Vitamin D keratinocytes

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease with an established genetic background. The HLA-Cw*06 allele and different polymorphisms in genes involved in inflammatory responses and keratinocyte proliferation have been associated with the development of the disease. Despite the effectiveness and safety of psoriasis treatment, a significant percentage of patients still do not achieve adequate disease control. Pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic studies on how genetic variations affect drug efficacy and toxicity could provide important clues in this respect...

The vitamin D receptor with its ligand 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25D3 ) regulates epidermal stem cell fate, such that VDR removal from Krt14 expressing keratinocytes delays re-epithelialization of epidermis after wound injury in mice. In this study we deleted Vdr from Lrig1 expressing stem cells in the isthmus of the hair follicle then used lineage tracing to evaluate the impact on re-epithelialization following injury. We showed that Vdr deletion from these cells prevents their migration to and regeneration of the interfollicular epidermis without impairing their ability to repopulate the sebaceous gland...

UNLABELLED: Objective Ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation is an important factor in causing skin damage. The study is to explore whether 1,25-Dihydroxvitamin D3(1,25(OH)2 D3 ) will attenuate the damage of human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells caused by UVB and relevant underlying mechanisms. METHODS: CCK-8 was employed to determine the UVB irradiation intensity and 1,25(OH)2 D3 concentration. Western blot was used to detect the expression of NF-κB, Caspase9, Caspase3, Bax, Bcl2, FADD, CytC, Beclin-1; Flowcytometry was applied to measure the production of ROS...

Keratin 80 (KRT80) is a filament protein that participates in cell differentiation and the integrity of the epithelial barrier. Here, KRT80 expression was higher in gastric cancer compared with normal mucosa at both mRNA and protein levels by bioinformatic analysis, qRT-PCR and Western blot (p<0.05), however, the methylation of KRT80 was lower than in normal mucosa (p<0.05). There was a negative relationship between promoter methylation and expression level of KRT80 gene in gastric cancer (p<0.05)...

p63 and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) play important roles in epidermal development and differentiation, but their roles and relationship in the response to ultraviolet (UV) radiation are less clear. Using TERT-immortalized human keratinocytes expressing shRNA targeting p63 in concert with exogenously applied siRNA targeting VDR, we assessed p63 and VDR's separate and combined effect on nucleotide excision repair (NER) of UV-induced 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PP). Knockdown of p63 reduced VDR and XPC expression relative to nontargeting controls, while knockdown of VDR had no effect on p63 and XPC protein expression, though alone it modestly reduced XPC mRNA...

This assessment by the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) of the Montreal Protocol under the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) evaluates the effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on human health within the context of the Montreal Protocol and its Amendments. We assess work published since our last comprehensive assessment in 2018. Over the last four years gains have been made in knowledge of the links between sun exposure and health outcomes, mechanisms, and estimates of disease burden, including economic impacts...

BACKGROUND: Immunosuppressed organ-transplant recipients have an increased incidence of, and mortality from, skin cancer. Nicotinamide (vitamin B3 ) enhances the repair of ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced DNA damage, reduces the cutaneous immunosuppressive effects of UV radiation, and reduces the incidence of keratinocyte cancers (including squamous-cell and basal-cell carcinomas) and actinic keratoses among high-risk immunocompetent patients. Whether oral nicotinamide is useful for skin-cancer chemoprevention in organ-transplant recipients is unclear...

Terminally differentiated keratinocytes are critical for epidermal function and surrounded by involucrin (IVL). Increased IVL expression is associated with a near selective sweep in European populations compared to African. This positive selection for increased IVL in the epidermis identifies human adaptation out-of-Africa. The functional significance is unclear. We hypothesize Ivl to modulate the environmentally sensitive Vitamin D receptor (Vdr) in the epidermis. We investigated Vdr activity in Ivl -/- and wild-type (WT) mice using vitamin D agonist (MC903) treatment and comprehensively determined the inflammatory response using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and associated skin microbiome changes using 16S bacterial phylotyping...

Chronic arsenic exposure from drinking water causes a variety of diseases and it is now recognized that at least 140 million people in 50 countries have been drinking water containing arsenic at levels above the WHO provisional guideline value of 10 μg/L. Long-term exposure to arsenic is associated with various types of cancers in humans including skin cancers. However, there is limited information on key molecules regulating arsenic-promoted carcinogenesis, and methods for the prevention and therapy of arsenic-promoted carcinogenesis have not yet been fully developed...

OBJECTIVE: Vitamin D and Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) inhibition are involved in the protection of keratinocytes. The effects of combination of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 and TLR-4 inhibitor on the protection of keratinocytes against ultraviolet radiation B (UVB) irradiation remain unclear. This study was undertaken to explore the effects of combination of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 and TAK-242 (TLR-4 inhibitor) on the damage to HaCaT cells caused by UVB irradiation. METHODS: In vitro , HaCaT cells were treated with 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 or/and TAK-242 prior to UVB irradiation at the intensity of 20 mJ/cm 2 , then the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell migration, apoptosis of cells, and the expression of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis related proteins were determined...

Systemic treatment with hedgehog inhibitors (HHis) is available to treat basal cell carcinomas but their utility is limited by adverse effects. Topical delivery methods may reduce adverse effects, but successful topical treatment depends on sufficient skin uptake, biological response, and time in tumor tissue. The aim of this review was to evaluate the current status of topical HHi delivery for BCCs and discuss barriers for translating systemic HHis into topical treatments. A literature search identified 16 preclinical studies and 7 clinical trials on the topical delivery of 12 HHis that have been clinically tested on BCCs...

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic mucocutaneous condition that affects up to 2% of the general population, and typically presents with long-standing, non-responsive lesions, with episodes of exacerbation and remissions. The etiopathogenesis of OLP is still unclear, although, it has been postulated that it is most likely a T-cell-mediated condition of an unknown antigen. The treatment remains a challenge with no defined treatment strategy. Vitamin D has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, along with its regulatory effect on keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation; thus, suggesting its possible role in the treatment of OLP...

BACKGROUND: Immune-related cutaneous diseases are a series of disorders, such as alopecia areata, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus and autoimmune bullous dermatoses. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin, which is known for its classical pleiotropic effect. Recent studies have found that vitamin D, after catalyzed into its biologically active form [1,25[OH] 2D], correlated with its receptor, vitamin D receptor, plays a vital role in multiple pathophysiological processes, including immune-related dermatoses...

Psoriasis is a continuing, periodic, immune‑mediated, fiery skin disease branded by hyper proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes and accompanying with inflammatory cellular infiltrate in both dermis and epidermis. Immunomodulation could be an important effect of vitamin D in Psoriasis. This case-control study was designed to measure serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in patients with psoriasis and healthy controls and to find out clinical correlation, if any. Six hundred two (n = 602) subjects (285 cases and 317 controls) were taken for the study...

Vitamin D (VD) serum levels, and keratinocytic basal expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) before treatment of actinic keratoses (AK) have been previously reported as possible biomarkers of the response of AK to treatments. We intended to evaluate the association between these and other serum and immunohistochemical parameters with the response of AK to treatment with topical ingenol mebutate (IM). Twenty-five patients with AK on the head were treated with topical IM 0.015% gel once daily for 3 days. Biopsies were taken at baseline and 6 weeks after treatment...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Vitamin D receptor (VDR), activated upon binding of 1,25(OH)2 D3 , was described as a tumor suppressor in the skin. New biological functions of non-classical vitamin D derivatives were recently identified, that are mediated via binding to alternate receptors, including the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and that indicate functional interaction between AHR and VDR signaling in various human tissues. We aimed to gain further insights into the cross-talk of VDR and AHR signaling in skin photo-carcinogenesis...

Background: Chronic plaque psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder. Vitamin D has been shown to have effects on keratinocyte differentiation as well as immune regulation in the skin. Objective: The main objective of this study was to assess the 25hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D] level in patients with psoriasis in comparison with healthy control subjects. Materials and Methods: This case-control study included 180 persons (120 cases and 60 age- and sex-matched control subjects) from outpatient department of BPKIHS, a tertiary care hospital in eastern Nepal...

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PURPOSE: This review will discuss the role of vitamin D and calcium signaling in the epidermal wound response with particular focus on the stem cells of the epidermis and hair follicle that contribute to the wounding response. METHODS: Selected publications relevant to the mechanisms of wound healing in general and the roles of calcium and vitamin D in wound healing in particular were reviewed. RESULTS: Following wounding the stem cells of the hair follicle and interfollicular epidermis are activated to proliferate and migrate to the wound where they take on an epidermal fate to re-epithelialize the wound and regenerate the epidermis...

Background: The earliest cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Since the declaration as a pandemic on 11 March 2020, further dermatological conditions continue to be documented. We herein present a novel literature review of dermatological manifestations associated with the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To date, this literature review is the first broad-spectrum examination that analyzes a range of dermatological manifestations related to the COVID-19 pandemic: infection, vaccinations, personal protective equipment (PPE), and psychosocial factors...