Toronto Western Hospital epilepsy outpatient clinic from January 1, 2012, through December 31, 2014...

BACKGROUND: Continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRTs) either as continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) or hemodiafiltration (CVVHD) are used frequently in critically ill children. Many clinical variables and technical issues are known to affect the result. The factors that could be modified to increase the survival of renal replacement are sought. As a contribution, we present the data on 104 patients who underwent CRRT within a 7-year period. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A total of 104 patients admitted between 2009 and 2016 were included in the study...

OBJECTIVES: To examine whether the septic profiles of heat shock protein 72, heat shock protein 90α, resistin, adiponectin, oxygen consumption, CO2 production, energy expenditure, and metabolic pattern, along with illness severity, nutritional, and inflammatory indices, differ between adult and pediatric patients compared with systemic inflammatory response syndrome and healthy controls. To evaluate whether these biomolecules may discriminate sepsis from systemic inflammatory response syndrome in adult and pediatric patients...

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening syndrome characterized by a dysregulated hyperinflammatory response associated with aberrant activation of lymphocytes and macrophages that results in hypercytokinemia. It is classically divided into two types: (1) primary or familial HLH and (2) secondary HLH. Familial HLH is generally an autosomal recessive condition, whereas secondary HLH is usually associated with infectious diseases, autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases (where it is more commonly known as macrophage activation syndrome), malignancy, immunosuppression, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, organ transplantation, HIV infection, and metabolic diseases...

Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is an autosomal recessive congenital malformation syndrome caused by mutations in the 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase gene. This inborn error of cholesterol synthesis leads to elevated concentrations of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC). 7-DHC also serves as the precursor for vitamin D synthesis. Limited data is available on vitamin D levels in individuals with SLOS. Due to elevated concentrations of 7-DHC, we hypothesized that vitamin D status would be abnormal and possibly reach toxic levels in patients with SLOS...

BACKGROUND: Oral steroid treatment is the first line of therapy for childhood nephrotic syndrome (NS). However, resistance to this treatment has been observed in some patients. Here, we investigated the association of two steroid metabolism-related genes with susceptibility to childhood NS and the steroid response. METHODS: We genotyped the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of MDR-1 [C1236T (rs1128503), G2677T/A (rs2032582), and C3435T (rs1045642)] and the CYP3A5 gene (A6986G) in 63 NS patients and 110 age and gender matched controls by PCR-RFLP...

BACKGROUND: To determine the factors associated with an increased risk for severe steatosis (SS) and establish the Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) as a screening tool. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in obese children to assess the relationship between the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and glucose metabolism alterations (GMA) and the risk for severe steatosis. RESULTS: A total of 94 children (51 males) aged from six to 14 years were included...