HPIV 2

Reaction of the polypyridyl ligand 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)- s -triazine (tpt) with mono- and polynuclear Fe(iii) or Mn(ii) precursors, specifically tri- or hexanuclear Fe(iii) pivalates (piv- ), [Mn6 O2 (piv)10 (Hpiv)4 ] and Mn(ii) isobutyrate (ib- ), in various solvents and under various reaction conditions showcase the ligand's surprising coordination characteristics. The reactions result in mononuclear [FeIII (tpt)(tptH)][FeIII Cl4 ]4 ·2(thf)·0.23(H2 O) (1), [FeIII (piv)(tpt)Cl2 ] (2), [FeII (tpt)Cl2 ]·2(H2 O) (3a), dinuclear [FeIII 2 O(tpt)2 Cl4 ] (3), and heptanuclear [FeIII 7 O4 (piv)12 (tpt-O)]·A [A = MeCN (4a) or 4(dioxane) (4b)] and [FeIII 7 O4 (piv)11 (tpt-O)(i-PrO)(i-PrOH)]·0...

Epidemiological data of specific respiratory pathogens from the pre-COVID-19 period are essential to determine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on other respiratory infections. In this study, we revealed the pre-COVID-19 molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) among children in Bangladesh. We tested 3170 samples collected from 2008 to 2012 for a panel of respiratory viruses; RSV, human metapneumovirus (hMPV), human parainfluenza viruses (hPIV) 1, 2, 3, and adenovirus. Five hundred fifty-five samples (17...

The New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) is a prospective, active, population-based surveillance platform that enrolls children with acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs) at seven pediatric medical centers. ARIs are caused by respiratory viruses including influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs), and most recently SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19), which result in morbidity among infants and young children (1-6). NVSN estimates the incidence of pathogen-specific pediatric ARIs and collects clinical data (e...

To determine the epidemiology of human parainfluenza virus in homeless shelters during the COVID-19 pandemic, we analyzed data and sequences from respiratory specimens collected in 2 shelters in Washington, USA, during 2019-2021. Two clusters in children were genetically similar by shelter of origin. Shelter-specific interventions are needed to reduce these infections.

Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are ( -)ssRNA viruses belonging to Paramyoviridaie family. They are one of the leading causes of mortality in infants and young children and can cause ailments like croup, bronchitis, and pneumonia. Currently, no antiviral medications or vaccines are available to effectively treat parainfluenza. This necessitates the search for a novel and effective treatment. Computer-aided drug design (CADD) methodology can be utilized to discover target-based inhibitors with high accuracy in less time...

Chiral sulfonamides with aromatic fragments are important chemical building blocks found widely in many natural products, catalysts, and molecules of biological importance. In this report, we describe the efficient synthesis of a series of chiral sulfonamides which, in addition to the aromatic part (phenyl, biphenyl, and dansyl units), possess N-heterocyclic systems. The described compounds were obtained by nucleophilic substitution of chiral N-heterocyclic amines and commercially available aromatic sulfonyl chlorides under mild conditions...

BACKGROUND: The development of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test promoted the evaluation of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) type 4, which has been rarely studied using conventional diagnostic methods. This study aimed to determine the seasonal epidemiological and clinical characteristics of all four HPIV serotypes (HPIV-1, HPIV-2, HPIV-3, and HPIV-4) during the era of PCR testing. METHODS: The medical records of hospitalized pediatric patients diagnosed with HPIV infections by a multiplex PCR test between 2015 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed to determine the seasonal distributions of each HPIV serotype...

Objective: To understand the common viral infection among the surveillance cases of fever respiratory syndrome (FRS) in nine provinces in China. Methods: The research data were obtained from nine provinces (Anhui, Beijing, Guangdong, Hebei, Hunan, Jilin, Shandong, Shaanxi and Xinjiang) in the "Infectious Disease Surveillance Technology Platform Information Management System" of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January 2009 to June 2021. Finally, 8 243 FRS cases with nucleic acid detection results of eight viruses [human influenza virus (HIFV), human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), human adenovirus (HAdV), human parainfluenza virus (HPIV), human rhinovirus (HRV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human coronavirus (HCoV) and human Boca virus (HBoV)] were included in the study...

Background: Human respiratory syncytial viruses (HRSV), human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV), and human adenoviruses (HAdVs) cause a substantial morbidity burden globally. Objective: We sought to estimate morbidity burden, assess seasonality, and determine factors associated with these respiratory viruses in Kenya. Methods: The data were obtained from Kenyan sites included in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification system. We defined the proportion of morbidity burden by descriptive analysis and visualized time-series data for January 2007-December 2013...

Human Parainfluenza Virus (HPIV) Type-1, which is an anti-sense ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus belonging to the paramyxoviridae family, induces upper and lower respiratory tract infections. The infections caused by the HPIV Type-1 virus are usually confined to northwestern regions of America. HPIV-1 causes infections through the virulence of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein, which plays a key role in the attachment of the viral particle with the host's receptor cells. To the best of our knowledge, there is no effective antiviral drugs or vaccines being developed to combat the infection caused by HPIV-1...

Introduction In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, state and local governments implemented mitigation strategies, including lockdowns, thereby averting the typical fall/winter 2020 bronchiolitis season and reducing the incidence of respiratory viruses, such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Florida implemented a strict lockdown from April 1, 2020, to April 30, 2020. The removal of lockdown precautions on September 25, 2020, was followed by an atypical out-of-season surge of bronchiolitis in April 2021...

The cyanidocobaltate of formula fac -PPh4[CoIII(Me2Tp)(CN) 3 ]·CH 3CN ( 1 ) has been used as a metalloligand to prepare polynuclear magnetic complexes ( Me2 Tp=hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)borate). The association of 1 with in situ prepared [Fe II (bik) 2 (MeCN) 2 ](OTf) 2 (bik=bis(1-methylimidazol-2-yl)ketone) leads to a molecular square of formula {[CoIII{(Me2Tp)(CN)3]2[FeII(bik)2]2}(OTf)2·4MeCN·2H2O ( 2 ), whereas the self-assembly of 1 with preformed cluster [CoII2(OH2)(piv)4(Hpiv)4] in MeCN leads the two-dimensional network of formula {[CoII2(piv)3]2[CoIII(Me2Tp)(CN)3]2·2CH3CN} ∞ (3)...

BACKGROUND: Human Parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) comprise of four members of the genetically distinct genera of Respirovirus (HPIV1&3) and Orthorubulavirus (HPIV2&4), causing significant upper and lower respiratory tract infections worldwide, particularly in children. However, despite frequent molecular diagnosis, they are frequently considered collectively or with HPIV4 overlooked entirely. We therefore investigated clinical and viral epidemiological distinctions of the relatively less prevalent Orthorubulaviruses HPIV2&4 at a regional UK hospital across four autumn/winter epidemic seasons...

INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Laryngotracheitis (croup) is a rare manifestation of COVID-19 in adults. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 52-year-old female presented to the emergency department (ED) with shortness of breath and inspiratory stridor. CLINICAL FINDINGS AND INVESTIGATIONS: Physical examination of the head and neck revealed a congested posterior pharyngeal wall...

Glycoconjugates are present in various organisms, ranging from animals to viruses. Glycoconjugates are involved in several biologically significant functions, including viral infection and neurotransmission. However, the role of glycoconjugates in virus replication and neural function remains unknown. We discovered that the influenza A virus (IAV) binds to sulfatide, which lacks a sialic acid residue, and that delivering sulfatide combined with newly synthesized IAV hemagglutinin (HA) to the target plasma membrane induces the translocation of viral ribonucleoprotein complexes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm...

Porcine parainfluenza virus 1 (PPIV-1) is a recently emerged respirovirus closely related to human parainfluenza virus 1 (HPIV-1) and Sendai virus (SenV). PPIV-1 has been detected in Asia, the Americas and Europe, but knowledge on its epidemiology and genetic diversity is very limited. In the present study, the complete nucleotide sequences of the fusion (F)-protein gene obtained from samples from 12 Polish and 11 US herds were analysed and compared to previously available genetic data from the Americas, Asia and Europe...

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is the most common infectious disease in all ages and genders worldwide. Respiratory microorganisms such as respiratory viruses, are commonly responsible for causing ARI. COVID-19 is still prevalent in Korea. The implementation of lockdown and strict control measures, the mandatory wearing of masks, and social distancing are critical steps for controlling the risk of COVID-19 spread. This study was conducted to find out how these changes in daily lives impacted the distribution of respiratory microorganisms...

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) has emerged as a frequent cause of acute respiratory infections (ARI) among young children. The prevalence and genetic diversity of hMPV circulating in Chennai, Southern India, has not been studied yet. Hence, this study was aimed to investigate the prevalence, co-infection with other respiratory viruses like HRSV A and B, influenza A and B, hRV and HPIV 1-4 viruses, socio-demographic associations, and genotypes of hMPV among children in Chennai. A total of 350 nasal swab specimens were collected from children with ARI during April 2016 to August 2018 and tested for hMPV by real time PCR method...

Viral infections represent a serious threat to the world population and are becoming more frequent. The search and identification of broad-spectrum antiviral molecules is necessary to ensure new therapeutic options, since there is a limited availability of effective antiviral drugs able to eradicate viral infections, and consequently due to the increase of strains that are resistant to the most used drugs. Recently, several studies on antimicrobial peptides identified them as promising antiviral agents. In detail, amphibian skin secretions serve as a rich source of natural antimicrobial peptides...

The frequencies of 19 respiratory pathogens other than SARS-CoV-2 were assessed in 6,"?>235 Brazilian individuals tested for COVID-19. Overall, only 83 individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 had codetection of other pathogens. Individuals infected with Rhinovirus/Enterovirus, Human Coronavirus (HCoV)-HKU1, HCoV-NL63, HPIV-4, Influenza A (-H1N1 and other subtypes), Influenza B, Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Metapneumovirus were less likely to test positive for SARS-CoV-2. Infection with Streptococcys pyogenes, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Bordetella pertussis were more frequent in individuals who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2, but without significancy...