thyroid carcinoma

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

CONTEXT: The relationship between genomic profile and prognosis of advanced thyroid carcinoma requiring drug therapy has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the treatment period and overall survival time for each genetic alteration in advanced thyroid carcinoma that requires drug therapy. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational study using a national database in Japan, which included 552 cases of thyroid carcinoma out of 53,543 patients in the database...

Dyslipidemia is one of the most common disorders worldwide, which, if left untreated, results in a multitude of complications. Thus proper diagnostics, which includes identifying of secondary causes of dyslipidemia is crucial. Endocrine disorders are an important cause of secondary dyslipidemia. This paper aims to review the publications on lipoprotein alterations in endocrine disorders from the past two years and provide an overview of the recent discoveries in this dynamically developing and large field. Significant changes in lipoprotein serum concentrations are present in most endocrinological diseases and can be modified with proper treatment...

In clinical practice, PD-L1 detection is prone to nonspecific staining due to the complex cellular composition of pleural effusion smears. In this study, DAB and AEC immunohistochemistry (IHC) double staining was performed to investigate PD-L1 expression in tumor cells from malignant pleural effusion (MPE). MPE was considered as a metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, thus, the heterogeneity between metastatic and primary lung cancer was revealed as well. Ninety paired specimens of MPE cell blocks (CBs) and matched primary lung cancer tissues from NSCLC patients were subjected to PD-L1 and TTF-1/p63 IHC double staining...

INTRODUCTION: The definition of thyroid goiter remains ambiguous, yet size may impact both malignancy rate and surgical complications' rate. METHODS: All patients with thyroid goiter who underwent thyroidectomy between 1/2015-1/2023 were included. Goiter was defined as lobe ≥4 cm. For analysis purpose, goiters measuring 4-8 cm and ≥8 cm were defined as large and extremely large goiters, respectively. For malignancy definition, tumor<1 cm in their largest diameter were excluded from study...

Adrenal cysts lined by thyroid follicular epithelium are rare, with only 14 reported cases of "ectopic thyroid tissue" to date. While the primary consideration for differential diagnosis is thyroid carcinoma metastasis, exclusion of metastases is determined based on the absence of a primary thyroid lesion, serological euthyroidism, lack of thyroglobulin elevation, and absence of epithelial atypia. Herein, we report 2 cases of adrenal cysts lined by thyroid follicular epithelium. Case 1 was a 60-year-old woman with a right adrenal cyst...

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most frequent form of thyroid cancer. PTC commonly presents with mutations of the serine/threonine kinase BRAF (BRAFV600E ), which drive ERK1/2 pathway activation to support growth and suppress apoptosis. PTC patients often undergo surgical resection; however, since the average age of PTC patients is under 50, adverse effects associated with prolonged maintenance therapy following total thyroidectomy are a concern. The development of mutant-selective BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi), like vemurafenib, has been efficacious in patients with metastatic melanoma, but the response rate is low for mutant BRAF PTC patients...

BACKGROUND:  Skull metastases from follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) are infrequent but clinically significant, often presenting with localized pain, neurologic deficits, and cranial nerve dysfunction. Early detection and accurate diagnosis pose challenges due to their asymptomatic nature in some cases. METHODS:  A systematic literature review, conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, identified and analyzed 15 relevant studies focusing on large skull metastases in FTC...

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is characterized by T cell infiltration and frequently by the presence of anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAbs). The role of cellular immunity and of TbAbs in this context is a matter of debate. The aim of our study was to correlate the presence of TgAbs, tumor epitope-specific T cells and the clinical outcome of PTC patients. We studied n=183 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of PTC which were treated with total thyroidectomy plus 131 I ablation. During a follow-up of in mean 97 months, most of the PTC patients had no signs of tumor relapse (n=157 patients)...

Highlighting genomically driven targeted therapies to improve outcomes in advanced thyroid carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Deoxyribonuclease 1 (DNASE1) is an important gene associated with several cancers, including liver, bladder, and gastric cancer. It has been linked to autoimmune illnesses, including systemic lupus erythematosus, which may lead to cancer formation. However, the role of DNASE1 in cancer has not been studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a pan-cancer analysis using bioinformatics tools, including Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), and University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer Data Analysis Portal (UALCAN) databases, Kaplan-Meier plotter, and cBioPortal, to investigate the expression of DNASE1 across various cancers as well as its association with immune infiltration and genetic alterations...

BACKGROUND: This study explores the association between growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) rs145204276, nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) rs512715, and Maternally Expressed 3 (MEG3) rs4081134 polymorphisms and their impact on susceptibility to papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), considering differential expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in PTC. METHODS: A case-control study involving 125 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients and 125 controls was conducted...

INTRODUCTION: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), a rare malignancy, requires early diagnosis for optimal patient outcomes. An important aspect of MTC diagnosis is the assessment of serum biomarkers. This review aimed to evaluate the use of serum biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis, and follow-up of MTC. METHODS: A thorough search of PubMed covering 1975 to 2022 was conducted to identify English-language articles on MTC serum biomarkers. RESULTS: The review revealed that calcitonin (Ctn) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) remain the most important serum biomarkers for MTC diagnosis and management...

KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE: Struma ovarii (SO), is a rare and specialized ovarian teratoma. The treatment is controversial depending on the risk of recurrence and metastasis. Here a SO with papillary thyroid carcinoma is reported and the approach is thoroughly discussed. ABSTRACT: Struma ovarii (SO) is a highly specialized ovarian teratoma primarily composed of thyroid tissue. Clinical features associated with SO include lower abdominal discomfort, unusual vaginal bleeding, ascites, and hyperthyroidism...

BACKGROUND: Sub-centrimetric papillary thyroid carcinomas usually have a good prognosis with a cancer specific survival of > 99%, however in up to 65% of patients, lymph node metastases can be observed. Molecular alterations in BRAF, TERT and TP53 are associated with worse clinicopathological outcome in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-two cases of papillary thyroid carcinomas measuring ≤ 1 cm with synchronous lymph node metastases were examined regarding morphological patterns and immunohistochemical status of p53, Ki-67, and BRAF V600E status...

BACKGROUND: Postoperative hypoparathyroidism caused by parathyroid injury is a problem faced by thyroid surgeons. The current technologies for parathyroid imaging all have some defects. METHODS: Patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) who underwent unilateral thyroidectomy plus ipsilateral central lymph node dissection were recruited. We dissected the main trunk of the superior thyroid artery entering the thyroid gland and placed the venous indwelling tube into the artery...

BACKGROUND: Many types of cancer have been found to be associated with being overweight or obese. Literature has demonstrated a reduction in cancer risk in patients who have undergone bariatric surgery. OBJECTIVES: To compare the incidence and types of new cancer diagnoses, cumulative cancer incidence, cancer risk, and overall survival in patients with obesity who underwent bariatric surgery with that of those who did not. SETTING: Community-based academic medical center...

80% of renal carcinomas (RC) are diagnosed incidentally by imaging. 2-4% of "sporadic" multifocality and 5-8% of hereditary syndromes are accepted, probably with underestimation. Multifocality, young age, familiar history, syndromic data, and certain histologies lead to suspicion of hereditary syndrome. Each tumor must be studied individually, with a multidisciplinary evaluation of the patient. Nephron-sparing therapeutic strategies and a radioprotective diagnostic approach are recommended. Relevant data for the radiologist in major RC hereditary syndromes are presented: von-Hippel-Lindau, Chromosome-3 translocation, BRCA-associated protein-1 mutation, RC associated with succinate dehydrogenase deficiency, PTEN, hereditary papillary RC, Papillary thyroid cancer- Papillary RC, Hereditary leiomyomatosis and RC, Birt-Hogg-Dubé, Tuberous sclerosis complex, Lynch, Xp11...

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) with marked cystic formation (CPTC) is not a subtype of PTC, and its clinical characteristics have not been fully investigated. This study aimed to clarify the clinical and pathological characteristics of CPTC and propose important indicators for its clinical management. 33 CPTC nodules with cystic areas occupying >50% of their volume were examined. Two matched controls (AC) were prepared, one with tumor diameter matched for whole tumor diameter (WTD) of CPTCs (WTD-MC) and the other with tumor diameter matched for solid area diameter (SAD) of CPTCs...

SUMMARY: Struma ovarii is an ovarian teratoma that comprises 2-5% of all ovarian teratomas. Malignant transformation of struma ovarii occurs in less than 5% of all cases, and metastatic disease is even rarer. We report two cases initially diagnosed with benign struma ovarii that presented malignant transformation, specifically highly differentiated follicular carcinoma of the ovary (HDFCO), some years after the first diagnosis. Case 1 concerns a 37-year-old female featuring HDFCO of the right ovary with multiple metastatic foci, who was diagnosed with benign struma ovarii 14 years ago...